Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NelsonRD_DISSERT.pdf: 6410040 bytes, checksum: b984ed383486a723e2f3e4c87e50d6c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / This research work is based, in search of reinforcement s vegetable alternative to polymer composites. The idealization of making a hybrid composite reinforced with vegetable fibers licuri with synthetic fibers is a pioneer in this area. Thus was conceived a hybrid composite laminate consisting of 05 (five) layers being 03 (three) webs of synthetic fibers of glass and E-02 (two) unidirectional fabrics of vegetable fibers licuri. In the configuration of the laminate layers have alternating distribution. The composite laminate was manufactured in Tecniplas Commerce & Industry LTD, in the form of a card through the manufacturing process of hand lay up. Licuri fibers used in making the foil were the City of Mare Island in the state of Bahia. After cooking and the idealization of the hybrid composite laminate, the objective of this research work has focused on evaluating the performance of the mechanical properties (ultimate strength, stiffness and elongation at break) through uniaxial tensile tests and three point bending. Comparative studies of the mechanical properties and as well as among other types of laminated hybrid composites studied previously, were performed. Promising results were found with respect to the mechanical properties of strength and stiffness to the hybridization process idealized here. To complement the entire study were analyzed in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fracture for all tests. / O presente trabalho de investiga??o baseia-se na busca de refor?os vegetais alternativos aos comp?sitos polim?ricos. A idealiza??o de confeccionar um comp?sito h?brido com refor?o de fibras vegetais de licuri com as fibras sint?ticas ? pioneira nessa ?rea. Para tanto foi idealizado um laminado comp?sito hibrido constitu?do de 05 (cinco) camadas sendo 03 (tr?s) de mantas de fibras sint?ticas de vidro-E e 02 (duas) de tecidos unidirecionais de fibras vegetais de licuri. Na configura??o do laminado as camadas possuem distribui??o alternada. O laminado comp?sito foi fabricado, industrialmente, na forma de uma placa, atrav?s do processo de fabrica??o de lamina??o manual (hand lay up). As fibras de licuri utilizadas para a confec??o do laminado foram da cidade de Ilha de Mar? no estado da Bahia. Ap?s a idealiza??o e confec??o do laminado comp?sito h?brido, o objetivo desse trabalho de investiga??o se concentrou em avaliar o desempenho das propriedades mec?nicas (resist?ncia ?ltima, rigidez e deforma??o na ruptura), atrav?s dos ensaios de tra??o uniaxial e flex?o de tr?s pontos. Estudos comparativos entre as propriedades mec?nicas obtidas, bem como entre outros tipos de laminados comp?sitos h?bridos j? estudados, foram realizados. Resultados promissores foram encontrados com rela??o ?s propriedades mec?nicas de resist?ncia e rigidez para esse processo de hibridiza??o aqui idealizado. Para complementa??o de todo o estudo foram realizadas an?lises macrosc?picas e microsc?picas das caracter?sticas da fratura para todos os ensaios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKFM_DISSERT.pdf: 4478017 bytes, checksum: bb7d18f11901c25f02491e8c88ba1ff2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / Composite materials can be defined as materials formed from two or more constituents with different compositions, structures and properties, which are separated by an interface. The main objective in producing composites is to combine different materials to produce a single device with superior properties to the component unit. The present study used a composite consisting of plaster, cement, EPS, tire, PET and water to build prototype solar attempt to reduce the manufacturing cost of such equipment. It was built two box type solar cookers, a cooler to be cooled by solar energy, a solar dryer and a solar cooker concentration. For these prototypes were discussed the processes of construction and assembly, determination of thermal and mechanical properties, and raising the performance of such solar systems. Were also determined the proportions of the constituents of the composite materials according to specific performance of each prototype designed. This compound proved to be feasible for the manufacture of such equipment, low cost and easy manufacturing and assembly processes / Foi concebido e estudado um comp?sito de matriz cer?mica composto por gesso, cimento, EPS, pneu, PET e ?gua para construir prot?tipos solares competitivos em efici?ncia com outros equipamentos de materiais convencionais j? constru?dos e estudados e de menor custo de fabrica??o. Foram constru?dos dois fornos/fog?es solares tipo caixa, uma caixa t?rmica para ser refrigerada por energia solar, um secador solar e um fog?o solar a concentra??o. Foram determinadas as propor??es dos materiais constituintes do comp?sito em fun??o das especificidades de desempenho de cada prot?tipo projetado e de resultados alcan?ados pelos prot?tipos anteriormente estudados. Foram abordados os processos de constru??o e montagem de tais equipamentos e determinadas propriedades t?rmicas e mec?nicas. Avaliou-se tamb?m o desempenho de cada prot?tipo constru?do. Esse comp?sito mostrou-se vi?vel para fabrica??o de tais equipamentos, com baixo custo e f?ceis processos de fabrica??o e montagem

