Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats var att, utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv, ta reda på hur socialsekreterare inom socialtjänsten upplever den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Vi ville undersöka hur socialsekreterare fann glädje i sitt arbete och vilka utmaningar socialsekreterarna upplever i arbetet. Vi valde att intervjua sex socialsekreterare med varierande längd i yrket, verksamma i två kommuner. Intervjumaterialet tolkades med hjälp av KASAM och krav-kontroll-stödmodellen. Resultatet visade att en bra arbetsgrupp och bra kollegor var avgörande för att känna trivsel på arbetsplatsen, vilket vi tolkade som att socialsekreterarna upplevde en meningsfullhet med sitt arbete. Även klienterna var en faktor som bidrog till att socialsekreterarna kände glädje i arbetet, men var också något som de upplevde som en utmaning i arbetet. Andra utmaningar var att de inte hann med sina arbetsuppgifter på grund av dokumentationskraven och att det fanns brister i rutiner och riktlinjer vilket försvårade arbetet. / The purpose of this qualitative study was, through a hermeneutic perspective, to find out how social workers in the social services, experience the psychosocial work environment. We wanted to explore how the social workers found joy in their vocation and which challenges the social workers experienced in the work. We chose to interview six social workers with varying length in the profession, active in two municipalities. The interview material was interpreted with Sense of Coherence (SOC) and the demand-control-social support model. The result of the study shows that a good working group and good colleagues was important to experience wellbeing at the workplace, which we interpreted as the social workers experienced a meaningfulness of their work. The clients were also a factor that contributed to the social workers satisfaction in their work, but also something that was a challenge in their profession. Other challenges were that they didn´t have time for their duties because of the documentation requirements and that there were flaws in routines and guidelines that complicated their work.

Introdução: As primeiras relações desde a concepção do ser humano, são carregadas de sentimentos e fantasias relacionadas ao filho esperado, um bebê sadio e que traz muita expectativa e idealização. Poucos são os estudos sobre a reação paterna durante a gestação, principalmente quando esta traz consigo o diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O nascimento de um bebê impõe mudanças na relação homem e mulher, mesmo que o projeto de um filho tenha sido pensado pelo casal. Conhece-se a possibilidade de intervir de maneira precoce para que pai-feto malformado estabeleçam vínculos saudáveis desde o momento do diagnóstico, contribuindo para a prevenção do adoecimento desta interação e melhora na qualidade de vida da família. Objetivo: Investigar a participação paterna no pré-natal de gestações com e sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal. Método: Estudo transversal e prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Participaram da amostra 70 homens que espontaneamente acompanharam as gestantes no pré-natal na equipe de Medicina Fetal, no ambulatório do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). O grupo caso (35 participantes) com diagnóstico de malformação fetal, independente do tipo de malformação, da idade materna, da paridade, da idade gestacional e tempo de relacionamento do casal e o controle (35 participantes) sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal, mas com diagnóstico de doença materna. A coleta se deu no período entre dezembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento do Problema – EMEP; Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar IPSF; Entrevista semidirigida para coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: A média de idade paterna foi de 33,5 anos (± 9,5) do grupo caso e de 27,6 anos (±4,4) no grupo de controle, Ensino Médio Completo, primeiro casamento e uma média de três anos de relacionamento nos dois grupos. O choque e tristeza foram as principais reações paternas diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. A estratégia de enfrentamento “Foco no Problema” (EMEP), a qualidade de apego/relação parental predominou a base no “Cuidado” ao invés do “Controle ou Superproteção” (PBI) e a percepção do pai sobre a relação com a família associada ao “Fator Afetivo/Consciente” (IPSF). Apesar de, nas escalas, o fator “Religioso” não ter se destacado, na análise qualitativa das verbalizações foi este o conteúdo que predominou. Conclusão: O choque e a tristeza foram as principais reações diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O foco no Problema e o foco na Emoção, associados a uma base de Cuidado e com a percepção do suporte familiar relacionada ao fator Afetivo/Consciente levam a pensar em um novo modelo paterno. O fator Religioso e o acolhimento da equipe foram destaques na análise qualitativa. A necessidade de cuidado, escuta e acolhimento do pai de um bebê com diagnóstico de maformaçao fetal, possibilita o preparo para a chegada, e muitas vezes, a imediata perda do filho. Os pais desse