Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas yra teoriškai ir praktiškai išnagrinėti kaip ir kokius žinomus užklausų srautų aptarnavimo sprendimo būdus galima realizuoti JAVA programavimo kalbos priemonėmis. Darbo metu iškeltus uždavinius sudaro konkurentiškumą valdančių modelių išnagrinėjimas, jų realizavimo JAVA programavimo kalbos priemonėmis analizė, realiai veikiančių komponentų sumodeliavimas ir sukūrimas, sukurtų konkurentiškumą valdančių komponentų tyrimas, išvadų bei rekomendacijų pateikimas siekiant perteikti darbo metu įgytas žinias kaip galima parametrizuoti užklausų srautų aptarnavimo komponentą užtikrinant optimalų išteklių panaudojimo, pralaidumo bei uždelsimo balansą. Darbo metu buvo nagrinėjami dviejų tipų konkurentiškumą valdantys modeliai, t.y. gijos pagrindu bei du įvykių išskyrimo ir reagavimo pagrindu realizuoti modeliai, kur pastarieji du buvo suprojektuoti atsižvelgiant į Douglas Schmidto siūlomas reaktoriaus ir proaktoriaus projektavimo schemas. Išanalizavus JAVA programavimo kalbos galimybes, paaiškėjo, kad visus modelius galima kuo puikiausiai sumodeliuoti ir realizuoti panaudojant sinchroninį besiblokuojantį įvedimo ir išvedimo posistemį, sinchroninį nesiblokuojantį įvedimo ir išvedimo posistemį (NIO) ir asinchroninį įvedimo ir išvedimo posistemį (AIO4J). Minėtas aukščiau konkurentiškumą valdantis komponentas buvo realiai panaudotas ir išbandytas sukurtame supaprastintame HTTP serveryje, kaip komponentas atsakingas už ryšio užmezgimą bei užklausų apdorojimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze how many of known solutions for request stream handling can be implemented in JAVA programming language. Also, in addition to it, this master thesis analyzes the way those solutions can be implemented using JAVA programming language. There are defined tasks to investigate in the scope of this thesis, which include following: exploration of well known concurrency managing models; analysis of their implementation possibilities in JAVA by designing and creating real working components; their implementation workflow research under various stress loaded conditions and, finally, supply recommendations for optimal parameterization for mentioned component to gain the best possible balance of resource utilization, throughput and latency. There were analyzed basically two types of concurrency managing models in this work, i.e. thread based and two models based on event notification principle, designed using Douglas Schmidt reactor and proactor design patterns. During exploration of JAVA programming language possibilities to implement above mentioned models a special attention was paid to the new input/output system (NIO) which provides synchronous non-blocking input/output operations, whereas to process operations asynchronously there was explored asynchronous execution of input/output operations by using JAVA non-native external AIO4J library created by IBM corporation. In order to perform stress and performance benchmarks for created... [to full text]

Autômatos não-seqüenciais constituem um domínio semântico categorial do tipo não-intercalação para sistemas reativos, comunicantes e concorrentes.É baseado em sistemas de transições etiquetados, inspirado em "Redes de Petri são Monóides" de Meseguer e Montanari, onde as operações de sincronização e encapsulação são funtoriais e as reificações constituem uma classe de morfismos especiais. Do que se tem conhecimento, é o primeiro modelo de concorrência a satisfazer a composicionalidade diagonal, ou seja, onde as reificações compõem (verticalmente) e distribuem-se sobre a composição paralela (verticalmente). Adjunções entre autômatos não-seqüenciais, redes de Petri e autômatos seqüenciais são introduzidas estendendo a abordagem de Winskel, Nielsen e Sassone onde é proposta uma classificação formal para modelos de concorrência. Dos passos que envolvem a passagem de um modelo para outro, pode-se inferir que os autômatos não-seqüenciais são mais concretos do que as redes de Petri e os autômatos seqüenciais. Para experimentar o domínio semântico proposto, é dada semântica a uma linguagem concorrente, baseada nos objetos, denominada Náutilus. Trata-se de uma versão simplificada e revisada da linguagem de especificação orientada aos objetos GNOME, onde são introduzidos algumas facilidades especiais, inspiradas no domínio semântico, como a reificação e a agregação. Neste contexto, a composicionalidade diagonal é uma propriedade essencial para dar a semântica. / Nonsequential automata constitute a non-interleaving categorial semantic domain for reactive, communicating and concurrent systems. It is based on labeled transition systems, inspired by Meseguer and Montanari's "Petri Nets are Monoids", where synchronization and encapsulation operations are functorial and a class of morphisms stands for reification. It is, for our knowledge, the first model for concurrency which satisfies the diagonal compositionality requirement, i. e., reifications compose (vertical) and distribute over the parallel composition (horizontal). Adjunctions between nonsequential automata, Petri nets and sequential automata are provided extending the approach of Winskel, Nielsen and Sassone where a scene for a formal classification of models for concurrency is set. The steps of abstraction involved in moving between models show that nonsequential automata are more concrete than Petri nets and sequential automata. To experiment with the proposed semantic domain, a semantics for a concurrent, object-based language named Nautilus is given. It is a simplified and revised version of the object-oriented specification language GNOME, introducing some special features inspired by the semantic domain such as reification and aggregation. The diagonal compositionality is an essential property to give semantics in this context.

