Dissertation (Ph.D. )--University of South Florida, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-13T17:04:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T17:04:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 197.pdf: 2558637 bytes, checksum: 2898ec090dce064508ba7eef51ba68db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esta tese tem como foco o Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança. O recorte temporal se inicia em 1975, ano de início efetivo do CPAIMC, e finaliza em 1994, ano do seu fechamento. Envolto em polêmicas, acusado de realizar esterilizações em massa em populações pobres da cidade, alvo de uma Comissão Parlamentar Mista de Inquérito pelo poder legislativo federal e com dificuldades financeiras, fechou suas portas em 1994. Criado por Hélio Aguinaga junto ao Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, defendo a hipótese de que o CPAIMC se caracterizou como um espaço ambivalente em que postulados de atenção primária em saúde, integralidade e atendimento às populações marginalizadas conviviam com um projeto de controle populacional sob influência de entidades internacionais envolvidas com projetos de controle demográfico, principais financiadoras de suas atividades. Inicialmente, abordo a constituição da percepção de que o mundo passava por excesso populacional e a organização de entidades internacionais engajadas em frear o crescimento populacional dos países do chamado terceiro mundo. Em seguida, analiso a recepção dessa tese dentro do Brasil a partir de alguns setores sociais, como economistas, a Igreja e, em especial, médicos ginecologistas obstetras. O segundo capítulo trata da estrutura de funcionamento e do financiamento do CPAIMC, assim como o seu ocaso. O terceiro capítulo trata dos fundamentos ideológicos que justificavam a existência do CPAIMC, tendo como foco a figura de Hélio Aguinaga, seu diretor-geral. Por fim, abordo os movimentos de oposição ao projeto do CPAIMC, a já referida CPMI no início da década de 1990 e que culminaram na criação da Lei de Planejamento Familiar em 1996. / This thesis focuses on the Centre for Research and Integral Care for Women and Children (Centro de Pesquisas e Atenção Integral à Mulher e à Criança - CPAIMC).The time frame of this research begins in 1975, year of effective beginning of CPAIMC’s activities, and ends in 1994. Involved in controversies, accused of mass sterilization of poor women of Rio de Janeiro, target of a Mixed Parliamentary Commission of Enquiry (CPMI) by the Federal Legislative Power and facing financial troubles, closed its doors in 1994. Created by Hélio Aguinaga next to Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s St. Francis Hospital (Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), I support the hypothesis that CPAIMC was a ambivalent institution in which postulates like primary health care, integral health and attention to marginalized communities coexisted with a population control orientation, under influence of international agencies, involved in demographic control projects and major funder of CPAIMC. Initially I focus on how the world started to perceive by overpopulation, especially by the end of World War II and how international agencies engaged themselves in limit the population growth of Third World countries. Then, I analyze the reception of this engagement in Brazil by a series of important social actors, such as economists, Catholic Church and, specially, obstetrics and gynecology doctors. The second chapter addresses the CPAIMC’s operational a financial structure, as well as its collapse. The third chapter deals with the ideological basis that justified the existence of CPAIMC, focusing on the figure of Hélio Aguinaga, its general-director. I finalize the thesis by focusing the opposition movements against CPAIMCs activities and the CPMI in the beginning of the 1990’s that culminated on the creation of the Family Planning Law in 1996.

