A presente dissertação versa a teoria geral da determinação da lei aplicável no Direito Internacional Privado, sob a ótica de parâmetros cosmopolitas colhidos em outras ciências humanas, em perspectiva interdisciplinar. Analisam-se vários estudos recentes sobre o cosmopolitismo, bem como suas origens remotas, de modo a propor possíveis relações do tema com o método conflitual do Direito Internacional Privado. No capítulo I, empreende-se estudo histórico, retornando às origens do cosmopolitismo (filosofias grega e romana), passando pelo cosmopolitismo de Kant, no séc. XVIII, para então, finalmente, examinar os cosmopolitismos contemporâneos. Quanto a estes, procede-se à uma taxionomia e se exploram algumas proposições teóricas de especial utilidade para a determinação da lei aplicável. No capítulo II, busca-se transpor o cosmopolitismo do plano das demais ciências humanas para o plano da teoria jurídica em particular. Analisa-se, primeiro, o que implica a ideia de cosmopolitização do direito e, após, a relação entre o cosmopolitismo e o Direito Internacional Privado em específico. Dá-se especial atenção à aplicação da ideia de justiça cosmopolita no contexto da determinação da lei aplicável. No capítulo III, trata-se dos três grandes métodos de determinação da lei aplicável (multilateralismo, unilateralismo e materialismo), em perspectivas histórica e crítica. Conclui-se que a adoção do multilateralismo enquanto estrutura principal de determinação da lei aplicável, flexibilizado pelo princípio da proximidade, atende mais à imparcialidade cosmopolita que os outros dois métodos. No capítulo IV, propõe-se uma visão cosmopolita do princípio da ordem pública, concentrando-se em duas importantes evoluções teóricas mais recentes: as noções de ordem pública de proximidade e de ordem pública verdadeiramente internacional. Procede-se, ademais, a exame crítico da aplicação da exceção da ordem pública, no que se refere à lei aplicável, na jurisprudência brasileira recente. Ao fim do estudo, as principais conclusões são enumeradas. / This dissertation addresses international choice of law, through the lens of cosmopolitan standards collected from other humanities, undertaking an interdisciplinary approach. Many recent studies on cosmopolitanism are examined, as well as its remote origins, so as to propose links between choice of law and cosmopolitanism. In chapter I, a historical study is undertaken, going back to the origins of cosmopolitanism (Greek and Roman philosophers), dealing moreover with Kants cosmopolitanism (18th century) and contemporary cosmopolitanisms. Accordingly, a division into categories is proposed and some theoretical notions of special importance to choice of law are tackled. In chapter II, cosmopolitan concepts are applied to legal theory. First, consequences are drawn from the idea of cosmopolitanizing law. Afterwards, the relation between Conflict of Laws and cosmopolitanism is addressed. The focus is on the application of the idea of cosmopolitan justice to choice of law. In chapter III, the three existing choice of law methods are addressed (multilateralism, unilateralism and substantialism), historically and critically. It is concluded that the adoption of multilateralism as a general framework, flexibilized by the principe de proximité, is a better option in terms of cosmopolitan impartiality than the other two methods. In chapter IV, a cosmopolitan vision of public policy is proposed, focusing upon two important theories recently conceived: the notions of ordre public de proximité and of truly international public policy. Also, a critical address of the recent application of the public policy exception by Brazilian courts (within the choice of law context) is made. At the end, the main conclusions are enumerated.