estudo conseguiram expressar seu afeto sem medo ou vergonha. Estamos diante de um modelo de pai que tende a se mostrar mais em termos afetivos, um modelo mais voltado ao cuidado na relação, não apenas focado nas questões financeiras. Contudo, cabe à mulher e à equipe multiprofissional lhe dar esse espaço, estimulando e permitindo ao homem, dentro das suas características, o desenvolvimento das habilidades de cuidador. / Introduction: The first relations since the conception of a human being, are loaded with feelings and fantasies related to the expected child, a healthy baby, and that brings a lot of expectations and idealization. There are few studies on paternal reaction during pregnancy, especially when it brings the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The birth of a baby requires changes in male-female relationships, even if it has been planned by the couple. The possibility of intervening at an early stage exists so that parent- fetus malformed might establish healthy ties from the very moment of diagnosis, contributing to the prevention of any illness regarding the interaction and improvement in the quality of family life. Objective: To investigate the paternal participation in prenatal pregnancies with and without a diagnosis of fetal malformation. Method: Cross-sectional and prospective study, quantitative and qualitative. The sample 70 men who spontaneously accompanied pregnant women in prenatal care in the team of fetal medicine at the clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). The case group (35 participants) with a diagnosis of fetal malformation, regardless of the type of malformation, maternal age, parity, gestational age and couple relationship of time and control (35 participants) without a diagnosis of fetal malformation, but diagnosis of maternal disease. The collection was carried out in the period between December 2014 and December 2015. The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Coping Mode Scale Problem - EMEP; Inventory IPSF Family Support Perception; Semistructured interview to collect sociodemographic data. Results : The mean paternal age was 33.5 years ( ± 9.5 ) in the case group and 27.6 years ( ± 4.4 ) in the control group, Complete High School , first marriage and an average of three year relationship in both groups. The shock and sadness were the main fathers' reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The coping strategy " Focus on Problem " (EMEP ), the quality of attachment / parental relationship predominated based on " care " instead of " control and overprotection " ( PBI) and the perception of the father on the relationship with the associated family the " Affective Factor / Conscious " ( IPSF ) . Although, the scales, the "Religious" factor have not been highlighted in the qualitative analysis of verbalization was this content that prevailed. Conclusion: Shock and sadness were the main reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. Focus on the problem and focus on emotion, associated with a care base and the perception of family support related Affective factor/Aware lead to think about a new paternal model. The Religious Factor and the host team were featured in the qualitative analysis. The need for care, father listening and host a baby diagnosed with fetal malformation enables the preparation for the arrival, and often the immediate loss of the child. The parents of this study were able to express their affection without fear or shame. We are facing a parent model that tends to show more emotional terms, a friendlier model care in the relationship, not only focused on financial issues. However, it is up to the woman and the multi-professional team give you that space, encouraging and allowing the man within its characteristics, the development of caregiver skills.

Ce travail repose sur des observations de terrain montrant que des salariés vont s’orienter ou non vers un arrêt de travail suite à un même type d’accident du travail de gravité mineure. De plus, les statistiques nationales décrivent une tendance à la baisse pour les accidents du travail mais l’absentéisme est en hausse (CNAM, 2016 ; Ayming-Kantar TNS, 2016). Ces données posent donc la question de la nature de la relation entre l’accident et l’arrêt de travail. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’explorer dans quelle mesure l’arrêt de travail serait expliqué par les états de stress et les stratégies de coping des salariés accidentés. En référence au modèle Self-Regulatory Executive Function – S-REF (Wells & Matthews, 1994), un objectif dans ce travail de thése est d'explorer dans quelle mesure les croyances métacognitives constitueraient des facteurs pouvant expliquer les états de stress, et leur gestion, après une période d'arrêt de travail. En référence à ce modèle, nous postulions alors que les salariés, en arrêt de travail, développeraient un syndrome cognitif attentionnel – CAS (Wells, 1995). Nous avons réalisé trois études testant trois hypothèses principales : 1) les salariés absents suite à un accident du travail présentent un profil métacognitif particulier impliquant des croyances métacognitives positives et négatives sur l’inquiétude, et activent préférentiellement des stratégies