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as repercussões do Curso de PAISM/Contracepção, nas práticas, conhecimentos e percepções dos profissionais que desenvolvem atividades educativas nas ações de contracepção, no que diz respeito à saúde e aos direitos na esfera da sexualidade, da reprodução e do gênero; e identificar através dos relatos dos profissionais, os conhecimentos sobre a história do PAISM e do planejamento familiar, o quadro jurídico e normativo, as temáticas e a metodologia do trabalho educativo. Foi um estudo descritivo, com abordagem etnográfica. O corpus de análise foi composto pelo registro da observação participante, entrevistas e análise documental. O universo empírico contou com três cenários no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro: o Espaço Mulher, grupos educativos de contracepção de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, e grupos coordenados por profissionais treinadas no referido curso e como informantes, sete enfermeiras e quatro assistentes sociais. Segundo os relatos das informantes, a mudança de visão sobre alguns temas abordados e a aquisição de novos conhecimentos como possibilidade para a mudança de suas práticas, foram as principais contribuições do curso. Esta tese comprovou parcial conhecimento a respeito dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; do marco histórico, quadro jurídico e normativo do PAISM. No que se refere ao aborto, o discurso predominante foi no sentido contrário a sua prática, em geral por argumentos de natureza religiosa. A sexualidade para a maioria das informantes é relacional e para além do sexo, uma expressão de marca típica do gênero feminino. O tom dominante nos discursos das informantes restringiu-se ao domínio de ações informativas no âmbito da prevenção de doenças e gravidez e à esfera humanitária, numa retórica próxima ao do discurso da moral religiosa cristã. A ética cristã de acolhimento e tolerância à liberdade individual independe do pertencimento religioso, e de certo modo, pode-se articular esse ethos ao discurso dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Embora apresentando um discurso fundado em valores cristãos (tolerância, compreensão e acolhimento) e mesmo não tendo uma posição política e/ou acadêmica na esfera dos direitos, ou até mesmo não (re) conhecendo alguns deles, as informantes parecem ter uma prática que, de certa forma, expressa uma postura de respeito. Mesmo assim, a abordagem dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos precisa ser mais explícita e melhor discutida nos cursos de capacitação. Os profissionais que atuam nos grupos educativos em contracepção são atores sociais que podem/devem contribuir à garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, para que se alcance a tão proclamada noção de integralidade em saúde. No entanto, para isto, é preciso que as práticas sejam estruturadas segundo o marco cognitivo emancipatório (BONAN, 2005), no sentido de evitar a manutenção de desigualdades sociais e de gênero, principalmente no que tange às questões da sexualidade e da reprodução. Este desafio está posto aos gestores de atenção à saúde da mulher e aos órgãos de formação em saúde. / The aim of this research is to analyze the repercussions of the Course PAISM/Contraception in the practices, understandings and perceptions of the professionals who develop educational activities in contraceptive actions, concerning health and rights in the ambit of sexuality, reproduction and gender; it also aims to identify, through the professionals report, knowledge about the history of PAISM and family planning, the juridical and normative framework, the thematic and methodology of educational work. It is a descriptive study, with an ethnographic approach. The corpus for analysis was composed of the record of participating observation, interviews and documental analysis. The empirical investigation figured on three settings of the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Ministry: Espaço Mulher, educational groups for contraception in two Basic Health Units, and groups coordinated by professionals who were trained at the referred course; as informants, there were seven nurses and four social assistants. According to the informants report, the change in view about some of the themes approached and the acquisition of new information as a possibility of change in their practices, were the main contributions of the course. This thesis has verified partial awareness on the question of sexual and reproductive rights; of PAISM historic importance, its juridical and normative framework. Concerning the question of abortion, the predominant discourse was against its practice, generally in view of arguments of a religious nature. Sexuality, for most informants, is relational and beyond sex, an expression typically proper to the female gender. The dominant note of the informants discourse was restricted to the ambit of informative actions on prevention of pregnancy and diseases, and to the humanitarian sphere, in a rhetoric near to the discourse of religious Christian moral. The Christian ethics of acquiescence and tolerance to individual freedom does not depend upon religious belonging and, in a way, it is possible to articulate this ethos to the discourse of sexual and reproductive rights. In spite of presenting a Christian-founded discourse (tolerance, understanding and acquiescence) and even though not having a political and/or academic position in the sphere of rights or, furthermore, not recognizing some of them, the informants appear to have a practice which, in some way, expresses an attitude of respect. Nonetheless, the approach to sexual and reproductive rights must be more explicit and further discussed in the development courses. The professionals who act in educational groups for contraception are social actors who can/must contribute to guarantee the sexual and reproductive rights, in order for the much acclaimed notion of health integrity to be reached. However, for this to happen, it is necessary that the practices be structured in accordance to the cognitive emancipation mark (BONAN, 2005), in such a way as to avoid the upholding of social and gender iniquities, principally regarding the questions of sexuality and reproduction. This challenge is thus set to the managers of attention to womens health and to the organs of professional health studies.