La programmation orientée langage (Language-Oriented Programming – LOP) préconise l’utilisation de langages de modélisation dédiés exécutables (eXecutable Domain-Specific Modeling Languages – xDSMLs) pour la conception, le développement, la vérification et la validation de systèmes hautement concurrents. De tels systèmes placent l’expression de la concurrence dans les langages informatiques au coeur du processus d’ingénierie logicielle, par exemple à l’aide de formalismes dédiés appelés modèles de concurrence (Models of Concurrency – MoCs). Ceux-ci permettent une analyse poussée du comportement des systèmes durant les phases de vérification et de validation, mais demeurent complexes à comprendre, utiliser, et maîtriser. Dans cette thèse, nous développons et étendons une approche qui vise à faire collaborer l’approche LOP et les MoCs à travers le développement de xDSMLs dans lesquels la concurrence est spécifiée de façon explicite (Concurrency-aware xDSMLs). Dans de tels langages, on spécifie l’utilisation systématique d’un MoC au niveau de la sémantique d’exécution du langage, facilitant l’expérience pour l’utilisateur final qui n’a alors pas besoin d’appréhender et de maîtriser l’utilisation du MoC choisi.Un tel langage peut être raffiné lors de la phase de déploiement, pour s’adapter à la plateforme utilisée, et les systèmes décrits peuvent être analysés sur la base du MoC utilisé. / Language-Oriented Programming (LOP) advocates designing eXecutable Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (xDSMLs) to facilitate the design, development, verification and validation of modern softwareintensive and highly-concurrent systems. These systems place their needs of rich concurrency constructs at the heart of modern software engineering processes. To ease theirdevelopment, theoretical computer science has studied the use of dedicated paradigms for the specification of concurrent systems, called Models of Concurrency (MoCs). They enable the use of concurrencyaware analyses such as detecting deadlocks or starvation situations, but are complex to understand and master. In this thesis, we develop and extend an approach that aims at reconciling LOP and MoCs by designing so-called Concurrencyaware xDSMLs. In these languages, the systematic use of a MoC is specified at the language level, removing from the end-user the burden of understanding or using MoCs. It also allows the refinement of the language for specific execution platforms, and enables the use of concurrency-aware analyses on the systems.

Esta Dissertação apresenta um modelo de paralelismo de grão fino para utilização em aplicações baseadas em objetos distribuídos. A pesquisa é desenvolvida sobre o modelo de distribuição de objetos da linguagem DPC++, uma extensão de C++ concebida na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A motivação para o desenvolvimento deste modelo é a crescente disponibilidade de arquiteturas multiprocessadas e de tecnologias de comunicação de alto desempenho, o que permite o aproveitamento eficiente de um nível de concorrência de menor granularidade. O objetivo do trabalho é integrar de forma adequada e eficiente a utilização de tal nível de concorrência no modelo original de distribuição de objetos de DPC++, permitindo que as aplicações desenvolvidas com a linguagem possam explorar ao máximo o poder computacional oferecido pelas arquiteturas citadas. Como principais características, o modelo proposto apresenta a capacidade de concorrência entre os métodos de um mesmo objeto distribuído e a introdução de um mecanismo de sincronização baseado na semântica de monitores. Os resultados obtidos com a implementação de uma aplicação de geração de fractais de Mandelbrot demonstram que, em termos de desempenho, o modelo apresentado efetivamente atinge seus objetivos. Além disso, a extinção a sintaxe original de programação de DPC++ revela importante contribuição no sentido de aumentar o poder de expressão da linguagem para o desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas. / This Thesis presents a fine-grain concurrency model for applications based on distributed objects. The basis for the development of this research is the model of distribution of objects presented by the language DPC++, an extension of C++ conceived at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The motivation for the development of this model is the growing availability of multiprocessor architectures and high-performance communication technologies, which allows for the efficient use of a finer grain of concurrency. The purpose of this work is to efficiently integrate such level of concurrency into the original model of distribution of objects of DPC++, making it possible for the applications developed with the language to thoroughly explore the computational power offered by the mentioned architectures. As main features the proposed model presents the possibility of concurrency between the methods of a single distributed object and the introduction of a synchronisation mechanism based on the semantics of monitors. The results obtained with the implementation of aMandelbrot fractal generation application showthat, in relation to performance, the presented model effectively reaches its purposes. In addition, the extension to the original programming sintax of DPC++ reveals an important contribution towards a higher expressivity degree in the development of parallel applications.