Cette étude présente, dans le sillage des travaux sur la construction des identités des communautés italiennes à l’étranger, les modalités de rassemblement et d’unification de la colonie italienne du Caire de 1861 à la Première Guerre mondiale et ses vecteurs identitaires. Elle remet en question à cette occasion la vision littéraire du cosmopolitisme égyptien au XIXe siècle, de cet âge d’or dont on déplore la disparition, tout en mettant en évidence le mouvement véritablement cosmopolite des revendications sociales et indépendantistes du début du XXe siècle. Une étude des liens de sociabilités formels de la colonie italienne du Caire et de son discours identitaire permet en effet d’observer de manière approfondie le discours tenu par les associations de la colonie autour du cosmopolitisme et d’en observer l’inadéquation à la réalité. Le cosmopolitisme est surtout employé comme justification de la présence italienne en Egypte et comme moyen de se démarquer face aux colonies françaises, grecques et anglaises. Par ailleurs la colonie cairote à partir des années 1880 se compose d’une majorité d’ouvriers et artisans. L’étude des sociabilités informelles (liens d’amitié, de parenté, relations de voisinage et de travail) permet d’observer les rapports de la colonie au sens large avec le milieu cairote, qui sont caractérisés par des relations s’inscrivant dans une indifférence réciproque ponctuée de désordres imprévisibles plutôt que dans le cosmopolitisme tant vanté par les textes littéraires. Pourtant ce cosmopolitisme a une réalité car il est présent au cours des luttes sociales du Caire du début des années 1900 à travers l’union des ouvriers italiens, grecs et égyptiens dans les premiers mouvements de grève cairote. L’insertion des anarchistes italiens dans ce contexte permet de relier ces évènements à un mouvement plus global de luttes sociales à travers l’Europe et même l’Amérique latine, annonciateur de modernité. / In the wake of previous works on the building of identities of Italian communities abroad, this study analyses how the Italian community of Cairo took shape from 1861 until the First World Wide War, as well as its identity factors. In doing so, it questions the litterary claim of a true Egyptian cosmopolitism in the ninetieth century, this much missed golden age, but also highlights the truly cosmopolitan movement of social and independence demands of the early twentieth century. Indeed, the study of formal social ties of Cairo Italian colony and its identity discourse leads to great detail on the official speech of its societies about cosmopolitism and puts it largely into perspective. Cosmopolitanism appears to be mainly claimed as a justification of the Italian presence in Egypt and as a way to stand apart from the French, Greek and English colonies. Moreover, the Cairo colony of 1880 consisted mainly of workers and craftsmen. The study of informal social relationships (friendships, family ties, neighborhood and work bonds) shows the links of the colony as a whole with its Cairo environment were characterized by mutual indifference punctuated by unpredictable disturbances - as opposed to the much touted cosmopolitanism claimed by literary texts. Yet cosmopolitism actually did exist as it was present in Cairo social struggles in the early 1900s through the union of Italian, Greek and Egyptian workers during the first strikes ever to happen in the city. The participation of Italian anarchists in this context made these events part of a global movement of social struggles across Europe and even Latin America that were the promise of a new modern era.

This qualitative and explanatory study focuses on the concept of ‘media witnessing’, which concerns witnessing media texts performed in, by, and through the media. The aim is to determine how people from different backgrounds engage with news photographs of Syrian children which went viral in 2015 and 2016. Furthermore, this study uses the analytical framework of media witnessing created by Maria Kyriakidou (2015). The framework was made to analyse four different reactions to distant, mediated suffering: affective, ecstatic, politicised and detached. This framework is tested and adapted for this study to identify the engagement experience of individuals with new viral photographs. These photographs were taken by professional photojournalists. The data was collected via semi-structured, two-person interviews known as dyadic interviews. Participants were recruited by way of purposive and snowball sampling. In the end, four dyadic interviews were conducted which involved eight individuals in total. During each interview, two participants looked together at four viral news photographs and discussed their thoughts and feelings based on an interview guide. All dyadic interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The study material—four transcripts—was finally analysed using a thematic analysis method. Themes were based on modes of media witnessing. The analysis reveals a fifth mode of response—first-hand witnessing—which is linked to an individual’s own experience and past. Finally, this study claims that an adapted framework constitutes a suitable way to analyse people’s engagement but that there is a need for further study of media witnessing.