de coping émotionnelles ou d’évitement (étude 1) ; 2) les salariés absents suite à un accident du travail ont construit une représentation de l’accident du travail plus menaçante que les salariés qui ne se sont pas absentés (étude 2) ; 3) la probabilité de s'arrêter de travailler, dans les jours suivant l'accident, serait prédite par l'état affectif des salariés après l'accident (i.e., inquiétude, dissociation et détresse péritraumatiques) ainsi que par leurs stratégies de coping (étude 3). Nos résultats montrent que les salariés ayant vécu un accident du travail ne présentent pas de profil métacognitif différent selon qu’ils aient eu un arrêt de travail ou non (étude 1). Les stratégies de coping sont prédites par les croyances métacognitives ayant trait à l’inquiétude ; les stratégies de coping centrées sur le problème sont moins utilisées par les salariés ayant eu un arrêt de travail suite à leur accident du travail (étude 1). La représentation de l’accident du travail ne présente pas un caractére menaçant supérieur chez les salariés qui ont eu un arrêt de travail (étude 2). Enfin, les résultats de l’étude 3 montrent que la probabilité d’être en arrêt de travail suite à un accident du travail est uniquement prédite par une faible propension à l’usage des stratégies de coping centrées sur le problème. Nos principaux résultats indiquent que le stress ressenti par les victimes d’accident est influencé par les croyances métacognitives positives et négatives sur l’inquiétude (études 1 et 2). Nos travaux ne montrent pas de différence dans le profil métacognitif entre les salariés absents et non absents après un accident du travail. L’utilisation des stratégies de coping centrées sur le problème serait le principal corrélat (étude 1) et prédicteurs (étude 3) de l’absentéisme des salariés accidentés. L'ensemble de ces résultats plaide en faveur d'une approche de l'arrêt de travail appuyée sur la modélisation transactionnelle du stress, afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène et proposer des méthodes de prise en charge innovantes des salariés ayant vécu un accident du travail. / This work is based on field observations showing that employees will or will not move to a work stoppage following the same type of work accident of minor gravity. In addition, national statistics describe a downward trend for work-related accidents, but absenteeism is on the rise (CNAM, 2016; Ayming-Kantar TNS, 2016). These data therefore pose the question of the nature of the relationship between the accident and the work stoppage. The aim of this thesis was to explore to what extent the work stoppage would be explained by stress states and coping strategies of injured employees. Referring to the Self-Regulatory Executive Function Model - S-REF (Wells & Matthews, 1994), one goal of this thesis work is to explore the extent to which metacognitive beliefs are factors that may explain stress states, and their management, after a period of work stoppage. In reference to this model, we postulated that employees who were off work would develop a Cognitive Attentional Syndrome - CAS (Wells, 1995). We conducted three studies testing three main hypotheses: 1) Employees who are absent following an occupational accident have a particular metacognitive profile implying positive and negative metacognitive beliefs about anxiety, and preferentially activate emotional coping or avoidance strategies (study 1); 2) Employees who were absent due to a work accident built a more threatening occupational accident representation than employees who did not miss (study 2); 3) The probability of stopping work in the days following the accident would be predicted by the affective state of the employees after the accident (i.e., worry, peritraumatic dissociation and distress) as well as by their coping strategies (study 3). Our results show that employees who have had an accident at work do not have a different metacognitive profile, depending on whether they have had a work stoppage or not (study 1). Coping strategies are predicted by metacognitive beliefs about worry; coping strategies centered on the problem are less used by employees who have had a work stoppage following their work accident (study 1). The representation of the industrial accident does not present a higher threat character for employees who have had a work stoppage (study 2). Finally, the results of study 3 show that the probability of being off work due to an accident at work is only predicted by a low propensity to use coping strategies centered on the problem. Our main findings indicate that the stress experienced by accident victims is influenced by positive and negative metacognitive beliefs about worry (studies 1 and 2). Our work shows no difference in the metacognitive profile between absent and absent employees after an accident at work. The use of coping strategies centered on the problem would be the main correlate (study 1) and predictor (study 3) of absenteeism of injured employees. All these results argue in favor of a work stoppage approach based on transactional stress model, in order to better understand this phenomenon and propose innovative methods of care for employees who have suffered an occupational accident.