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCS_DISSERT.pdf: 2144999 bytes, checksum: 11a0f7255d18cc7bb37fb7499b866d52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-16 / The Sustainability has been evidence in the world today; organizations have sought to be more and more into this philosophy in their processes, whether products or attendance. In the present work were manufactured eco-composites with animal fiber (dog wool) that is currently discarded into the environment without any use. The fibers were characterized and made matting (non-woven). The phases of the project were consisted to develop methods and to convert these fibers (booster) blended with polyester resin (matrix) in different proportions (10%, 20% and 30%) at the composite. Were studied fiber characteristics, mechanical properties of the composites, water absorption and scanning electron microscopy. Initially, the fibers were treated with solution of sodium hydroxide of 0.05 mols, and then taken to matting preparing at the textile engineering laboratory - UFRN. The composites were made by compression molding, using an orthophthalic polyester resin as matrix and 1% MEK (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) as initiator (catalyst). To evaluate the mechanical tests (tensile and flexural) and water absorption were made twelve specimens with dimensions 150x25x3 mm were cut randomly. According to the standard method, tensile tests (ASTM 3039) bending tests (ASTM D790) were performed at the mechanical testing of metals at laboratory UFRN. The results of these tests showed that the composite reinforced with 30% had a better behavior when exposed to tension charge; while on the three points bending test showed that the composite reinforced with 10% had a better behavior. In the water absorption test it was possible to see that the highest absorption happened on the composite reinforced with 30%. In the micrographs, it was possible to see the regions of rupture and behavior of the composite (booster / matrix) / A sustentabilidade tem sido cada dia mais um tema em evid?ncia no mundo, atualmente organiza??es t?m buscado estar cada vez mais dentro desta filosofia em seus processos, seja produtos ou servi?os. No presente trabalho foram fabricados eco-comp?sitos com a fibra animal (l? canina) que atualmente ? descartada no ambiente sem nenhum aproveitamento. As fibras foram caracterizadas e em seguida confeccionadas mantas (n?o tecidas). As fases do projeto consistiram em desenvolver m?todos para converter estas fibras (refor?o) misturadas com resina de poli?ster (matriz) em distintas propor??es (10%, 20% e 30%) nos comp?sitos. Foram estudadas as caracter?sticas da fibra, propriedades mec?nicas dos comp?sitos, absor??o de ?gua e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Inicialmente as fibras foram tratadas com uma solu??o de 0,05 mols de hidr?xido de s?dio, em seguida levadas a um preparador de mantas no Laborat?rio de Engenharia T?xtil da UFRN. Os comp?sitos foram fabricados em molde por compress?o, utilizando a resina de poli?ster ortoft?lico como matriz e 1% de per?xido MEK (per?xido de metil etil cetona) como iniciador (catalizador). Para avalia??o dos ensaios mec?nicos (tra??o e flex?o) e absor??o d agua, foram confeccionados corpos de prova com as dimens?es 150x25x3 mm. De acordo com as normas, os ensaios de tra??o (ASTM 3039) e flex?o em tr?s pontos (ASTM D790) foram realizados no Laborat?rio de metais e ensaios mec?nicos da UFRN. Analisando os resultados destes ensaios, observou-se que o comp?sito refor?ado com 30% apresentou um melhor comportamento quando expostos a carregamentos de tra??o, enquanto que no teste de flex?o observou-se que o comp?sito refor?ado com 10% apresentou um melhor comportamento. No ensaio de absor??o d agua foi poss?vel observar um equil?brio na absor??o de umidade dos comp?sitos sendo seu maior percentual de absor??o no comp?sito de 30%. Nas micrografias, se observa as regi?es de ruptura do comp?sito e seu comportamento (fibra/matriz)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GustavoAB.pdf: 2461248 bytes, checksum: 0536be02b6961005820ca67a7e2765de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-19 / Fillers are often added in composites to enhance performance and/or to reduce cost. Fiberglass pipes must meet performance requirements and industrial sand is frequently added for the pipe to be cost competitive. The sand is added to increase pipe wall thickness, thus increase pipe stiffness. The main goal of the present work is to conduct an experimental investigation between pipes fabricated with and without de addition of sand, to be used in the petroleum industry. Pipes were built using E-glass fibers, polyester resin and siliceous sand. The fabrication process used hand lay up and filament winding and was divided in two different parts: the liner and the structural wall. All tested pipes had the same liner, but different structural wall composition, which is the layer where siliceous sand may be added or not. The comparative investigation was developed considering the results of longitudinal