The purpose of this study is to investigate the collection development practices of electronic resources at the University of Namibia (UNAM) library and its constituent branches. Collection development is one of the critical activities of any library management process; therefore, the goal of collection development in university libraries is to effectively provide relevant and up-to-date information resources. The main aims of the study were: to explore the collection development procedures and policies for electronic resources at the UNAM library; to investigate the factors that influence the collection development of information resources; to assess the extent which teaching staff and subject librarians are involved in collection development at the UNAM library; to discover the barriers to effective collection development of electronic resources at the UNAM library; and to determine the influence of the UNAM library budget allocation on the collection development of electronic resources. The population of the study comprised of 291 teaching staff from all eight faculties of UNAM. A total of 149 faculty members responded to the survey, which gave a response rate of 51.2%, while a total number of 16 library staff were interviewed. The study employed a quantitative approach, and the qualitative approach was applied on the part of the library staff. For quantitative data collection, the study used a self-administered questionnaire, while for qualitative data, the study used an interview schedule with library staff. The data from the interviews were used to complement the data from the survey. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The study revealed that not all faculty members are aware of the guideline, procedure, and policies on the collection development activities. Eighty one percent (81%) of the respondents are aware of the importance of their role in selecting library materials, 72% are aware of acquiring books, and 67% are aware of the budget allocated to their faculty. The majority totaling 94% of the faculty members are not aware of weeding or disposal of library books, followed by 83% who are not aware of collection evaluation, and 81% are not aware of the collection development policy in place at the UNAM library. From the data collected, the study found that a majority (67%) of faculty members are aware of ICTs used in collection development activities. Even though the majority of faculty members are aware of ICTs used in collection development activities, (45%) faculty members are not aware that ICTs can be used in collection development. The major challenge facing the UNAM library is the absence of the collection development policy, which makes it difficult for the teaching staff, students, and library staff to understand all the issues related to the collection development of electronic resources in the library. Another challenge is the inadequacy of funds to cater for the increasing costs of electronic resources in various subject fields. / Information Science / M. A. (Information Science)

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os requisitos necessários para criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em imagens, no caso, a gravura artística, levando-se em conta as etapas do Ciclo Informacional. De abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada por pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, de natureza exploratória, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (1) pesquisa bibliográfica para preparação do quadro teórico de referência; (2) pesquisa de campo para conhecimento de instituições mantenedoras de acervos de gravuras; e (3) sistematização e análise dos dados, o que resultou numa lista de requisitos presentes na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravura. Verificou-se que, como documento, a gravura brasileira é fruto de um processo que inclui diversas etapas e, por vezes, diferentes atores, e que esta tem integrado acervos de Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus. O trabalho identificou os seguintes grupos de usuários: (a) os especializados em Arte, como estudantes, pesquisadores, historiadores da Arte e artistas; e (b) o público em geral, ou seja, usuários sem um interesse específico. A partir de conversas (entrevistas) com pessoas de especialidades diversas, evidenciou-se variações quanto à definição de gravura, o que muito contribuiu para este trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, com base nas instituições visitadas e sites analisados, identificou a falta de acervos especializados em gravuras, assim como a necessidade de clareza a respeito das políticas de seleção e aquisição. Constatou-se que os acervos são criados, em sua maioria, a partir de coleções particulares e são ampliados a partir de doações várias, sem priorizar diretrizes ou políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Frente a isto, apresentou-se a proposta de um modelo com diretrizes para uso na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravuras, considerando-se o Ciclo Informacional, o Desenvolvimento de Coleções e a Curadoria Digital. / The objective of this research was to investigate the necessary requirements for the creation and maintenance of image collections, in this case, art prints, taking into account the stages of the Informational Cycle. From a qualitative approach, characterized by bibliographical and field research, of an exploratory nature, the research was divided into three stages: (1) bibliographical research to prepare the reference theoretical framework; (2) field research for knowledge of institutions that maintains collections of engravings; and (3) data systematization and analysis, which resulted in a list of requirements for the creation and maintenance of specialized art prints collections. It was verified that, as a document, the Brazilian art print is the result of a process that includes several stages and sometimes different actors, and that it has integrated collections of Libraries, Archives and Museums. The work identified the following groups of users: (a) those specializing in Art, such as students, researchers, art historians and artists; and (b) the general public, i.e. users without a specific interest. From conversations (interviews) with people of diverse specialties, variations on the definition of engraving were evidenced, which contributed much to this work. Field research, based on the visited institutions and sites analyzed, identified a lack of specialized collections in art prints, as well as the need for clarity regarding selection and acquisition policies. It was found that the collections are mostly created from private collections and are expanded from donations, without prioritizing guidelines or collection development policies. Against this, a proposal was presented for a model with guidelines for use in the creation and maintenance of collections specialized in art prints, considering the Information Cycle, Collection Development and Digital Curation.

