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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

審計案件風險評估之研究

張麗真, ZHANG, LI-ZHEN Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,會計師被控簽證不實的案例層出不窮,其中雖不乏誤解會計師之簽證功能, 惟審計風險確實令會計師深感到威脅,故會計師宜如何評估和控制審計風險,此乃本 論文之研究動機。 本論文之研究目的即在探討審計風險之評估問題,暨其控制之道;並兼實證研究我國 會計師界對審計風險的認知態度,俾提出中肯的結論和建議,以有助於會計帥在現代 訴訟浪潮中尋求自保之道。 本論文之研究方法包括相關文獻之敘述性分析,以及郵寄方式之問卷調查。相關文獻 以美國學者之論著為主,用以歸納出審計風險之評估及控制過程;而實證部分則詢問 國內會計師界對審計風險的看法,及其對增進會計師重視審計風險之意見,以作為結 論和建議之依據。
52

Negociação entre aplicações de comércio eletrônico utilizando o padrão ebXML

Silva, Adilson Jeronimo da 19 December 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-04T21:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adilson J da Silva.pdf: 1679669 bytes, checksum: 027c6b4ba0a531ee2c3cb3524d5d47bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-19 / A necessidade de cortar custos e aumentar a produtividade, aliada à crescente disponibilização de padrões que visam garantir a interoperabilidade entre aplicações distintas, têm levado um crescente número de empresas a utilizar a Internet como principal meio de comunicação com os seus parceiros comerciais, estimulando o crescimento do comércio eletrônico B2B e conseqüentemente aumentando o interesse na automatização da fase de negociação, que normalmente precede a fase de interação eletrônica entre os parceiros comerciais, buscando assim a agilização de todo o processo de colaboração. O desenvolvimento de negociações eletrônicas de forma automatizada implica na definição de regras e mensagens que devem ser utilizadas pelas partes, durante o processo de negociação. O padrão ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language) especifica os componentes CPP (Collaboration Protocol Profile) e CPA (Collaboration Protocol Agreement) para serem utilizados na fase de negociação. O CPP descreve o perfil da empresa com relação a suas capacidades técnicas para o estabelecimento de um processo de negócio com outras empresas e o CPA é o acordo resultante da intersecção dos CPP dos parceiros comerciais envolvidos em um processo de colaboração de negócios. Estes componentes podem ser utilizados na automatização do processo de negociação, mas a especificação ebXML deixa em aberto a forma de geração automática do acordo de colaboração (CPA), assim como a forma de interação entre as empresas nesta fase. O problema é como efetuar a automatização desta interação e gerar automaticamente o acordo (CPA), a partir dos perfis (CPP) de cada empresa. Neste trabalho são analisadas as especificações ebXML e elaborada uma proposta para agilizar o processo de negociação, através da automatização da troca de mensagens que ocorre durante a fase de negociação e a geração de informações para auxiliar um negociador humano a tomar uma decisão final sobre um determinado processo de negociação, com a conseqüente geração de um acordo de colaboração (CPA). A proposta abrange a definição de um protocolo de negociação baseado em XML, para a troca de mensagens durante a fase de interação e a modelagem de um sistema para o controle destas mensagens e comparação das propostas de acordo, até a finalização do processo de negociação e, em caso de sucesso, com a geração do documento de acordo de colaboração. Para a validação da proposta foi desenvolvido um protótipo utilizando a linguagem Java e plataforma J2EE, abrangendo requisitos básicos para suportar um processo de negociação. Este protótipo foi implementado em um ambiente de testes com um cenário de uso envolvendo um processo de negociação entre duas empresas, visando estabelecer um processo de negócio de compra e venda.
53

Avaliação institucional numa Universidade Multicampi: diálogos, tensões e interfaces com o planejamento