tensile tests, hoop tensile tests, hydrostatic pressure leak tests and parallel-plate loading stiffness tests. SEM was used to analyze if the sand caused any damage to the glass fibers, during the fabrication process, because of the fiber-sand contact. The procedure was also used to verify the composite conditions after the hydrostatic pressure leak test. The results proved that the addition of siliceous sand reduced the leak pressure in about 17 %. In the other hand, this loss in pressure was compensated by a stiffness increment of more than 380 %. MEV analyses show that it is possible to find damage on the fiber-sand contact, but on a very small amount. On most cases, the contact occurs without damage evidences. In summary, the addition of sand filler represented a 27.8 % of cost reduction, when compared to a pipe designed with glass fiber and resin only. This cost reduction combined to the good mechanical tests results make siliceous sand filler suitable for fiberglass pressure pipes / Cargas de adi??o s?o utilizadas com freq??ncia, em materiais comp?sitos, para atingir propriedades mec?nicas requeridas por normas e para redu??o de custos. As tubula??es em pl?stico refor?ado com fibras de vidro (PRFV), utilizadas para aplica??es com altas press?es, devem atender a requisitos m?nimos de projeto estabelecidos em normas. Para tanto, a areia vem sendo utilizada como carga de adi??o, no sentido de manter os tubos em PRFV competitivos no mercado. A areia ? adicionada para aumentar a espessura da parede, aumentando com isso a rigidez. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo analisar a influ?ncia da areia nas propriedades mec?nicas de tubula??es de PRFV, visando sua aplica??o na ind?stria do petr?leo e do g?s, atrav?s de ensaios comparativos entre tubos com e sem a adi??o de areia. Os tubos foram fabricados com fibras de vidro tipo E na forma de fios cont?nuos e manta, resina poli?ster ortoft?lica e areia quartzosa. A fabrica??o foi realizada em duas etapas distintas, sendo a primeira camada do tubo denominada de barreira qu?mica (processo de lamina??o manual) e a segunda camada denominada estrutura (fabricada pelo processo de filamento cont?nuo). A areia ? adicionada no tubo juntamente com as camadas de filamento cont?nuo e, portanto, ? um constituinte da estrutura do tubo. A an?lise comparativa foi conduzida atrav?s de ensaios de tra??o axial e ircunferencial, press?o hidrost?tica e rigidez, al?m de an?lises com microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura (MEV). Foram avaliadas as for?as resultantes de ruptura e o m?dulo de elasticidade circunferencial, al?m da rigidez. As an?lises com MEV foram conduzidas para verificar a presen?a de danos causados as fibras, durante o processo de fabrica??o, e para verificar as condi??es do laminado ap?s os ensaios de press?o hidrost?tica. Os resultados mostraram que a adi??o de areia causou uma redu??o na press?o de ruptura do tubo de 17 %. Por?m esta perda foi compensada pelo grande acr?scimo na rigidez que foi da ordem de 380 % . As an?lises no MEV mostraram que ocorrem danos durante o processo de fabrica??o, mas em quantidades muito pequenas. Na maioria dos casos o contato areia/fibras ocorre sem evid?ncias de danos. Em resumo, a areia representa uma redu??o de 27,8 % no custo final do tubo, que somado aos bons resultados obtidos nos ensaios mec?nicos, faz deste material uma excelente op??o de carga de adi??o para tubula??es de PRFV utilizadas com altas press?es

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-15T11:17:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanaAzevedoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 3970437 bytes, checksum: 117bfe2f45af82aa1ce79c2ec7c811e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-16T11:03:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanaAzevedoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 3970437 bytes, checksum: 117bfe2f45af82aa1ce79c2ec7c811e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T11:03:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanaAzevedoDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 3970437 bytes, checksum: 117bfe2f45af82aa1ce79c2ec7c811e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-16 / As t?cnicas de auto-reparo em resinas ep?xi v?m sendo desenvolvidas buscando aumentar a vida ?til e reduzir os custos associados ? manuten??o desses materiais durante o servi?o. A adi??o de termopl?sticos ? matriz termofixa produzindo resinas repar?veis aparece como t?cnica de reparo promissora. Neste trabalho, o termopl?stico poli (etileno-co-?cido-metacr?lico) (EMAA) foi adicionado no plano m?dio de laminados comp?sitos carbono-ep?xi para fabrica??o de um sistema de reparo. Foram fabricadas placas com 5%, 10% e 15% de EMAA em massa de resina do prepreg. Ensaios de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento interlaminar (ILSS), an?lise din?mico mec?nica (DMA), espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura com fonte de emiss?o de campo (MEV-FEG) foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito da adi??o desse termopl?stico ao comp?sito e seu comportamento antes e ap?s o reparo. As amostras reparadas n?o apresentaram aumento na resist?ncia ao cisalhamento interlaminar (ILSS) ap?s o reparo. Entretanto, para maiores porcentagens de EMAA, houve redu??o dessa propriedade, al?m de redu??o de m?dulo de elasticidade e da temperatura de transi??o v?trea (Tg), em rela??o aos valores apresentados pelo comp?sito puro. Imagens de MEV confirmaram a forte ades?o entre o EMAA e a resina ep?xi, formando uma camada adesiva que impediu a forma??o de delamina??es no plano m?dio do laminado. / Self-healing techniques in epoxy resins have been developed to improve the durability and reduce costs associated with repairs of these materials during service. The addition of thermoplastics into the thermoset matrix producing mendable resins appears as a promising self-healing technique. In this study, poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added in the mid-plane of carbon fiber-epoxy composites laminates to produce a self-healing system. Plates were manufactured with addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of EMAA as related to the resin weight of prepreg. Interlaminar shear strength test (ILSS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission gun scanning electron microcopy (FEG-SEM) were employed in order to evaluate the effect of the addition of the thermoplastic to the composite and its behavior before and after a healing cycle. The healed samples did not show an increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) after healing. However, for higher percentages of EMAA there was a reduction of this property, besides a reduction of Young?s modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg), in relation to the values presented by the unmodified composite. SEM images confirmed the strong adhesion between EMAA and epoxy resin, which produced an adhesive layer that prevented delamination in the mid-plane of the laminate.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T13:28:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseclebioDaFonsecaLucena_DISSERT.pdf: 1438787 bytes, checksum: 0316690714d7086e6bac43c938ec58c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-14T18:34:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseclebioDaFonsecaLucena_DISSERT.pdf: 1438787 bytes, checksum: 0316690714d7086e6bac43c938ec58c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T18:34:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseclebioDaFonsecaLucena_DISSERT.pdf: 1438787 bytes, checksum: 0316690714d7086e6bac43c938ec58c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / A utiliza??o da energia e?lica em larga escala j? evidenciou seus benef?cios com grandes projetos ao redor do mundo. Devido ao baixo n?vel tecnol?gico dos processos produtivos dos componentes de uma torre de produ??o deste tipo de energia, ocorre a gera??o de enormes quantidades de res?duos que podem causar impacto negativo ao meio ambiente. Um dos principais componentes para a concep??o dos geradores e?licos s?o as p?s, que s?o produzidas atrav?s da lamina??o de grandes moldes que cont?m, entre outros componentes, a fibra de vidro na forma de n?otecidos, da qual 10 a 15% de retalhos ? eliminado no momento do corte durante sua fabrica??o. Uma forma de se contornar o problema do descarte dos res?duos provenientes da produ??o das p?s e?licas ? a reutiliza??o destes no desenvolvimento de comp?sitos. Os materiais comp?sitos, impulsionados pela ind?stria aeroespacial e militar, desenvolveram-se de forma bastante significativa nos ?ltimos anos, proliferando em diversas ?reas, devido as suas propriedades ?nicas, tais como: a elevada resist?ncia mec?nica, baixa densidade, excelente resist?ncia t?rmica e ? corros?o dentre outras. A fibra de Juta por apresentar um baixo custo, ser facilmente encontrada na regi?o e apresentar bons resultados de resist?ncia, foi utilizada em densidades diferentes para verificar sua influ?ncia, nas propriedades mec?nicas do comp?sito hibrido. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver materiais comp?sitos h?bridos (fibra natural + fibra de vidro) resinados com poli?ster avaliando o comportamento dos comp?sitos refor?ados com res?duos (retalhos) de manta de fibra de vidro oriundos da ind?stria e?lica. Foram realizadas an?lises do percentual de refor?o, resist?ncia ? tra??o e flex?o, absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia ? intemp?ries para verificar o desempenho dos comp?sitos desenvolvidos. Os resultados obtidos com os materiais comp?sitos refor?ados com tr?s camadas de vidro, quando submetidos a ensaios de tra??o, apresentaram valores 10 vezes superiores ao material sem refor?o. Nos ensaios de flex?o, quando comparados os mesmos as for?as utilizadas foram entre 117 N, para materiais sem refor?o, e 691 N para comp?sitos refor?ados com tr?s camadas de vidro, abrindo novas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de materiais produzidos com substratos que s?o normalmente descartados para o meio ambiente. / The use of wind energy on a large scale has already shown its benefits with major projects around the world. Due to the low technological level of the productive processes of the wind towers components, the generation of enormous amounts of waste occurs, which can cause negative impact to the environment. One of the main components for the design of wind generators are the