This thesis explores the potential of domestic space to act as the ground for new forms of community and sociability in Argentine and Chilean films from the early twenty-first century. It thus tracks a shift in the political treatment of the home in Southern Cone cinema, away from allegorical affirmations of the family, and towards a reflection on film’s ability to both delineate and disrupt lived spaces. In the works examined, the displacement of attention from human subjects to the material environment defamiliarises the domestic sphere and complicates its relation to the nation. The house thus does not act as ‘a body of images that give mankind proofs or illusions of stability’ (Bachelard), but rather as a medium through which identities are challenged and reformed. This anxiety about domestic space demands, I argue, a renewal of the deconstructive frameworks often deployed in studies of Latin American culture (Moreiras, Williams). The thesis turns to new materialist theories, among others, as a supplement to deconstructive thinking, and argues that theorisations of cinema’s political agency must be informed by social, economic and urban histories. The prominence of suburban settings moreover encourages a nuancing of the ontological links often invoked between cinema, the house, and the city. The first section of the thesis rethinks two concepts closely linked to the home: memory and modernity. Analysing documentary and essay films, Chapter 1 suggests some political limitations to the figure of the fragment which dominates scholarly discussion of memory in Latin America. Chapter 2 studies films which explore the inclusions and exclusions created by modernist domestic architecture. The second section focuses on two human figures found on the threshold of the home: the domestic worker and the guest. Chapter 3 analyses unorthodox representations of domestic work, and explores how new materialist approaches can enhance readings of the political potential of ‘art cinema’. Finally, in Chapter 4 I examine films depicting household visitors that upset urban class divisions, and question the possibility of ‘domestic cosmopolitanism’ (Nava 2006) in contemporary Latin America. My comparative analysis of these films explores a rupture between physical dwelling and imagined home that points towards new political practices in a neoliberal, post-dictatorship context.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-18T14:54:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tássia Aparecida Gervasoni_.pdf: 2358901 bytes, checksum: b7787cf50aa5cfb60bbf9f69197e3c59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T14:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tássia Aparecida Gervasoni_.pdf: 2358901 bytes, checksum: b7787cf50aa5cfb60bbf9f69197e3c59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O tema do estudo é a situação do Estado e do Direito na “pós-modernidade” e as perspectivas do Constitucionalismo para a (re)configuração do Estado Democrático de Direito em um novo paradigma espaço-temporal. Busca-se responder ao problema de como situar o Estado e o Direito entre integração e interferência do Direito internacionalizado diante da(s) insuficiência(s) das instituições jurídico-políticas nacionais e do próprio Constitucionalismo de modo a filtrar um novo Direito (o “Direito em trânsito”) e possibilitar a (re)configuração do Estado Democrático de Direito a partir dos direitos humanos e da perspectiva cosmopolita. A primeira parte da tese visa a reconstrução do percurso histórico que permitiu edificação e a consolidação do Estado e do Direito modernos, de modo a compreendê-los em sua estrutura, funcionamento e fundamentos a partir da origem. Por sua vez, a segunda parte reveste-se de um aspecto substancialmente crítico, pretendo a desconstrução e a revisão do que até então se apresentou. Insere-se a pesquisa em um contexto que não apenas reconhece, como assume e aproveita-se da crise para a crítica e para a renovação. A metodologia empregada compreende uma abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica, um método de procedimento monográfico (com contribuições complementares do método histórico e do método comparativo) e a documentação indireta como técnica de pesquisa. Confirmou-se ao final da pesquisa que Estado e Direito enfrentam uma crise grave o suficiente para deslocá-los no espaço-tempo, como consequência da própria crise da modernidade, cujas dificuldades de aceitação impedem o avanço das discussões e a proposição de alternativas. Outra importante constatação diz respeito à identificação de um “Direito em trânsito”, circular e metatemporal, composto por um duplo movimento, geográfico e histórico, como reflexo direto do cenário globalizado e pós-moderno. As inevitáveis mudanças operadas por esses eventos impõem a busca de novas possibilidades. Embora anacrônicas, as instituições modernas ainda podem desempenhar algum papel na pós-modernidade (uma função contra-fáctica que se contraponha a forças prejudiciais aos direitos humanos e aos preceitos democráticos cosmopolitas), assim como o Constitucionalismo pode resgatá-las. / This study focuses on the condition of State and Law in “postmodernity” and the prospects of Constitutionalism for (re)configuration of the Democratic Rule of Law in a new space-time paradigm. It seeks to address the problem of how to situate State and Law between integration and interference of the internationalized Law in face of the inadequacies of national legal-political institutions and Constitutionalism itself in order to distill a new Law (the “Law in transit”) and enable the (re)configuration of the Democratic Rule of Law based on human rights and from a cosmopolitan perspective. The first part of this dissertation aims to track the historical trajectory that allowed building and consolidating the modern State and Law so as to understand the origin of their structure, operation and foundations. The second part is substantially critical in nature, where I propose the deconstruction and review of what has been presented. This research is developed within a context that not only recognizes but also admits and takes advantage of the crisis for criticism and renewal. The adopted methodology comprises a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, a monographic method (with complementary contributions of the historical and comparative methods), and indirect documentation as a research technique. It was confirmed at the end of the research that State and Law are facing a serious enough crisis to displace them in space and time as a result of the crisis of modernity itself, whose difficulties to be accepted prevent continuation of debate and construction of alternatives. Another important finding is related to the identification of a circular and metatemporal “Law in transit”, consisting of a double movement, geographical and historical, as a direct reflection of today’s globalized and postmodern scenario. The inevitable changes wrought by these events require the search for new possibilities. Even though they are anachronistic, modern institutions may still play a role in postmodernity (a counterfactual condition that offsets the harmful forces against human rights and the precepts of cosmopolitan democracy), as they can be recovered by Constitutionalism.