Autômatos não-seqüenciais constituem um domínio semântico categorial do tipo não-intercalação para sistemas reativos, comunicantes e concorrentes.É baseado em sistemas de transições etiquetados, inspirado em "Redes de Petri são Monóides" de Meseguer e Montanari, onde as operações de sincronização e encapsulação são funtoriais e as reificações constituem uma classe de morfismos especiais. Do que se tem conhecimento, é o primeiro modelo de concorrência a satisfazer a composicionalidade diagonal, ou seja, onde as reificações compõem (verticalmente) e distribuem-se sobre a composição paralela (verticalmente). Adjunções entre autômatos não-seqüenciais, redes de Petri e autômatos seqüenciais são introduzidas estendendo a abordagem de Winskel, Nielsen e Sassone onde é proposta uma classificação formal para modelos de concorrência. Dos passos que envolvem a passagem de um modelo para outro, pode-se inferir que os autômatos não-seqüenciais são mais concretos do que as redes de Petri e os autômatos seqüenciais. Para experimentar o domínio semântico proposto, é dada semântica a uma linguagem concorrente, baseada nos objetos, denominada Náutilus. Trata-se de uma versão simplificada e revisada da linguagem de especificação orientada aos objetos GNOME, onde são introduzidos algumas facilidades especiais, inspiradas no domínio semântico, como a reificação e a agregação. Neste contexto, a composicionalidade diagonal é uma propriedade essencial para dar a semântica. / Nonsequential automata constitute a non-interleaving categorial semantic domain for reactive, communicating and concurrent systems. It is based on labeled transition systems, inspired by Meseguer and Montanari's "Petri Nets are Monoids", where synchronization and encapsulation operations are functorial and a class of morphisms stands for reification. It is, for our knowledge, the first model for concurrency which satisfies the diagonal compositionality requirement, i. e., reifications compose (vertical) and distribute over the parallel composition (horizontal). Adjunctions between nonsequential automata, Petri nets and sequential automata are provided extending the approach of Winskel, Nielsen and Sassone where a scene for a formal classification of models for concurrency is set. The steps of abstraction involved in moving between models show that nonsequential automata are more concrete than Petri nets and sequential automata. To experiment with the proposed semantic domain, a semantics for a concurrent, object-based language named Nautilus is given. It is a simplified and revised version of the object-oriented specification language GNOME, introducing some special features inspired by the semantic domain such as reification and aggregation. The diagonal compositionality is an essential property to give semantics in this context.

Esta Dissertação apresenta um modelo de paralelismo de grão fino para utilização em aplicações baseadas em objetos distribuídos. A pesquisa é desenvolvida sobre o modelo de distribuição de objetos da linguagem DPC++, uma extensão de C++ concebida na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A motivação para o desenvolvimento deste modelo é a crescente disponibilidade de arquiteturas multiprocessadas e de tecnologias de comunicação de alto desempenho, o que permite o aproveitamento eficiente de um nível de concorrência de menor granularidade. O objetivo do trabalho é integrar de forma adequada e eficiente a utilização de tal nível de concorrência no modelo original de distribuição de objetos de DPC++, permitindo que as aplicações desenvolvidas com a linguagem possam explorar ao máximo o poder computacional oferecido pelas arquiteturas citadas. Como principais características, o modelo proposto apresenta a capacidade de concorrência entre os métodos de um mesmo objeto distribuído e a introdução de um mecanismo de sincronização baseado na semântica de monitores. Os resultados obtidos com a implementação de uma aplicação de geração de fractais de Mandelbrot demonstram que, em termos de desempenho, o modelo apresentado efetivamente atinge seus objetivos. Além disso, a extinção a sintaxe original de programação de DPC++ revela importante contribuição no sentido de aumentar o poder de expressão da linguagem para o desenvolvimento de aplicações paralelas. / This Thesis presents a fine-grain concurrency model for applications based on distributed objects. The basis for the development of this research is the model of distribution of objects presented by the language DPC++, an extension of C++ conceived at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The motivation for the development of this model is the growing availability of multiprocessor architectures and high-performance communication technologies, which allows for the efficient use of a finer grain of concurrency. The purpose of this work is to efficiently integrate such level of concurrency into the original model of distribution of objects of DPC++, making it possible for the applications developed with the language to thoroughly explore the computational power offered by the mentioned architectures. As main features the proposed model presents the possibility of concurrency between the methods of a single distributed object and the introduction of a synchronisation mechanism based on the semantics of monitors. The results obtained with the implementation of aMandelbrot fractal generation application showthat, in relation to performance, the presented model effectively reaches its purposes. In addition, the extension to the original programming sintax of DPC++ reveals an important contribution towards a higher expressivity degree in the development of parallel applications.