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as repercussões do Curso de PAISM/Contracepção, nas práticas, conhecimentos e percepções dos profissionais que desenvolvem atividades educativas nas ações de contracepção, no que diz respeito à saúde e aos direitos na esfera da sexualidade, da reprodução e do gênero; e identificar através dos relatos dos profissionais, os conhecimentos sobre a história do PAISM e do planejamento familiar, o quadro jurídico e normativo, as temáticas e a metodologia do trabalho educativo. Foi um estudo descritivo, com abordagem etnográfica. O corpus de análise foi composto pelo registro da observação participante, entrevistas e análise documental. O universo empírico contou com três cenários no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro: o Espaço Mulher, grupos educativos de contracepção de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, e grupos coordenados por profissionais treinadas no referido curso e como informantes, sete enfermeiras e quatro assistentes sociais. Segundo os relatos das informantes, a mudança de visão sobre alguns temas abordados e a aquisição de novos conhecimentos como possibilidade para a mudança de suas práticas, foram as principais contribuições do curso. Esta tese comprovou parcial conhecimento a respeito dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; do marco histórico, quadro jurídico e normativo do PAISM. No que se refere ao aborto, o discurso predominante foi no sentido contrário a sua prática, em geral por argumentos de natureza religiosa. A sexualidade para a maioria das informantes é relacional e para além do sexo, uma expressão de marca típica do gênero feminino. O tom dominante nos discursos das informantes restringiu-se ao domínio de ações informativas no âmbito da prevenção de doenças e gravidez e à esfera humanitária, numa retórica próxima ao do discurso da moral religiosa cristã. A ética cristã de acolhimento e tolerância à liberdade individual independe do pertencimento religioso, e de certo modo, pode-se articular esse ethos ao discurso dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Embora apresentando um discurso fundado em valores cristãos (tolerância, compreensão e acolhimento) e mesmo não tendo uma posição política e/ou acadêmica na esfera dos direitos, ou até mesmo não (re) conhecendo alguns deles, as informantes parecem ter uma prática que, de certa forma, expressa uma postura de respeito. Mesmo assim, a abordagem dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos precisa ser mais explícita e melhor discutida nos cursos de capacitação. Os profissionais que atuam nos grupos educativos em contracepção são atores sociais que podem/devem contribuir à garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, para que se alcance a tão proclamada noção de integralidade em saúde. No entanto, para isto, é preciso que as práticas sejam estruturadas segundo o marco cognitivo emancipatório (BONAN, 2005), no sentido de evitar a manutenção de desigualdades sociais e de gênero, principalmente no que tange às questões da sexualidade e da reprodução. Este desafio está posto aos gestores de atenção à saúde da mulher e aos órgãos de formação em saúde. / The aim of this research is to analyze the repercussions of the Course PAISM/Contraception in the practices, understandings and perceptions of the professionals who develop educational activities in contraceptive actions, concerning health and rights in the ambit of sexuality, reproduction and gender; it also aims to identify, through the professionals report, knowledge about the history of PAISM and family planning, the juridical and normative framework, the thematic and methodology of educational work. It is a descriptive study, with an ethnographic approach. The corpus for analysis was composed of the record of participating observation, interviews and documental analysis. The empirical investigation figured on three settings of the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Ministry: Espaço Mulher, educational groups for contraception in two Basic Health Units, and groups coordinated by professionals who were trained at the referred course; as informants, there were seven nurses and four social assistants. According to the informants report, the change in view about some of the themes approached and the acquisition of new information as a possibility of change in their practices, were the main contributions of the course. This thesis has verified partial awareness on the question of sexual and reproductive rights; of PAISM historic importance, its juridical and normative framework. Concerning the question of abortion, the predominant discourse was against its practice, generally in view of arguments of a religious nature. Sexuality, for most informants, is relational and beyond sex, an expression typically proper to the female gender. The dominant note of the informants discourse was restricted to the ambit of informative actions on prevention of pregnancy and diseases, and to the humanitarian sphere, in a rhetoric near to the discourse of religious Christian moral. The Christian ethics of acquiescence and tolerance to individual freedom does not depend upon religious belonging and, in a way, it is possible to articulate this ethos to the discourse of sexual and reproductive rights. In spite of presenting a Christian-founded discourse (tolerance, understanding and acquiescence) and even though not having a political and/or academic position in the sphere of rights or, furthermore, not recognizing some of them, the informants appear to have a practice which, in some way, expresses an attitude of respect. Nonetheless, the approach to sexual and reproductive rights must be more explicit and further discussed in the development courses. The professionals who act in educational groups for contraception are social actors who can/must contribute to guarantee the sexual and reproductive rights, in order for the much acclaimed notion of health integrity to be reached. However, for this to happen, it is necessary that the practices be structured in accordance to the cognitive emancipation mark (BONAN, 2005), in such a way as to avoid the upholding of social and gender iniquities, principally regarding the questions of sexuality and reproduction. This challenge is thus set to the managers of attention to womens health and to the organs of professional health studies.