Esta pesquisa discute a utilização de livros eletrônicos em bibliotecas e as transformações que este recurso pode ocasionar em unidades de informação e nas atividades bibliotecárias. Para tanto são analisadas as transformações pelas quais passou o livro, em seus suportes e formatos, passando pelas ideias de Vannevar Bush, o Dynabook, primeiro dispositivo de leitura e a oferta de conteúdo do Projeto Gutenberg até o advento do livro eletrônico. As denominações empregadas para designar os livros eletrônicos são identificadas e busca-se conceituar o objeto empírico. São identificados seus quatro elementos, formato, dispositivo, plataforma e DRM, e as transformações ocorridas no processo de aquisição, com a possibilidade de licenciamento do conteúdo em oposição à propriedade. Neste aspecto são analisadas as teorias da primeira venda e do uso justo e a implicação que os licenciamentos representam às bibliotecas. São identificados os tipos de fornecedores de conteúdo digital licenciado, editores, agregadores e distribuidores, e as possibilidades de acesso às plataformas e aos conteúdos contratados. Os principais modelos de negócios são apresentados, aquisição perpétua, assinatura, Aquisição Orientada ao Usuário (DDA), Empréstimo de curto prazo (STL) e Aquisição orientada por evidência (EBS), além das possibilidades de inclusão de conteúdo aberto. A partir das características dos modelos de negócios para aquisição de conteúdo licenciado, aspectos do desenvolvimento de coleção são analisados, buscando identificar questões significativas nas práticas bibliotecárias. O texto finaliza com levantamento de vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação de livros eletrônicos em bibliotecas e a importância da continuidade de estudos sobre este tema. / This research discusses the applicability of electronic books (e-books) in libraries and the transformations that this resource can provide in information units and librarianship activities. To do that, are analyzed the book transformations, in its supports and formats, through the ideas of Vannevar Bush, the Dynabook, the first electronic reader and the content offer provided by Gutenberg Project until the evolution of e-book. The various ways in which the ebooks are denominated are presented, seeking for the concept the empirical object. Are identified the four elements of the e-book: the format, the device, the platform and the DRM, and the transmutation in the acquisition process, with the possibility of content licensing as opposed to property. In this aspect, the theory of first sale and the fair use are analyzed and its implications for libraries. From the identification of types of digital content providers, as editors, aggregators and distributors, and the access to platforms and content, the main business models are analyzed, Perpetual acquisition, Signature, Demand Driven Acquisition, Short Term Loans and Evidence Based Selection, addition of open access. From the business models characteristics to acquire digital content, are analyzed some aspects of collection management, trying to identify significant questions about the libraries practices. The text ends with the advantages and disadvantages of the e-books adoption in libraries and the importance of continuing studies on this topic.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os requisitos necessários para criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em imagens, no caso, a gravura artística, levando-se em conta as etapas do Ciclo Informacional. De abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada por pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, de natureza exploratória, a pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (1) pesquisa bibliográfica para preparação do quadro teórico de referência; (2) pesquisa de campo para conhecimento de instituições mantenedoras de acervos de gravuras; e (3) sistematização e análise dos dados, o que resultou numa lista de requisitos presentes na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravura. Verificou-se que, como documento, a gravura brasileira é fruto de um processo que inclui diversas etapas e, por vezes, diferentes atores, e que esta tem integrado acervos de Bibliotecas, Arquivos e Museus. O trabalho identificou os seguintes grupos de usuários: (a) os especializados em Arte, como estudantes, pesquisadores, historiadores da Arte e artistas; e (b) o público em geral, ou seja, usuários sem um interesse específico. A partir de conversas (entrevistas) com pessoas de especialidades diversas, evidenciou-se variações quanto à definição de gravura, o que muito contribuiu para este trabalho. A pesquisa de campo, com base nas instituições visitadas e sites analisados, identificou a falta de acervos especializados em gravuras, assim como a necessidade de clareza a respeito das políticas de seleção e aquisição. Constatou-se que os acervos são criados, em sua maioria, a partir de coleções particulares e são ampliados a partir de doações várias, sem priorizar diretrizes ou políticas de desenvolvimento de coleções. Frente a isto, apresentou-se a proposta de um modelo com diretrizes para uso na criação e manutenção de acervos especializados em gravuras, considerando-se o Ciclo Informacional, o Desenvolvimento de Coleções