Le concept de réversibilité est ancien, mais il soulève de nos jours beaucoup d'intérêt. Il est en effet exploité dans de nombreux domaines tels que la conception de circuits, le débogage et le test de programmes, la simulation et l'informatique quantique. L'idée d'un modèle de programmation réversible peut se montrer particulièrement intéressante pour la construction de systèmes sûrs de fonctionnement, ne serait-ce que parce que plusieurs techniques connues pour la construction de tels systèmes exploitent une forme ou une autre de retour en arrière ou de reprise. Nous poursuivons dans cette thèse l'étude entreprise avec CCS réversible par Vincent Danos et Jean Krivine, en définissant un pi-calcul d'ordre supérieur réversible (rhopi). Nous prouvons que le modèle obtenu est causalement cohérent, et que l'on peut encoder fidèlement rhopi dans une variante du pi-calcul d'ordre supérieur. Nous définissons également une primitive de reprise à grain fin qui permet de contrôler le retour en arrière dans une exécution concurrente. Nous spécifions formellement la sémantique de cette primitive, et nous montrons qu'elle possède de bonnes propriétés, y compris en présence d'opérations de reprise concurrentes. Enfin nous définissons un algorithme concurrent implantant cette primitive de reprise et ous montrons que cet algorithme respecte la sémantique définie. / Reversible computing has a long history. Nowadays, reversible computing is attracting increasing interest because of its potential applications in diverse fields, including hardware design, biological modelling, program debugging and testing and quantum computing. Of particular interest is the application of reversible computation notions to the study of programming abstractions for dependable systems, because several techniques used to build dependable systems rely on some forms of undo or rollback. We continue, in this thesis, the study undertaken on reversible CCS by Vincent Danos and Jean Krivine, by defining a reversible higher-order pi-calculus (rhopi). We prove that reversibility in our calculus is causally consistent and that one can encode faithfully rhopi into a variant of HOpi. Moreover we design a fine-grained rollback primitive able to control the rollback of a concurrent execution. We give a formal specification of this primitive and show that it enjoys good properties, even in presence of concurrent conflicting rollbacks. We then devise a concurrent algorithm implementing such primitive and show that the algorithm respects the defined semantics.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions l’isolation mémoire et les mesures de communications efficaces par passage de message dans le contexte des environnements à mémoire partagée et la programmation orientée-objets. L’état de l’art en la matière se base presque exclusivement sur deux techniques complémentaires dites de propriété des objets (ownership) et d’unicité de références (reference uniqueness) afin d’adresser les problèmes de sécurité dans les programmes concurrents. Il est frappant de constater que la grande majorité des travaux existants emploient des méthodes de vérification statique des programmes, qui requirent soit un effort d’annotations soit l’introduction de fortes contraintes sur la forme et les références vers messages échangés. Notre contribution avec SIAAM est la démonstration d’une solution d’isolation réalisée uniquement à l’exécution et basée sur le modèle de programmation par acteurs. Cette solution purement dynamique ne nécessite ni annotations ni vérification statique des programmes. SIAAM permet la communication sans copie de messages de forme arbitraire. Nous présentons la sémantique formelle de SIAAM ainsi qu’une preuve d’isolation vérifiée avec l’assistant COQ. L’implantation du modèle de programmation pour le langage Java est réalisé dans la machine virtuelle JikesRVM. Enfin nous décrivons un ensemble d’analyses statiques qui réduit automatiquement le cout à l’exécution de notre approche. / In this thesis we study state isolation and efficient message-passing in the context of concurrent object-oriented programming. The ’ownership’ and ’reference uniqueness’ techniques have been extensively employed to address concurrency safety in the past. Strikingly the vast majority of the previous works rely on a set of statically checkable typing rules, either requiring an annotation overhead or introducing strong restrictions on the shape and the aliasing of the exchanged messages.Our contribution with SIAAM is the demonstration of a purely runtime, actor-based, annotation-free, aliasing-proof approach to concurrent state isolation allowing efficient communication of arbitrary objects graphs. We present the formal semantic of SIAAM, along with a machine-checked proof of isolation. An implementation of the model has been realized in a state-of-the-art Java virtual-machine and a set of custom static analyses automatically reduce the runtime overhead.