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Esse trabalho estuda as manifestações culturais cosmopolitas na constituição do cinema nacional durante o intervalo de 1960 a 1968. Naquele momento, as demandas promovidas pela crítica cinematográfica, principalmente após a I Convenção nacional da crítica, voltam-se para a necessidade de lançar pontes entre a prática e a inteligência cinematográficas, não raro, em um quadro de conflitos em torno da apropriação dos influxos estrangeiros pelo cinema. O movimento cinema novo surge em meio a esse debate atraindo as atenções da crítica nacional e internacional. De modo simultâneo, uma política estatal mais atuante em relação ao meio transforma o cinema em importante tópico de ação cultural estatal. Desse modo, itinerários de percepção elaborados a partir das críticas dos filmes permitem delinear um cosmopolitismo cinematográfico historicamente situado, fazendo saltar a tessitura dos tempos que tornou possível as imagens dos cineastas Walter Hugo Khouri e Luís Sérgio Person. A partir desse olhar específico, ambos são estudados em suas trajetórias intelectuais e os seus filmes, enquanto práticas de cinema que fazem do engajamento através das fronteiras como características constitutivas de seu próprio fazer. Em filmes como São Paulo sociedade anônima (1965), de Person, e O Corpo ardente (1966), de Khouri, a partir de um entrelaçamento e de uma estrutura temporal idiossincráticas, que revelam sentidos insuspeitos. A indisposição de se filiar a grupos artísticos, a prática de cinema assumidamente individual e os modos singulares de abordar os recursos técnicos e a cultura cinematográfica são algumas da peculiaridades que ressaltamos. Seus itinerários transformam-se, nessa perspectiva, em artefatos imagéticos fundamentais para o estudo da organização das práticas de olhar na cultura visual da época, sendo inseparáveis da diversidade cultural na construção do campo cinematográfico nacional, notável pela sua pluralidade de práticas. / This work aimed to study the cultural cosmopolitan movements in the Brazilian movie industry from 1960 to 1968, which was a period that set forth a field for national cinematography. We firstly performed a historical background showing the cinematographic circles that discussed the intellectual dilemmas in the 1950âs. We next investigated how the demands placed by cinema essayists of the period, mainly after the I Convenção nacional da crítica [1st National Convention on Film Criticism] raised the need of building bridges between the practice and intellectual means of the cinematographic circles. We also investigated the conflicts that sprang from foreign influences on the work of Brazilian filmmakers. The group cinema novo [new cinema] came up parallel to this debate attracting the attention of national and international film analysts. At that same time, Brazilian State and its financial policies focused on the film production that highlighted the cultural importance of this medium. We set forth a cinematographic cosmopolitanism concept specific to that historical background through the layouts of perception that we made taking as depart station the film reviews of that time. In this conceptual frame elaborated from the prior chapters, Walter Hugo Khouri and Luís Sérgio Person were studied through the analysis of their intellectual trajectory and of their films. Both moviemakers made the imaginative engagement across the boundaries as an essential element of their careers. In films as São Paulo sociedade anônima (1965), by Person, and O Corpo Ardente (1966), by Khouri, they expressed dialogues with foreign referentials in an intense way. They dealt with the international style and forms of cinema as a constitutive element of their own practices, intertwining the idiosyncratic time structure to Brazilian culture through their films and cultural practices. Both were reluctant to fit into artistic groups, admitting their works as individual practices of cinema and introducing their unique treatments to technical resources and cinematographic culture. They directed films that make possible routes of perception to the study of visual culture of that time. Their works were inseparable from the cultural diversity in the construction of national cinematographic field, which was remarkable by its plurality of practices.

This study aims to reevaluate Ahmed Midhat&rsquo / s treatises on Ottoman society by revealing his exceptional objectives, which recently have been used in contemporary interdisciplinary studies concerning the 19th century Ottoman social transformation. In view of that, the thesis is formed as a re-reading of Ahmed Midhat&rsquo / s etiquette book, titled Avrupa Adab-i MuaSereti yahud Alafranga, according to some recent debates like that of occidentalism, geographic mapping of culture and civilization, the question of cosmopolitanism and elitism, everyday life practices. The most important aim of this thesis study is to expose the ability and the tool-kit of an Ottoman intellectual, who claims himself belong to the Ottoman Nation, making use of the knowledge of the west for domestic politics and arguments in order to propose and create a genuine, self-governing and permanent Ottoman culture. Besides the knowledge of the west, Ahmed Midhat&rsquo / s Alafranga represents a very significant literary form that demonstrates the modern change in the intellectual production in Europe. In that perspective, exposing his motivations behind writing an etiquette manual, a literary form which is related to the modern idea of creating a mechanism of self-control for the individuals, and at large for the society itself, is significant the ways in which these motivations represent the ideas of a Tanzimat intellectual on the modernization of the Ottoman society, considering his sympathy for the Hamidian worldview and modernization projects.