Entre 1972 et 1984, des non médecins du Mouvement pour la liberté de l’avortement et de la contraception ont pratiqué des avortements hors de la sphère médicale, dans le même temps que la professionnalisation de l’acte s’accélérait. Au moyen d’une ethnographie historique combinant un large corpus d’entretiens rétrospectifs et d’archives, la thèse s’intéresse à la politisation de l’avortement et éclaire sa constitution en problème de santé publique. Cette étude localisée de groupes MLAC ayant revendiqué une pratique propose une analyse incarnée à la fois de l’instauration du monopole médical sur l’avortement et des résistances à ce processus. Dans le temps de la lutte, médecins comme profanes participent à l’acclimatation et à l’adaptation en France de la méthode par aspiration. Il est remarquable que, des collaborations et conflits découlant de ces interactions, l’autorisation d’accès aux savoirs élaborés en commun ait échu aux seul⋅es détenteurs/rices de titres médicaux.La thèse constitue ensuite en objet d’étude le cas exceptionnel des MLAC qui ont maintenu une pratique profane après le vote de la loi sur l’IVG et renouvelé leur radicalité malgré la phase d’institutionnalisation dans laquelle sont entrés les acquis féministes. En remettant en cause tant la spécialisation des actes corporels que la domination patriarcale des corps féminins, ces « dissidentes » affirment progressivement l’orientation féministe de leur action. Au même moment, l’infusion du self-help en France soutient la réorientation de leur registre de revendication en enrichissant leur armature idéologique. La façon dont elles se l’approprient, alliée à la politisation de l’existence quotidienne des femmes et au développement de nouvelles pratiques de soins – les accouchements notamment –, invitent à considérer les MLAC dissidents comme une mobilisation de santé. / From 1972 to 1984, unskilled members (i.e. without a medical degree) of the Movement for the Liberation of Abortion and Birth Control aborted women outside medical spheres, whereas the practice was getting more and more professional. Thanks to a historical ethnography combining a wide corpus of retrospective interviews and archives, the thesis focuses on the politicization of abortion and highlights its constitution as a matter of public health. This survey of some local committees of the MLAC which claimed this practice puts forward a deep analysis of both the establishment of the medical monopoly of abortion and protests against this process. During the fight, physicians and unskilled practitioners take part in the introduction and adaptation in France of the aspiration method. We can notice that from collaborations and conflicts resulting from these interactions, the authorized access to the technical know-how learnt in common benefited only fully qualified physicians.The thesis then looks into the outstanding subject of the MLACs which maintained the practice outside medical structures after a bill was passed in favour of IVG – i.e voluntary termination of pregnancy – and resumed their radical militancy in spite of the institutionalization step including feminist achievements. By questioning both the specialization of practices on bodies and the patriarchal domination of female bodies, these « dissidents » gradually assert the feminist orientation of their action. At the same time, the spreading of self help in France supports the reorientation of their demands and enriches their ideological basis. The way they appropriate new orientations, plus the politization of women’s daily life and the development of new caring methods – notably deliveries (childbirths) – urge us to consider dissident MLACs as a mobilization for health.