blades. They are produced by laminating of large molds that contain, among other components, glass fiber in the form of nonwoven, of which 10% to 15% of flaps are eliminated at the time of cutting during manufacture. One way of avoiding the problem of discarding waste from the production of wind turbines is to reuse them in the development of composites. Composite materials, driven by the aerospace and military industries, have developed quite significantly in recent years, proliferating in several areas due to their unique properties, such as; High mechanical strength, low density, excellent thermal and corrosion resistance among others. The Jute fiber presented a low cost, easily found in the region and presented good resistance results, was used in different densities to verify its influence on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The present work aims to develop hybrid composite materials (natural fiber + glass fiber) with polyester resins , evaluating the influence of the use of fiberglass residues from the wind industry. Density, count yarns, twist tests were used to characterize the reinforcement materials, as well as fiber content, tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weathering analyzes for the performance of the composites developed. The results obtained with the reinforced composites with three layers of glass, when subjected to tensile tests, presented values 10 times higher than the material without reinforcement. In the flexural tests, when compared, the forces used were between 117 N for non-reinforced materials and 691 N for reinforced composites with three layers of glass, opening new opportunities for the development of materials produced with substrates that are normally discarded for the environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaSM_DISSERT.pdf: 2134980 bytes, checksum: d9d14af471d3325a59885975b6f26a37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work a biodegradable composite using the carnauba straw s powder as reinforcement on chitosan matrix polymeric were manufactured. Firstly, were carried out the chemistry characterization of the carnauba straw s powder before and after treatments with NaOH and hexane. Goering and Van Soest method (1970), flotation test, moisture absorption, FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC and SEM have also being carried out. Composites were developed with variations in granulometry and in powder concentrations. They were characterized by TG/DTG, SEM and mechanicals properties. The results of chemical composition showed that the carnauba straw s powder is composed of 41% of cellulose; 28,9% of hemicellulose and 14% of lignin.The flotation test have indicated that the chemical treatment with NaOH decreased the powder s hidrophilicity.The thermal analysis showed increased of thermal stability of material after treatments. The results of FTIR and SEM revealed the removal of soluble materials from the powder (hemicelluloses and lignin), the material became rougher and clean. The composites obtained showed that the mechanicals properties of the composites were decreased in respect at chitosan films, and the composites with the powder at 150 Mesh showed less variation in the modulus values. The speed test of 10 mm/min showed the better reproducibility of the results and is in agreement to the standard ASTM D638. The SEM analysis of fracture showed the low adhesion between the fiber/matrix. The increase of volume of powder in the composite caused a decrease in values of stress and strain for the samples with untreated powder and treated with hexane. The composite with 50% of the powder s treated in NaOH didn t have significant variation in the values of stress and strain as compared with the composites with 10% of the powder, showing that the increase in the volume of fiber didn t affect the stress and strain of the composite. Thereby, it is concluded that the manufacture of polymeric composites of chitosan using carnauba straw s powder can be done, without need for pre-treatment of reinforcement, become the couple of carnauba straw s powder-chitosan a good alternative for biodegradable composites / Neste trabalho foi produzido um comp?sito biodegrad?vel utilizando o p? da palha de carna?ba como refor?o e quitosana como a matriz polim?rica. Inicialmente, foi realizada a caracteriza??o qu?mica do p? da palha de carna?ba antes e ap?s os tratamentos com NaOH e hexano. Os m?todos de an?lise utilizados foram a determina??o da composi??o qu?mica descrita por Goering e Van Soest (1970), ensaio de flota??o e absor??o de umidade, FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC e MEV. Os comp?sitos foram desenvolvidos com varia??es na granulometria e nas concentra??es do p? da palha de carna?ba. Estes foram caracterizados por TG/DTG, MEV e por suas propriedades mec?nicas. Os resultados da composi??o qu?mica mostraram que o p? da palha de carna?ba ? constitu?do de 41% de celulose; 28,9% de hemicelulose e 14% de lignina. Os ensaios de flota??o indicaram que o tratamento com NaOH diminuiu o comportamento hidrof?lico do p?. As an?lises t?rmicas indicaram aumento na estabilidade t?rmica do material ap?s os tratamentos. Os resultados do FTIR e MEV evidenciaram a remo??o de