An embedded system is an application-specific system that is typically dedicated to performing a particular task. Majority of embedded systems are also real-time, implying that timeliness in the system need to be enforced. An embedded system needs to be enforced efficient management of a large amount of data, including maintenance of data freshness in an environment with limited CPU and memory resources. Uniform and efficient data maintenance can be ensured by integrating database management functionality with the system. Furthermore, the resources can be utilized more efficiently if the redundant calculations can be avoided. On-demand updating and active behavior are two solutions that aim at decreasing the number of calculations on data items in embedded systems. COMET is a COMponent-based Embedded real-Time database, developed to meet the increasing requirements for efficient data management in embedded real-time systems. The COMET platform has been developed using a novel software engineering technique, AspeCtual COmponent-based Real-time software Development (ACCORD), which enables creating database configurations, using software components and aspects from the library, based on the requirements of an application. Although COMET provides uniform and efficient data management for real-time and embedded systems, it does not provide support for on-demand and active behavior. This thesis is focusing on design, implementation, and evaluation of two new COMET configurations, on-demand updating of data and active behavior. The configurations are created by extending the COMET component and aspect library with a set of aspects that implement on-demand and active behavior. The on-demand updating aspect implements the ODDFT algorithm, which traverses the data dependency graph in the depth-first manner, and triggers and schedules on-demand updates based on data freshness in the value domain. The active behavior aspect enables the database to take actions when an event occurs and a condition coupled with that event and action is fulfilled. As we show in the performance evaluation, integrating on-demand and active behavior in COMET improves the performance of the database system, gives a better utilization of the CPU, and makes the management of data more efficient.

La sémantique des jeux permet l'étude et la modélisation abstraite des langages de programmation d'un point de vue mathématique, en gardant assez d'informations concrètes sur la structure des programmes, mais en laissant de côté les détails superflus. Durant mon doctorat, j'ai travaillé sur l'association de la sémantique des jeux avec les structures d'événements pour proposer des modèles dénotationnels vraiment concurrents de langages concurrents d'ordresupérieur. Dans un premier temps, je construis un modèle réalisant cette association, qui retient suffisamment d'informations sur le comportement des programmes pour interpréter adéquatement une grande variété de langages concurrents et non déterministes pour des notions fines de convergences. La construction de ce modèle se base surl'introduction de symétrie afin d'établir que le modèle forme une catégorie cartésienne fermée. Dans un second temps, je propose une généralisation dans ce cadre des notions d'innocence et de bon parenthésage, essentielles en sémantiquedes jeux pour comprendre les effets calculatoires, et résolvant ainsi des problèmes ouverts de la sémantique des jeux concernant l'innocence concurrente et non-déterministe. Dans un dernier temps je propose une interprétation dans ce modèle, de langages concurrents avec mémoire faible, un des premiers travaux de sémantique dénotationnelle pour ce type de langages. Bien que théoriques, ces modèles sont compositionnels et basés sur des ordres partiels, et donc pourraient permettre de faire passer la vérification de programmes concurrents à l'échelle (une problématique importante du domaine). / Game semantics is an effective tool to study and model abstractly programming languages from a mathematical point of view, by keeping enough concrete information on the structure of programs but yet leaving aside superfluous details. During my PhD thesis, I worked on merging game semantics with event structures to propose truly concurrent denotational models of higher-order concurrent languages. In the first part, I build a model based on this merge, retaining enough information about the behaviour of programs to interpret adequately a large variety of concurrent programming languages for various notions of convergence. The construction of this model is based on the introduction of symmetry to prove that the model is indeed in a cartesian-closed category. In the second part, I propose a generalization, in this setting, of innocence and well-bracketing, key notions in game semantics to understand the computational effects, and thusly closing openproblems of game semantics about concurrent and nondeterministic innocence.In the last part, I propose an interpretation in this model of concurrent languages with weak shared memory, one of the first works of denotational semantics for these kinds of languages. Althoughtheoretical, these models are compositional and based on partial orders, and thus could permit scaling verification of concurrent programs (an important problem of the domain).