Introdução: No Brasil, o uso de métodos contraceptivos está centrado na pílula anticoncepcional oral, na laqueadura e na camisinha masculina. Métodos contraceptivos reversíveis de longa duração, como o dispositivo intrauterino, são pouco usados, ao contrário do que ocorre no contexto internacional. A literatura mostra que há várias razões para essa subutilização, dentre as quais destaca-se o escasso conhecimento das mulheres sobre o mesmo que, por sua vez, promove atitudes negativas e concepções equivocadas em relação ao método e dificulta que as mulheres optem por ele. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas de mulheres usuárias de Unidades Básicas de Saúde sobre o dispositivo intrauterino. Método: Estudo quantitativo transversal, em que amostra probabilística de 1.026 mulheres, de 18 a 49 anos de idade, usuárias de 38 Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de São Paulo, foi entrevistada por meio de um instrumento estruturado. O nível de conhecimento sobre o método foi analisado por meio de uma escala composta por sete itens, preparada por meio Teoria de Resposta ao Item e análise fatorial. As atitudes foram analisadas em função das razões relatadas pelas mulheres para usar/não usar o DIU. As práticas foram analisadas considerando o uso anterior e o uso atual. Modelos de regressão logística múltipla foram conduzidos para identificar as características sociodemográficas e da história reprodutiva associadas ao conhecimento, uso e desejo de usar o dispositivo intrauterino. Resultados: Apenas 4,5% das mulheres alcançaram o escore máximo da escala do nível de conhecimento, ao passo que 13,1% obtiveram escore zero. As mulheres mais escolarizadas, de grupo socioeconômico mais elevado, que possuíam mais de um filho e que usavam ou já haviam usado o dispositivo intrauterino mostraram maior nível de conhecimento. A maioria das entrevistadas referiu não ter o desejo de usar o dispositivo intrauterino no futuro, principalmente porque estavam satisfeitas com o método em uso e por conta dos efeitos colaterais, tal e qual mulheres que nunca usaram o método. Aquelas que usavam, que já haviam usado e que gostariam de usar o dispositivo intrauterino apresentaram maior nível de conhecimento sobre o mesmo. Conclusão: O nível de conhecimento sobre o dispositivo intrauterino é baixo e influencia as atitudes e as práticas das mulheres. Aparentemente, conhecimento, atitudes e práticas sobre o dispositivo uterino são interconectados. / Introduction: In Brazil, the use of contraceptive methods is focused on the oral pill, tubal ligation and male condom. Different from the international context, long-term reversible contraceptive methods, such as the intrauterine device, are rarely used. According to the literature, there are several reasons for this underutilization, among them, stands out the lack of women´s knowledge, which in turn promotes negative attitudes and misconceptions about the method and, consequently, makes the choose to use it more difficult. Objective: To analyze the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women users of primary health care facilities about the intrauterine device. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among a probability sample of 1,026 women aged 1849, who were users of 38 primary health care facilities of Sao Paulo City. All participants were interviewed through a structured instrument. The level of knowledge about the method was analyzed through a seven-item scale, developed through Item Response Theory and factorial analysis. The attitudes were analyzed according to the reasons reported by the women to use/not to use the intrauterine device. The practices were analyzed considering the previous use and the current use. Multiple logistic regression models were conducted to identify sociodemographic and reproductive history characteristics associated with the knowledge, use, and desire to use the intrauterine device. Results: Only 4,5% of the women achieved the maximum score on the knowledge level scale, while 13,1% scored zero. Women with more educational level, belonging to higher socioeconomic group, who had more than one child, and who used or had already used the intrauterine device showed a higher level of knowledge. Most of the interviewees reported not having the desire to use the IUD in the future, mainly because they were satisfied with the contraceptive method in use and because of the side effects; similar to women who never used the method. Those who used, who had already used and would like to use the intrauterine device had a higher level of knowledge about it. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about the intrauterine device is low and influences women\'s attitudes and practices. Apparently, knowledge, attitudes and practices about the uterine device are interconnected.