materiais sol?veis do p? (hemiceluloses e lignina), deixando o material mais rugoso e limpo. An?lise t?rmica dos comp?sitos mostrou que ambos, refor?o e matriz sofrem degrada??o t?rmica na mesma temperatura. A adi??o do p? da palha de carna?ba diminui as propriedades mec?nicas do comp?sito em rela??o ao filme de quitosana puro e, o comp?sito obtido com os p?s a 150 Mesh foi o que apresentou menor varia??o nos valores de m?dulo. A velocidade de ensaio de 10 mm/min apresentou melhor reprodutibilidade nos resultados e se encontra de acordo com a norma ASTM D638. As an?lises de fratura do MEV mostraram baixa ades?o entre a fibra e a matriz. O aumento do volume de p? no comp?sito polim?rico provocou a diminui??o dos valores de tens?o e deforma??o para as amostras com p? n?o-tratado e tratado com hexano. Os comp?sitos com os p?s a 50% tratado com NaOH n?o apresentaram varia??o significativa nos valores de tens?o e deforma??o em rela??o aos comp?sitos com o p? a 10 %, indicando que o aumento no volume de fibra n?o comprometeu os valores de tens?o e deforma??o do comp?sito. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que a fabrica??o de comp?sitos polim?ricos de quitosana utilizando o p? da palha de carna?ba pode ser feito, sem a necessidade de tratamento pr?vio do refor?o, tornando o par p? de palha de carna?ba-quitosana uma boa alternativa para materiais comp?sitos biodegrad?veis

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-20T13:13:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Mauro Meliga Wysard Junior.pdf: 3560905 bytes, checksum: 2826a580c7e2ec9ebe3a9e07daacb4f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T13:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Mauro Meliga Wysard Junior.pdf: 3560905 bytes, checksum: 2826a580c7e2ec9ebe3a9e07daacb4f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The need to reduce environmental impacts while maintaining economic efficiency of various processes has motivated research to develop cheaper and sustainable technologies, to replace those already employed in the industrial sectors. Thus, recycling and utilization of natural materials such as coconut fiber or marine animal shells, is envisioned as an alternative to reduce the environmental impact and at the same time the use of these components in industrial processes reduces operational costs. In this context the biosorbents are included, such as coconut fibers and chitosan, which have high applicability to processes for removing metal ions, and are widely available at low cost. In addition, the problem found in the recovery of these adsorbents and adsorbate after the adsorption process can be bypassed by setting biosorbents in polymeric matrixes, obtaining larger parts, which facilitates the separation steps. Thus, this work aims to develop porous composite adsorbent properties, from the physical mixture of maleic anhydride polyethylene (PE-g-MA), coconut fiber (FC), chitosan (Q), and sodium chloride (NaCl) used as porogen agent), and assess the capacity of these new porous composite in the removal of metallic chromium (III) Ion, since this is a residue present in large industrial activities such as electroplating. The porosity of this material was obtained by leaching of NaCl, present in the composition of composite material. For this assessment, we conducted a trial planning, where could be evaluate the influence of particle size of coconut fiber and the amount of chitosan on adsorption process efficiency, as well as the pH of an aqueous solution containing the chromium (III) adsorbate. With the results could be concluded that the model used in planning was valid for the evaluation of the significance of these variables, as well as the trend of better removal of chromium (III), which took place in the higher pH values (between 6 and 7) and in the presence of increased amounts of chitosan (7.5-8.6 g). The granulometric size range of coconut fiber that was more favorable was between 0.097-0.142 mm. Analyzing these porous composites by spectroscopy in the infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), you can see and confirm the strong interaction between the components of the mixture, possibly by interfering in the process efficiency of adsorption of chromium / A necessidade de reduzir impactos ambientais e ao mesmo tempo manter a efici?ncia econ?mica de diversos processos, vem motivando o meio acad?mico a realizar pesquisas voltadas para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias mais baratas e sustent?veis, que possam substituir as j? empregadas nos setores industriais. Desta forma, a reciclagem e a utiliza??o de mat?rias-primas naturais como a casca de coco e carapa?as de animais marinhos ? vislumbrada como uma alternativa para a redu??o do impacto ambiental, e ao mesmo tempo, pela utiliza??o desses componentes em processos industriais com a finalidade de reduzir custos operacionais. Neste contexto encontram-se os biossorventes naturais, como a fibra de coco e a quitosana, que apresentam alta aplicabilidade em processos de remo??o de ?ons met?licos, e uma grande disponibilidade a baixo custo. Al?m disso, o problema encontrado na recupera??o desses adsorventes e do adsorvato ap?s o processo de adsor??o pode ser contornado pela fixa??o dos biossorventes em matrizes polim?ricas, obtendo-se pe?as de maior volume, o que facilita as etapas de separa??o. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver comp?sitos porosos com propriedades adsorventes, a partir da mistura f?sica de polietileno graftizado com anidrido maleico (PE-g-MA), fibra de coco (FC), quitosana (Q) e cloreto de s?dio (NaCl) utilizado como agente porog?nico), e avaliar a capacidade de adsor??o desses novos comp?sitos porosos na remo??o do ?on met?lico cromo (III), j? que este, ? um res?duo presente em grandes atividades industriais, como a galvanoplastia. Com esta finalidade, foi realizado um planejamento experimental, onde foi avaliada a influ?ncia do tamanho das part?culas de fibra de coco e da quantidade de quitosana na efici?ncia do processo de adsor??o, assim como o pH da solu??o aquosa contendo o adsorvato cromo (III). Com os resultados pode-se concluir que o modelo usado no planejamento experimental foi v?lido para a avalia??o da signific?ncia dessas vari?veis, como para as melhores condi??es de remo??o do cromo (III), as quais aconteceram nos valores mais elevados de pH (entre 6 e 7) e na presen?a de maiores quantidades de quitosana (7,5-8,6 g). A faixa granulom?trica da fibra de coco que se mostrou mais favor?vel foi de 0,097-0,142 mm. Analisando esses comp?sitos porosos por espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho (FTIR), difra??o de raios-X (DRX), absor??o de ?gua e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), p?de-se constatar e confirmar a forte intera??o ocorrida entre os componentes da mistura, possivelmente, interferindo na efici?ncia do processo de adsor??o do cromo (III).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseFSJ_DISSERT_2008.pdf: 20908474 bytes, checksum: 6066ac5af7bd753501dc151675ed9175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Ta-Cu bulk composites combine high mechanical resistance of the Ta with high electrical and thermal conductivity of the Cu. These are important characteristics to electrical contacts, microwave absorber and heat skinks. However, the low wettability of Ta under Cu liquid and insolubility mutual these elements come hard sintering this composite. High-energy milling (HEM) produces composite powders with high homogeneity and refines the grain size. This work focus to study Ta-20wt%Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical mixture and HEM with two different conditions of milling in a planetary ball mill and then their sintering using hydrogen plasma furnace and a resistive vacuum furnace. After milling, the powders were pressed in a steel dye at a pressure of 200 MPa. The cylindrical samples pressed were sintered by resistive vacuum furnace at 10-4torr with a sintering temperature at 1100?C / 60 minutes and with heat rate at 10?C/min and were sintered by plasma furnace with sintering temperatures at 550, 660 and 800?C without isotherm under hydrogen atmosphere with heat rate at 80?C/min. The characterizations of the powders produced were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser granulometry. After the sintering the samples were analyzed by SEM, XRD and density and mass loss tests. The results had shown that to high intense milling condition produced composite particles with shorter milling time and amorphization of both phases after 50 hours of milling. The composite particles can produce denser structure than mixed powders, if heated above the Cu melting point. After the Cu to arrive in the melting point, liquid copper leaves the composite particles and fills the pores / O comp?sito Ta-Cu alia a alta resist?ncia mec?nica do Ta com a alta condutividade t?rmica e el?trica do Cu. Estas s?o caracter?sticas importantes para contatos el?tricos, absorvedores de microondas ou dissipadores de calor. Todavia, a baixa molhabilidade do Cu l?quido no Ta s?lido e a m?tua insolubilidade desses elementos tornam dif?cil a densifica??o deste material. A moagem de alta energia (MAE) produz p?s comp?sitos com alta homogeneidade e refina o tamanho de gr?o. Este trabalho faz um estudo sobre p?s comp?sitos Ta-20%Cu preparados por mistura mec?nica e moagem de alta energia com duas condi??es distintas de moagem em um moinho do tipo planet?rio e sua posterior sinteriza??o em um forno a plasma de hidrog?nio e em um forno resistivo sob v?cuo. Amostras cil?ndricas foram obtidas usando uma press?o de 200 MPa. Elas foram sinterizadas em forno resistivo a 1100?C por 60 minutos sob um v?cuo de 10-4torr com uma taxa de aquecimento de 10?C/min e em um forno a plasma de H2 a 550, 660 e 800?C sem tempo de isoterma de sinteriza??o com uma taxa de aquecimento de 80?C/min. Para caracteriza??o dos p?s produzidos foram realizadas microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), difra??es de raios x (DRX) e granulometria a laser. Ap?s a sinteriza??o as amostras foram analisadas atrav?s de MEV, DRX, densidade e perda m?ssica. Os resultados mostram que para condi??o de moagem mais intensa part?culas comp?sitas s?o produzidas com poucas horas de moagem e h? uma amorfiza??o do t?ntalo e do cobre ap?s 50 horas de moagem. A MAE produz part?culas comp?sitas com uma densidade estrutural maior do que os p?s misturados, se as amostras forem aquecidas acima do ponto de fus?o do cobre. Ap?s o cobre atingir o ponto de fus?o, o cobre l?quido deixa as part?culas comp?sitas e preenche os poros