Humor har visat sig ha många positiva effekter för individers hälsa och kan även ge positiv utdelning i arbetet. Den har nämligen visat sig bidra till ökad produktivitet och kreativitet i arbetslivet, därför kan man anta att det från företagens sida kan finnas ett intresse av att undersöka humor i arbetet närmare då det kan ge bättre utdelning från de anställda. Tidigare forskning om humor i arbetslivet riktar sig främst till anställda inom olika serviceyrken samt vård- och omsorg. Av den här anledningen beslutade vi oss för att göra en kvalitativ studie på en arbetsplats inom offentlig sektor och undersöka mer om hur individer upplever och eventuellt använder sig av humor på arbetet. Vår förhoppning är att det kan bli ytterligare ett forskningsbidrag till hur organisationer och HR-avdelningar bör förhålla sig till humor eftersom den kan bidra till mer glada och produktiva anställda. Vi har till en början redogjort för tidigare teorier kring ämnet humor och visat hur forskningen utvecklats genom åren. Det görs även en genomgång av begrepp som ofta används i samma mening som humor, till exempel skratt och skämt. Efter att ha sammanställt flera forskares definitioner så kunde vi till slut göra en egen definition på vad vi kallar positiv humor. Eftersom upplevelser av humor är individuella har vi utgått från ett subjektivt synsätt som låter intervjupersonerna själva avgöra vad humor är för dem. I intervjuerna har vi fokuserat på individernas upplevelser av humor på arbetet samt hur de påverkas, vi upplever att fenomenet inte har undersökts genom det perspektivet i någon större utsträckning tidigare. Resultatet i undersökningen visar att humor används flitigt och är uppskattat på arbetsplatsen. Medarbetarna upplevde att humor fyllde viktiga funktioner vad gäller skapandet av relationer samt som en hjälp att hantera svåra situationer i arbetet. Intervjupersonerna beskrev även positiva effekter både vad gäller hälsa men också arbetsprestationen. Humor visade sig vara en viktig ingrediens för intervjupersonerna som inte kunde tänka sig att vara utan den på sitt arbete.

Formål: Formålet med dette studie var at undersøge faktorer der kan have betydning for hvordan patienten magter at være isoleret under indlæggelse på hospital. Der søges afdækning af om der er baggrundsvariabler som køn, alder og tidligere erfaringer, som har betydning og hvilke konsekvenser det medfører. Formålet var endvidere på baggrund af en risikoanalyse af den enkelte patientat fokusere på at tilrettelægge organiseringen af pleje og behandling. Metode: Studiet er et kvalitativstudie, hvor det empiriske materiale blev indsamlet ved fempatientinterviews. Som analysemetode blev anvendt indholdsanalyse. Den konceptuelle ramme omfatter antibiotikaresistens i et folkesundhedsperspektiv, en beskrivelse af rammerne for infektionsforebyggelse i Danmark samt en teoretisk ramme af hvad det indebærer for patienter at være smittet med en multiresistent bakterie og oplevelse af at være isoleret. Resultater: Studiet viser, at lukket dør, mangel på kontakt og stimuli resulterer i følelsen af kedsomhed, monotoni og angst. Studiet viser endvidere at baggrundsvariabler synes at have betydning for hvordan isolationen opleves. Kvinder udviser større bekymringer omkring smitteforholdsregler, og er mere observante på personalets adfærd end mænd. Kvinder bekymrer sig mere om risikoen for smitteoverførsel til besøgende og familie. Kvinder er mere emotionelle under indlæggelsen og under isolationen. Mænd affinder sig udadtil med situationen og har ikke samme spekulationer omkring smitteforholdsregler. Mænd har en mere rationel tilgang, og der er en tendens til at mænd bedre magter at være isoleret på enestue. Yngre patienterser ud til at magte isolationen bedre og anser enestue som en fordel. De ældre bliver mere triste og føler sig ensomme. Erindringer fra tidligere indlæggelser kan lejres som negative oplevelser, og influere på nuværende indlæggelse. Forat patienterne kunne magte situationen, udviklede de selv strategier til egen hjælp og befandt sig således i en balance mellem stress og mestring. Konklusion: For at kunne forebygge de negative oplevelser det har for patienter som er isoleret, uden at kompromittere smitteforebyggelsen, vil et skærpet fokus på hele organiseringen, undervisning af personale, tilrettelæggelsen af isolationen med fokus på sengestuefaciliteter, tid til kontakt og grundig information være nødvendig. Her udover kan individuelle foranstaltninger på baggrund af en risikoanalyse overvejes. / Aim: This study explored and describedthe factors that may influence how patients react to source isolation from others during hospitalization. The study also sought to determine how background variables such as gender, age, and previous hospitalization affect source isolation. Based on individuals’ risk assessment, this study also focusedon how hospitalsplan and the organization of care and treatment. Method: This qualitative study used content analysisto reviewd ata collected from interviews with five patients. The conceptual framework describes antibiotic resistance and infection control from a public health perspective and exploredits prevention in Denmark. Thetheoretical framework describe show patients experiencean infection acquired by exposure to drug-resistant bacteria, as well assubsequent source isolation. Results: Thelimited space of an isolation