This paper aims to investigate women’s experience of digital technology as a contraceptive. Research on the female body has not always been a natural part of human– computer interaction (HCI) research but is beginning to be seen through various aids in menstruation, pregnancy and likewise (Balaam, 2017). In 2017, a mobile application was approved as a contraceptive in Sweden and by that, digital technology took a step into the industry of contraceptives (Suni, 2017). The product is made by the company Natural Cycles, which therefore has become the natural focus of this paper. This study was created to find out how women experience the first fully technological contraceptive, focusing on trust through interfaces and experience design. To answer the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was created and a focus group interview was held, where one of the participants was asked to write a diary for one week to document her feelings and thoughts about her use of Natural Cycles.The results from the survey showed that about half of the respondents trust Natural Cycles and may be interested in trying the product. The other half says that they do not trust the products safety. The results from involved a simple interface and good marketing with a lot of information about statistics. The answers also showed that those who didn’t trust digital technology as contraceptives lacked truthful information about studies and use. / Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka kvinnors upplevelse av digital teknik som preventivmedel. Forskning kring kvinnokroppen har inte alltid varit en naturlig del av människa–datorinteraktion (MDI), men börjar synas genom olika hjälpmedelsapplikationer vid menstruation, graviditeter och dylikt (Balaam, 2017). År 2017 blev en mobilapplikation godkänd som preventivmedel i Sverige och då tog också den digitala tekniken ett steg in i preventivmedelsbranschen (Suni, 2017). Produkten ges ut av företaget Natural Cycles, vilket också har blivit det naturliga fokuset för denna uppsats. Denna studie skapades för att ta redapå hur kvinnorna upplever det första helt digital tekniska preventivmedlet, med fokus på tillit genom gränssnitt och upplevelsedesign. För att besvara studiens syfte skapades en enkät och en fokusgruppsintervju, där en av deltagarna dessutom ombads skriva en loggbok under en vecka för att dokumentera känslor och tankar kring sitt användande av Natural Cycles.Resultatet från enkäten visade på att ungefär hälften av de svarande känner tillit till Natural Cycles och kan tänka sig att testa produkten. Den andra halvan anger att de inte tror på produktens säkerhet. Ett sammanlagt resultat från fokusgruppen, enkäten och loggboken visade på att en viktig del för tilliten är ett enkelt gränssnitt och en god marknadsföring med mycket information kring statistik. Resultatet visade också på att de som inte kände förtroende för digital teknik som preventivmedel saknade sanningsenlig information kring studier och användande.

This study provides data suggesting that adolescent girls who receive education and hormonal contraceptive methods at a school-based clinic in the Fontana Unified School District, are more likely to have a signficant improvement in condom use, which improves safe sex practices and reduces the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.

In the theoretical part of my thesis I define the illness, venous thromboembolic disease. The theoretical principles are used to determine the risks of the disease onset in women, primarily focused on the risk related to the hormonal contraception usage and the hormone replacement therapy. Attention is paid to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the DVT as well. In the following chapters the readers will be apprised with the treatment procedures, primarily from the nursing care perspective. The theoretical part of the thesis will be concluded with the casuistry of patient who suffers the thromboembolic disease and who was in my personal nursing care. The empirical part of my thesis is aimed on the qualitative and related quantitative research, which will be carry out by the help of the questionnaire. The questionnaire is based on the outcoume of the data analysis (casuistry) gained at the Clinic of Cardiology, FN Motol. The questionnaire is distributed and determined for wide group of women from non-medical environment (layman). The results of my research are giving the respons on the thesis's goals and hypotheses. The maion goal of my thesis is to define the women awareness of thromboembolic disease risks, in connection with the hormonal contraception usage and the hormone replacement...

The diploma thesis is focused on the social aspects of women's oral hormonal contraception in the lives of two generations of women - daughters and their mothers. The theoretical part introduces the fundamental concepts of contraception research based on gender perspective. It also highlights the important historical milestones related to so-called birth control pill. Furthermore, the development of the contraceptive behavior of the Czech population since the 50s of the 20th century is analyzed. The empirical part of this thesis includes the description of methodology and the analysis of semi-structured interviews with ten women - mothers who were born in the 1960s and their daughters born around the turn of the 80s and 90s. The aim of the analysis is to discover how a generally accepted theory about contraception as the emancipation mechanism that helps women to control their own body and decide about their own reproduction is expressed in the lives of interviewed women. I ask the reason why, when and under what conditions these women decided to use birth control pills and the role of other circumstances in their decision-making. Moreover, I focus on the way how the birth control pills affect the relationship to own body and self-esteem of my respondents. And also, how birth control pills affect...