e a Curadoria Digital. / The objective of this research was to investigate the necessary requirements for the creation and maintenance of image collections, in this case, art prints, taking into account the stages of the Informational Cycle. From a qualitative approach, characterized by bibliographical and field research, of an exploratory nature, the research was divided into three stages: (1) bibliographical research to prepare the reference theoretical framework; (2) field research for knowledge of institutions that maintains collections of engravings; and (3) data systematization and analysis, which resulted in a list of requirements for the creation and maintenance of specialized art prints collections. It was verified that, as a document, the Brazilian art print is the result of a process that includes several stages and sometimes different actors, and that it has integrated collections of Libraries, Archives and Museums. The work identified the following groups of users: (a) those specializing in Art, such as students, researchers, art historians and artists; and (b) the general public, i.e. users without a specific interest. From conversations (interviews) with people of diverse specialties, variations on the definition of engraving were evidenced, which contributed much to this work. Field research, based on the visited institutions and sites analyzed, identified a lack of specialized collections in art prints, as well as the need for clarity regarding selection and acquisition policies. It was found that the collections are mostly created from private collections and are expanded from donations, without prioritizing guidelines or collection development policies. Against this, a proposal was presented for a model with guidelines for use in the creation and maintenance of collections specialized in art prints, considering the Information Cycle, Collection Development and Digital Curation.

<p>The aim of this study is to examine how work at music departments in public libraries has changed with time. To analyze this, the role of music libraries as well as music library users, selection, holdings, acquisition and technological development have been examined. The examined data consists of qualitative interviews with music librarians and library assistants at public libraries in Sweden. To get a time perspective, handbooks and articles about music departments in libraries have also been analyzed.</p><p>This study emanates from Sanna Talja’s discourse analysis of music libraries in Finland. In her study of Finnish music libraries she has found three discourses that give the library different roles in society. The first discourse, <em>The General Education Repertoire</em>, states that the role of the music library is to educate the citizens by supplying a broad record collection with “classics” from all kinds of genres. The second discourse, <em>The Alternative Repertoire</em>,<em> </em>states that the role of the library is to be an alternative to commercial music and the record industry by providing alternative music, that can’t be found everywhere. The third discourse, <em>The Demand Repertoire</em>, states that the role of the library is to satisfy the library users’ needs and thus adapt the collection and acquisitions to the local demand.</p><p>The study shows that all three discourses are present at the public libraries examined in this master’s thesis. My interviewees state that they want to offer a broad collection with all genres represented but they find it also important to provide alternative music that is difficult to find elsewhere. At the same time, a demand repertoire, where the collection is more adapted to users’ wishes and needs, gets more common and librarians have a less critical attitude towards certain genres that were formerly banned at public libraries.</p><p>The study also shows that work at public libraries has changed a lot with time. The music departments started with only listening service, began later to loan their music collections to the users and now even provide music files that can be downloaded and played on mp3-players. Loan figures of phonograms remain high, but have started to drop, which can partly be due to downloading and the fact that the number of young music library users, such as adolescents, has gone down. The technological development has also changed work at the music library, among other things information research, acquisition and selection. Even though technological development has changed the work and tasks at music libraries, the role of the librarian is still quite the same. An important task still is to search for and provide information even though the strategies and facilities are different.</p>

As the practice of integrative medicine becomes more common, it is important for library science professionals to understand the research needs of integrative medicine professionals in order to best provide resources and services to this population. This paper surveys integrative medicine professionals affiliated with the four North Carolina academic programs and centers for integrative medicine. The results of this study indicate that this population may need more targeted library services due to the difficulty in finding information in this field.