room, including closed doors, lack of contact with people, and few sensory stimuli, resulted in patient boredom, monotony,and anxiety. Moreover, the data showed that background variables affected how patients experience source isolation. Compared with men, women showed greater concern about precautions against infection and greater awareness of staff behavior. Women also worried more about the risk of transmitting bacteria/disease to visitors and familymembers, and display more emotion during isolation. In contrast, men outwardly resigned themselves to the situation and didnot speculate about infection precautions. Men had more rational approach, and tended to cope better when isolated in a single room. Younger patients seemed to have a better coping strategy during isolation, and considered a single room an advantage compared to the ward. Elderly patients felt sad and lonely during source isolation. In addition, previous negative experiences from earlier hospitalization seemedto influence current isolation. Patients developed their own strategies for coping with source isolation and found themselves balanced between being stressed and coping. Conclusion: Hospitals need more alternatives (e.g., better training and improved treatment culture) to prevent negative psychological affects due to isolation without compromising infection prevention. Hospitals should update their personnel at all organizational levels, and focus on room facilities in the ward, contact time,and improved information and communication. Riskassessment should be individualizedfor each patient. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-98-0</p>

La prévention des risques psychosociaux et la promotion de la qualité de vie au travail a suscité un fort intérêt ces dernières années. Cependant, les mécanismes psychologiques qui expliquent ces liens ne sont pas encore suffisamment affirmés. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes en jeu, notre travail de recherche s’est centré sur la justice organisationnelle dans une perspective théorique et appliquée. Notre objectif principal a été d’apporter une contribution efficace aux connaissances sur les liens entre le management juste et les états affectifs, l’engagement, le burnout et d’autres variables en lien étroit avec le bien-être et les attitudes positives au travail. Concrètement, nous avons souhaité apporter des preuves empiriques pour une application du management juste à la prévention du burnout au travail. Notre travail a consisté à mettre à l’épreuve un modèle relationnel au moyen de 4 études. D’abord, deux études corrélationnelles ont été menées, l’une sur le climat de justice et l’autre sur des événements spécifiques de justice. Les résultats de ces deux premières études montrent que les perceptions de justice sont bien associées au burnout et à l’engagement au travail par la médiation des affects positifs et négatifs. Ensuite, deux études expérimentales ont été menées afin de vérifier les relations de cause à effet entre les perceptions de justice et les états affectifs. L’une des études a porté sur des scénarios comme vecteur des perceptions de justice et la dernière étude a été menée dans des organisations via des formations aux encadrants d’équipe afin de valider les résultats en contexte naturel et faire naître une réflexion sur l’application des formations au management juste. Les liens mis en évidence par ces études ont permis de développer une meilleure compréhension des effets de justice dans le vécu émotionnel, cognitif et comportemental sur le plan de la recherche mais aussi d’affiner les réflexions sur la prévention de la santé au travail. / The prevention of psychosocial risks and promoting the quality of working life has attracted great interest in recent years. However, the psychological mechanisms behind these links are not yet sufficiently affirmed. To better understand the mechanisms involved, our research has focused on organizational justice in a theoretical and applied perspective. Our main goal was to make an effective contribution to knowledge about the links between the right management and affective states, commitment, burnout and other variables closely with the well-being and positive work attitudes. Specifically, we wanted to bring empirical evidence to a fair application of management in the prevention of burnout at work. Our job was to test a relational model with 4 studies. First, two correlational studies have been conducted, one on climate justice and the other on specific events of justice. The results of these early studies show that perceptions of justice are associated with burnout and commitment to work through the mediation of positive and negative affect. Then, two experimental studies were conducted to verify the relationship of cause and effect between perceptions of justice and affective states. One of the studies focused on scenarios as vector perceptions of justice and the last study was conducted in organizations through training to team supervisors to validate the results in natural context and give birth to a reflection on the Application training at the right management. The links highlighted by these studies were used to develop a better understanding of the effects of justice in the emotional experience, cognitive and behavioral in terms of research but also to refine the reflections on the prevention of occupational health.