The effects of globalization has created a new global consumer segment known as Cosmopolitanism. It is a globally substantial segment that captures “open-minded individuals whose consumption orientation transcends particular cultures, localities or communities and who appreciates diversity including trying products and services from a variety of countries”. In the same sense have global brands grown to take a central place on both developing and developed countries, and their competition with local brands has substantially increased. The Cosmopolitan consumer segment hold major strategic importance for global brands, but the understanding of this new segment has been markedly limited, especially on consumption related behavioral outcomes such as brand loyalty. Taking on a cross-national, comparative approach, the purpose of this study was; to understand the association between Cosmopolitanism and global brand loyalty in developing and developed countries.  Collecting data through online questionnaires in Sweden and Syria, 341 respondents were included within the study, and with regression analyses were three proposed hypotheses tested. The results showed a significant, but arguably weak, association between Cosmopolitanism and global brand loyalty. On the other hand, upon introducing economic development status as a moderating variable, it was seen that the association differed between the sampled countries, with a considerably stronger association in Syria. Managerial implications are presented based on these findings, and the paper is finalized with some essential limitations and avenues for suture research.

In the Path of the Prophet: Medieval and Early Modern Narratives of the Life of Zarathustra in Islamic Iran and Western India is a historical study of the discursive practices by which Zoroastrians struggled to define their communal identity through constructions of the central figure of their religion. I argue that Zoroastrians adopted cosmopolitan religious vocabularies from the Islamicate and Sanskritic literary traditions for a world in which they were no longer a dominant political force. Contrary to much scholarship, which characterizes medieval Zoroastrian thought as stagnant, I contend that literary production in this period reveals extraordinary intellectual engagement among Zoroastrians endeavoring to make meaning of their ancient religious traditions in a rapidly changing world. The essays of my dissertation focus on four moments in Zoroastrian intellectual history. I begin with an analysis of the thirteenth century Persian Zarātushtnāma (The Book of Zarathustra), examining interactions between Zoroastrian theology and prophetology and contemporary Islamic thought, focusing on the role that miracles played in medieval Zoroastrian conceptions of prophethood. In my next essay, I explore questions of identity, orthodoxy and heterodoxy by investigating a group of Zoroastrian mystics who migrated from Safavid Persia to Mughal India around the seventeenth century. Influenced by the Illuminationist school of Islamic philosophy, they left behind a body of texts which blur religious boundaries. In my third essay, I examine the earliest literary compositions in the Gujarati language about the life of Zarathustra, employing theoretical discussions of literary cosmopolitanism and vernacularization to trace how Zoroastrian stories were reimagined by Indian Zoroastrians (Parsis) to fit Indo-Persian and Sanskritic discursive conventions. Finally, I look at the ways in which Zoroastrian prophetology was transformed through the experience of colonial modernity, focusing especially on the role of the printing press and the creation of a literate public sphere. I argue that the formation of a Parsi colonial consciousness was an experience of loss and recovery, in which traditional Persianate forms of knowledge were replaced by newly introduced sciences of philology, ethnology, and archaeology, fundamentally reshaping the Parsi conception of their religion and religious boundaries. / Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

Black Notes on Asia: Composite Figurations of Asia in the African American Transcultural Imagination, 1923-2013 sheds new light on the hitherto neglected engagements of African American writers and thinkers with various literary, cultural, and artistic traditions of Asia. Starting with a reevaluation of Lewis G. Alexander's transcultural remaking of haiku in 1923, this dissertation interrogates and revises the familiar interracial (read as "black-white") terms of the African American struggle for freedom and equality. While critics have long taken for granted these terms as the sine qua non of the African American literary imagination and practice, this dissertation demonstrates how authors like Alexander defied not only the implicit dichotomy of black-and-white but also the critical bias that represents African American literature as a nationally segregated tradition distinctly cut off from cultural sources beyond the border of the United States and made legible only within its narrowly racialized and racializing contexts. / African and African American Studies