The aim of this study is to examine how work at music departments in public libraries has changed with time. To analyze this, the role of music libraries as well as music library users, selection, holdings, acquisition and technological development have been examined. The examined data consists of qualitative interviews with music librarians and library assistants at public libraries in Sweden. To get a time perspective, handbooks and articles about music departments in libraries have also been analyzed. This study emanates from Sanna Talja’s discourse analysis of music libraries in Finland. In her study of Finnish music libraries she has found three discourses that give the library different roles in society. The first discourse, The General Education Repertoire, states that the role of the music library is to educate the citizens by supplying a broad record collection with “classics” from all kinds of genres. The second discourse, The Alternative Repertoire, states that the role of the library is to be an alternative to commercial music and the record industry by providing alternative music, that can’t be found everywhere. The third discourse, The Demand Repertoire, states that the role of the library is to satisfy the library users’ needs and thus adapt the collection and acquisitions to the local demand. The study shows that all three discourses are present at the public libraries examined in this master’s thesis. My interviewees state that they want to offer a broad collection with all genres represented but they find it also important to provide alternative music that is difficult to find elsewhere. At the same time, a demand repertoire, where the collection is more adapted to users’ wishes and needs, gets more common and librarians have a less critical attitude towards certain genres that were formerly banned at public libraries. The study also shows that work at public libraries has changed a lot with time. The music departments started with only listening service, began later to loan their music collections to the users and now even provide music files that can be downloaded and played on mp3-players. Loan figures of phonograms remain high, but have started to drop, which can partly be due to downloading and the fact that the number of young music library users, such as adolescents, has gone down. The technological development has also changed work at the music library, among other things information research, acquisition and selection. Even though technological development has changed the work and tasks at music libraries, the role of the librarian is still quite the same. An important task still is to search for and provide information even though the strategies and facilities are different.