Introdução: As primeiras relações desde a concepção do ser humano, são carregadas de sentimentos e fantasias relacionadas ao filho esperado, um bebê sadio e que traz muita expectativa e idealização. Poucos são os estudos sobre a reação paterna durante a gestação, principalmente quando esta traz consigo o diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O nascimento de um bebê impõe mudanças na relação homem e mulher, mesmo que o projeto de um filho tenha sido pensado pelo casal. Conhece-se a possibilidade de intervir de maneira precoce para que pai-feto malformado estabeleçam vínculos saudáveis desde o momento do diagnóstico, contribuindo para a prevenção do adoecimento desta interação e melhora na qualidade de vida da família. Objetivo: Investigar a participação paterna no pré-natal de gestações com e sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal. Método: Estudo transversal e prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Participaram da amostra 70 homens que espontaneamente acompanharam as gestantes no pré-natal na equipe de Medicina Fetal, no ambulatório do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). O grupo caso (35 participantes) com diagnóstico de malformação fetal, independente do tipo de malformação, da idade materna, da paridade, da idade gestacional e tempo de relacionamento do casal e o controle (35 participantes) sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal, mas com diagnóstico de doença materna. A coleta se deu no período entre dezembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento do Problema – EMEP; Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar IPSF; Entrevista semidirigida para coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: A média de idade paterna foi de 33,5 anos (± 9,5) do grupo caso e de 27,6 anos (±4,4) no grupo de controle, Ensino Médio Completo, primeiro casamento e uma média de três anos de relacionamento nos dois grupos. O choque e tristeza foram as principais reações paternas diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. A estratégia de enfrentamento “Foco no Problema” (EMEP), a qualidade de apego/relação parental predominou a base no “Cuidado” ao invés do “Controle ou Superproteção” (PBI) e a percepção do pai sobre a relação com a família associada ao “Fator Afetivo/Consciente” (IPSF). Apesar de, nas escalas, o fator “Religioso” não ter se destacado, na análise qualitativa das verbalizações foi este o conteúdo que predominou. Conclusão: O choque e a tristeza foram as principais reações diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O foco no Problema e o foco na Emoção, associados a uma base de Cuidado e com a percepção do suporte familiar relacionada ao fator Afetivo/Consciente levam a pensar em um novo modelo paterno. O fator Religioso e o acolhimento da equipe foram destaques na análise qualitativa. A necessidade de cuidado, escuta e acolhimento do pai de um bebê com diagnóstico de maformaçao fetal, possibilita o preparo para a chegada, e muitas vezes, a imediata perda do filho. Os pais desse estudo conseguiram expressar seu afeto sem medo ou vergonha. Estamos diante de um modelo de pai que tende a se mostrar mais em termos afetivos, um modelo mais voltado ao cuidado na relação, não apenas focado nas questões financeiras. Contudo, cabe à mulher e à equipe multiprofissional lhe dar esse espaço, estimulando e permitindo ao homem, dentro das suas características, o desenvolvimento das habilidades de cuidador. / Introduction: The first relations since the conception of a human being, are loaded with feelings and fantasies related to the expected child, a healthy baby, and that brings a lot of expectations and idealization. There are few studies on paternal reaction during pregnancy, especially when it brings the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The birth of a baby requires changes in male-female relationships, even if it has been planned by the couple. The possibility of intervening at an early stage exists so that parent- fetus malformed might establish healthy ties from the very moment of diagnosis, contributing to the prevention of any illness regarding the interaction and improvement in the quality of family life. Objective: To investigate the paternal participation in prenatal pregnancies with and without a diagnosis of fetal malformation. Method: Cross-sectional and prospective study, quantitative and qualitative. The sample 70 men who spontaneously accompanied pregnant women in prenatal care in the team of fetal medicine at the clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). The case group (35 participants) with a diagnosis of fetal malformation, regardless of the type of malformation, maternal age, parity, gestational age and couple relationship of time and control (35 participants) without a diagnosis of fetal malformation, but diagnosis of maternal disease. The collection was carried out in the period between December 2014 and December 2015. The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Coping Mode Scale Problem - EMEP; Inventory IPSF Family Support Perception; Semistructured interview to collect sociodemographic data. Results : The mean paternal age was 33.5 years ( ± 9.5 ) in the case group and 27.6 years ( ± 4.4 ) in the control group, Complete High School , first marriage and an average of three year relationship in both groups. The shock and sadness were the main fathers' reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The coping strategy " Focus on Problem " (EMEP ), the quality of attachment / parental relationship predominated based on " care " instead of " control and overprotection " ( PBI) and the perception of the father on the relationship with the associated family the " Affective Factor / Conscious " ( IPSF ) . Although, the scales, the "Religious" factor have not been highlighted in the qualitative analysis of verbalization was this content that prevailed. Conclusion: Shock and sadness were the main reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. Focus on the problem and focus on emotion, associated with a care base and the perception of family support related Affective factor/Aware lead to think about a new paternal model. The Religious Factor and the host team were featured in the qualitative analysis. The need for care, father listening and host a baby diagnosed with fetal malformation enables the preparation for the arrival, and often the immediate loss of the child. The parents of this study were able to express their affection without fear or shame. We are facing a parent model that tends to show more emotional terms, a friendlier model care in the relationship, not only focused on financial issues. However, it is up to the woman and the multi-professional team give you that space, encouraging and allowing the man within its characteristics, the development of caregiver skills.