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilbertoM_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 494543 bytes, checksum: da2d1ceb188b373977eacdb9f150846c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / In this work, was studied the formation of a composite of the refractory metal niobium with copper, through the process of high-energy milling and liquid phase sintering. The HEM can be used to synthesize composite powders with high homogeneity and fine size particle distribution. It may also produce the solid solubility in immiscible systems such as Nb-Cu, or extend the solubility of systems with limited solubility. Therefore, in the immiscible system Cu-Nb, the high-energy milling was successfully used to obtain the composite powder particles. Initially, the formation of composite particles during the HEM and the effect of preparation technique on the microstructure of the material was evaluated. Four loads of Nb and Cu powders containing 20%wt Cu were synthesized by MAE in a planetary type ball mill under different periods of grinding. The influence of grinding time on the metal particles is evaluated during the process by the withdrawal of samples at intermediate times of milling. After compaction under different forces, the samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace. The liquid phase sintering of these samples prepared by HEM produced a homogeneous and fine grained. The composite particles forming the sintered samples are the addition of a hard phase (Nb) with a high melting point, and a ductile phase (Cu) with low melting point and high thermal and electrical conductivities. Based on these properties, the Nb-Cu system is a potential material for many applications, such as electrical contacts, welding electrodes, coils for generating high magnetic fields, heat sinks and microwave absorbers, which are coupled to electronic devices. The characterization techniques used in this study, were laser granulometry, used to evaluate the homogeneity and particle size, and the X-ray diffraction, in the phase identification and to analyze the crystalline structure of the powders during milling. The morphology and dispersion of the phases in the composite powder particles, as well the microstructures of the sintered samples, were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the sintered samples are evaluated for density and densification. And finally, they were characterized by techniques of measuring the electrical conductivity and microhardness, whose properties are analyzed as a function of the parameters for obtaining the composite / Neste trabalho, foi estudada a forma??o de um comp?sito do metal refrat?rio ni?bio com o cobre, atrav?s do processo de moagem de alta energia e sinteriza??o por fase l?quida. A MAE pode ser usada para sintetizar p?s comp?sitos com alta homogeneidade e fina distribui??o de tamanho de part?culas. Ela tamb?m pode produzir a solubilidade s?lida em sistemas imisc?veis como o Nb-Cu, ou, estender a solubilidade de sistemas com limitada solubilidade. Portanto, no sistema imisc?vel Nb-Cu, a moagem de alta energia foi utilizada com sucesso para a obten??o das part?culas do p? comp?sito. Inicialmente a forma??o das part?culas comp?sitas durante a MAE e o efeito dessa t?cnica de prepara??o na microestrutura do material foi avaliada. Quatro cargas de p?s de Nb e Cu contendo 20% em massa de Cu foram sintetizados por MAE em um moinho de bolas tipo planet?rio, sob diferentes per?odos de moagem. A influ?ncia do tempo de moagem nas part?culas met?licas ? avaliada no decorrer do processo, atrav?s da retirada de amostras em tempos parciais da moagem. Ap?s a compacta??o sob diferentes for?as, as amostras foram sinterizadas em um forno ? v?cuo. A sinteriza??o por fase l?quida destas amostras preparadas por MAE produziu uma estrutura homog?nea e com granula??o refinada. As part?culas comp?sitas que formam as amostras sinterizadas, s?o a jun??o de uma fase dura (Nb) com alto ponto de fus?o, e uma fase d?ctil (Cu) de baixo ponto de fus?o e de elevadas condutividades t?rmica e el?trica. Com base nestas propriedades, o sistema Nb-Cu ? um material em potencial para in?meras aplica??es, como contatos el?tricos, eletrodos de solda, bobinas para gera??o de altos campos magn?ticos, dissipadores de calor e absorvedores de microondas, que s?o acoplados a dispositivos eletr?nicos. As t?cnicas de caracteriza??o utilizadas neste estudo, foram a granulometria ? laser para avaliar a homogeneidade e o tamanho das part?culas, e a difra??o de raios-X, na identifica??o das fases e an?lise da estrutura cristalina dos p?s durante a moagem. J? a morfologia e a dispers?o das fases nas part?culas do p? comp?sito, assim como as microestruturas das amostras sinterizadas, foram observadas atrav?s de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Posteriormente, as amostras sinterizadas foram avaliadas quanto ? densidade e densifica??o. E, finalmente, foram caracterizadas atrav?s de t?cnicas de medi??o da condutividade el?trica e microdureza Vickers, cujas propriedades s?o analisadas em fun??o dos par?metros de obten??o do comp?sito