Non-book materials have a unique role to play in university libraries of South Africa, as they re-inforce what has been learnt and facilitate presentation of subject matter to fulfil the needs of teaching and learning of institutions. The key problem of the study was that non-book materials though very important as sources of information like books, appear to be little or not used in South African university libraries. This may be caused by unclear policy presented in formal or informal collection development policies. The general aim of the study was to find out collection development practices, policies and use of non-book materials in South African university libraries. To this end the specific objectives were: To find out how non-book materials in university libraries are collected and maintained as part of teaching, learning and research. To get some understanding on the policies and patterns the university libraries follow in the development of non-book materials. To find out the manner in which non-book materials are funded and acquired. To find out the extent to which library orientation, instruction and user education cover non-book materials. The study therefore examined the collection development and usage of nonbook materials in university libraries of South Africa. All the South African university libraries except University of Zululand where the researcher works and is the AV-librarian were included in the study. The major method of study chosen was the survey method and the questionnaire was used for data collection. The methods of analysis used were the univariate and bi-variate methods and the basic type of statistics, the descriptive statistics. Libraries surveyed showed that they favoured non-book materials, and above all they do have the most NBM that are available in all formats. The study guided the researcher in making the following recommendations: The need for improvement of the NBM information services in libraries. That clear policies, whether written or not, for selection and acquisition of NBM be reviewed in libraries in South Africa. The role of NBM specialist is important and needs to be redressed. That the academic staff, library staff and students work together as a team and devise a program of library user education integrated with curriculum. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

The purpose of this thesis in Library and Information Science (LIS) is to examine how five Swedish university libraries work with collection management using a critical discourse analysis (CDA). University libraries hold large, valuable and often unique materials in the collections. Making decisions on what to preserve has for centuries been a task that libraries have been relied on to perform. The thesis aims to discuss how the university libraries through policy documents work with collection management and preservation of library materials and if there is a need of a national preservation policy. The method used in this thesis is Norman Faircloughs critical discourse analysis (CDA) with its three dimensional analytical framework that focuses on the text, the discourse practice and the social practice. The qualitative methods used are interviews and a textanalysis of policy documents. The result of the analysis revealed that the majority of the libraries lack substantial policies in collection management. The focus has instead been on a more user-oriented approach regarding access and acquisition of library materials. A central conclusion is that there is a need of a national collection policy regarding preservation of library collections.

Esta pesquisa discute a utilização de livros eletrônicos em bibliotecas e as transformações que este recurso pode ocasionar em unidades de informação e nas atividades bibliotecárias. Para tanto são analisadas as transformações pelas quais passou o livro, em seus suportes e formatos, passando pelas ideias de Vannevar Bush, o Dynabook, primeiro dispositivo de leitura e a oferta de conteúdo do Projeto Gutenberg até o advento do livro eletrônico. As denominações empregadas para designar os livros eletrônicos são identificadas e busca-se conceituar o objeto empírico. São identificados seus quatro elementos, formato, dispositivo, plataforma e DRM, e as transformações ocorridas no processo de aquisição, com a possibilidade de licenciamento do conteúdo em oposição à propriedade. Neste aspecto são analisadas as teorias da primeira venda e do uso justo e a implicação que os licenciamentos representam às bibliotecas. São identificados os tipos de fornecedores de conteúdo digital licenciado, editores, agregadores e distribuidores, e as possibilidades de acesso às plataformas e aos conteúdos contratados. Os principais modelos de negócios são apresentados, aquisição perpétua, assinatura, Aquisição Orientada ao Usuário (DDA), Empréstimo de curto prazo (STL) e Aquisição orientada por evidência (EBS), além das possibilidades de inclusão de conteúdo aberto. A partir das características dos modelos de negócios para aquisição de conteúdo licenciado, aspectos do desenvolvimento de coleção são analisados, buscando identificar questões significativas nas práticas bibliotecárias. O texto finaliza com levantamento de vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação de livros eletrônicos em bibliotecas e a importância da continuidade de estudos sobre este tema. / This research discusses the applicability of electronic books (e-books) in libraries and the transformations that this resource can provide in information units and librarianship activities. To do that, are analyzed the book transformations, in its supports and formats, through the ideas of Vannevar Bush, the Dynabook, the first electronic reader and the content offer provided by Gutenberg Project until the evolution of e-book. The various ways in which the ebooks are denominated are presented, seeking for the concept the empirical object. Are identified the four elements of the e-book: the format, the device, the platform and the DRM, and the transmutation in the acquisition process, with the possibility of content licensing as opposed to property. In this aspect, the theory of first sale and the fair use are analyzed and its implications for libraries. From the identification of types of digital content providers, as editors, aggregators and distributors, and the access to platforms and content, the main business models are analyzed, Perpetual acquisition, Signature, Demand Driven Acquisition, Short Term Loans and Evidence Based Selection, addition of open access. From the business models characteristics to acquire digital content, are analyzed some aspects of collection management, trying to identify significant questions about the libraries practices. The text ends with the advantages and disadvantages of the e-books adoption in libraries and the importance of continuing studies on this topic.