Introdução: As primeiras relações desde a concepção do ser humano, são carregadas de sentimentos e fantasias relacionadas ao filho esperado, um bebê sadio e que traz muita expectativa e idealização. Poucos são os estudos sobre a reação paterna durante a gestação, principalmente quando esta traz consigo o diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O nascimento de um bebê impõe mudanças na relação homem e mulher, mesmo que o projeto de um filho tenha sido pensado pelo casal. Conhece-se a possibilidade de intervir de maneira precoce para que pai-feto malformado estabeleçam vínculos saudáveis desde o momento do diagnóstico, contribuindo para a prevenção do adoecimento desta interação e melhora na qualidade de vida da família. Objetivo: Investigar a participação paterna no pré-natal de gestações com e sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal. Método: Estudo transversal e prospectivo, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Participaram da amostra 70 homens que espontaneamente acompanharam as gestantes no pré-natal na equipe de Medicina Fetal, no ambulatório do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). O grupo caso (35 participantes) com diagnóstico de malformação fetal, independente do tipo de malformação, da idade materna, da paridade, da idade gestacional e tempo de relacionamento do casal e o controle (35 participantes) sem diagnóstico de malformação fetal, mas com diagnóstico de doença materna. A coleta se deu no período entre dezembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2015. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento do Problema – EMEP; Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar IPSF; Entrevista semidirigida para coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: A média de idade paterna foi de 33,5 anos (± 9,5) do grupo caso e de 27,6 anos (±4,4) no grupo de controle, Ensino Médio Completo, primeiro casamento e uma média de três anos de relacionamento nos dois grupos. O choque e tristeza foram as principais reações paternas diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. A estratégia de enfrentamento “Foco no Problema” (EMEP), a qualidade de apego/relação parental predominou a base no “Cuidado” ao invés do “Controle ou Superproteção” (PBI) e a percepção do pai sobre a relação com a família associada ao “Fator Afetivo/Consciente” (IPSF). Apesar de, nas escalas, o fator “Religioso” não ter se destacado, na análise qualitativa das verbalizações foi este o conteúdo que predominou. Conclusão: O choque e a tristeza foram as principais reações diante do diagnóstico de malformação fetal. O foco no Problema e o foco na Emoção, associados a uma base de Cuidado e com a percepção do suporte familiar relacionada ao fator Afetivo/Consciente levam a pensar em um novo modelo paterno. O fator Religioso e o acolhimento da equipe foram destaques na análise qualitativa. A necessidade de cuidado, escuta e acolhimento do pai de um bebê com diagnóstico de maformaçao fetal, possibilita o preparo para a chegada, e muitas vezes, a imediata perda do filho. Os pais desse estudo conseguiram expressar seu afeto sem medo ou vergonha. Estamos diante de um modelo de pai que tende a se mostrar mais em termos afetivos, um modelo mais voltado ao cuidado na relação, não apenas focado nas questões financeiras. Contudo, cabe à mulher e à equipe multiprofissional lhe dar esse espaço, estimulando e permitindo ao homem, dentro das suas características, o desenvolvimento das habilidades de cuidador. / Introduction: The first relations since the conception of a human being, are loaded with feelings and fantasies related to the expected child, a healthy baby, and that brings a lot of expectations and idealization. There are few studies on paternal reaction during pregnancy, especially when it brings the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The birth of a baby requires changes in male-female relationships, even if it has been planned by the couple. The possibility of intervening at an early stage exists so that parent- fetus malformed might establish healthy ties from the very moment of diagnosis, contributing to the prevention of any illness regarding the interaction and improvement in the quality of family life. Objective: To investigate the paternal participation in prenatal pregnancies with and without a diagnosis of fetal malformation. Method: Cross-sectional and prospective study, quantitative and qualitative. The sample 70 men who spontaneously accompanied pregnant women in prenatal care in the team of fetal medicine at the clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). The case group (35 participants) with a diagnosis of fetal malformation, regardless of the type of malformation, maternal age, parity, gestational age and couple relationship of time and control (35 participants) without a diagnosis of fetal malformation, but diagnosis of maternal disease. The collection was carried out in the period between December 2014 and December 2015. The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument - PBI; Coping Mode Scale Problem - EMEP; Inventory IPSF Family Support Perception; Semistructured interview to collect sociodemographic data. Results : The mean paternal age was 33.5 years ( ± 9.5 ) in the case group and 27.6 years ( ± 4.4 ) in the control group, Complete High School , first marriage and an average of three year relationship in both groups. The shock and sadness were the main fathers' reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. The coping strategy " Focus on Problem " (EMEP ), the quality of attachment / parental relationship predominated based on " care " instead of " control and overprotection " ( PBI) and the perception of the father on the relationship with the associated family the " Affective Factor / Conscious " ( IPSF ) . Although, the scales, the "Religious" factor have not been highlighted in the qualitative analysis of verbalization was this content that prevailed. Conclusion: Shock and sadness were the main reactions to the diagnosis of fetal malformation. Focus on the problem and focus on emotion, associated with a care base and the perception of family support related Affective factor/Aware lead to think about a new paternal model. The Religious Factor and the host team were featured in the qualitative analysis. The need for care, father listening and host a baby diagnosed with fetal malformation enables the preparation for the arrival, and often the immediate loss of the child. The parents of this study were able to express their affection without fear or shame. We are facing a parent model that tends to show more emotional terms, a friendlier model care in the relationship, not only focused on financial issues. However, it is up to the woman and the multi-professional team give you that space, encouraging and allowing the man within its characteristics, the development of caregiver skills.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka copingstrategier barn till missbrukande föräldrar använder sig av för att hantera detta missbruk. En kvalitativ ansats och metod har använts för att besvara syftet. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialarbetare med yrkeserfarenhet av att möta barn till missbrukande föräldrar. Materialet analyserades tematiskt och därefter applicerades Lazarus och Folkmans (1984) teori om coping på resultaten. Studiens slutsats är att barn har olika typer av copingstrategier för att hantera sina föräldrars missbruk och att copingstrategierna skiljer sig åt beroende på barnens ålder och kön. / The purpose of the study is to investigate the coping strategies that children use when dealing with their parents' addiction. A qualitative approach and method was used to answer the purpose. The collection of data was acquired through qualitative semi-structured interviews with six social workers with professional experience of meeting children with addicted parents. The material was thematically analyzed and then the theory of coping by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) was applied on the results. The conclusion of the study is that the children have different types of coping strategies when dealing with their parents' abuse. The coping strategies differ based on age and gender of the children.

While coping varies with individuals and is a product of complex, interrelated factors, the primary interest of this study was determining how coping behaviors manifest according to these chronic illness types: those of known pathology (e.g., asthma, osteoarthritis, lupus) and those that lack a clear, structural pathology (i.e., functional somatic syndromes and medically unexplained symptoms). Data for this study were gathered from a series of four comprehensive online surveys, which included measures of coping (Brief COPE), pain and health outcomes (SF-36), negative affect (I-PANAS-SF) and depression (PHQ- 8). The analyzed sample was comprised of 148 participants (119 Female, 28 Male and 1 Not Answered) with a mean age of 43.34 (SD = 13.69), all of whom experienced at least three months of chronic physical symptoms. Based on diagnosis, the participants were grouped into that of conventional disease (CD), functional somatic syndromes (FSS) or medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Even while controlling for significant covariates (e.g., depression, negative affect, pain perception), multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in coping strategies by illness group, Wilks’s Lambda = .96, F(4, 222) = 1.05, p = .38. The results suggest that the use of coping strategies does not differ by illness type, but can be predicted by other, health-related factors, notably stress, β = -.21, t(120) = -2.09, p = .04; symptoms, β = .32, t(120) = 2.82, p = .01; personal control, β = .19, t(120) = 2.16, p = .03, and negative affect, β = .34, t(121) = 2.81, p = .01. It appears that patient experience with chronic illness can be more informative regarding appropriate treatments and therapeutic interventions than just illness type itself.