Sais, Rafael Martins 22 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-24T13:04:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Martins Sais_.pdf: 1221967 bytes, checksum: c90befdcd2c36e71de32f7cb41fac1dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T13:04:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Martins Sais_.pdf: 1221967 bytes, checksum: c90befdcd2c36e71de32f7cb41fac1dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Nenhuma / O tema da avaliação institucional tem sido objeto de pesquisas e reflexões com vistas a qualificar a Universidade Brasileira. A Avaliação Institucional faz parte de uma política de Estado, bem como os processos de Regulação e acompanhamento da educação superior no Brasil. O Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior –SINAES foi instituído pela lei 10.861 de 14 de abril de 2004, sucedendo a outras experiências e processos na mesma direção. Abrange a avaliação das IES e dos Cursos de Graduação, se constituindo num instrumento para credenciamento e recredenciamento das Instituições. O Sistema inclui a aferição do desempenho dos estudantes através do Exame Nacional de Avaliação de Desempenho que complementa as demais modalidades de avaliação in loco, a partir de dez dimensões, configurando efetivamente um Sistema. Partindo do pressuposto de que os processos de avaliação visam a melhoria da qualidade da educação, das instituições e a efetividade da regulação da educação superior, o estudo aqui apresentado teve como propósito compreender em que medida os processos avaliativos, conduzidos internamente pela Comissão Própria de Avaliação de uma Instituição de Educação Superior, são efetivos dentro do que preconiza o SINAES. O intuito foi analisar o reflexo destas ações no planejamento institucional como uma forma de realimentação do ciclo de qualidade. Com um recorte específico do complexo Sistema, optamos por um olhar preferencial para o impacto da Avaliação Institucional na melhoria da gestão da IES. O estudo se caracterizou como um estudo de caso, focado numa Universidade Pública, criada em 2008, no formato multicampi, com campus em dez cidades gaúchas. Essa condição protagonizou uma trajetória inicial de Avaliação, sem referências nas políticas anteriores, exigindo um protagonismo importante da gestão e dos atores que lideraram esse processo. Para tal, numa perspectiva temporal, foram eleitos os períodos compreendidos entre 2008 e 2015, caracterizados por duas diferentes administrações da Universidade, o que permitiu um olhar mais abrangente e polissêmico. Os dados foram coletados através da análise documental e de entrevistas com gestores da Instituição e se submeteram a analise de conteúdo, utilizando o referencial de Bardin. Autores como Dias Sobrinho, Cunha, Ristoff e Sá orientaram o olhar teórico da investigação. O estudo favoreceu a compreensão e o registro da trajetória da Avaliação Institucional na Universidade revelando o impacto da questão geográfica nos processos de planejamento e avaliação. Indicou também, a relação entre o contexto vivido pela Instituição e os processos que redundaram na implantação do SINAES. Ficou evidente a complexidade do processo de Avaliação e sua relação com o Planejamento, incluindo diferentes normatizações e referenciais, mostrando também, como consequência, suas aproximações teóricas e práticas. Permitiu ainda, identificar os atores institucionais e seu envolvimento com o tema da avaliação e com a discussão de seus resultados buscando a construção de uma cultura de avaliação. Por fim, o estudo possibilitou algumas inferências sobre a condução do processo de avaliação da educação superior brasileira dentro do contexto de uma IES pública, explicitando impasses e possibilidades com vistas a avançar na direção de uma gestão pública eficiente. / The subject of the institutional evaluation has been the object of research and reflections in order to qualify the Brazilian University. The Institutional Evaluation is part of a State policy, as well as the processes of Regulation and follow-up of higher education in Brazil. The National System of Evaluation of Higher Education -SINAES was instituted by Law 10,861 of April 14, 2004, succeeding other experiences and processes in the same direction. It covers the evaluation of Higher educational institutions and Undergraduate Courses, becoming an instrument for accrediting and re-teaching Institutions. The system includes the measurement of student performance through the Performance Evaluation of National Examination that complements other forms of on-site evaluation, from ten dimensions, effectively setting up a system. Based on the assumption that evaluation processes are aimed to improve the quality of education, institutions and the effectiveness of higher education regulation. The purpose of this study was to understand to what extent the evaluation processes, conducted internally by the Self Evaluation Commission and institution of higher education, are effective within what advocates SINAES. The aim was to analyze the reflection of these actions in institutional planning as a form of feedback quality cycle. With a specific cut of the Sistema complex, we opted for a preferential look at the impact of Institutional Evaluation in improving the management of Higher Education Institutions. The study was characterized as a case study, focused on a Public University, created in 2008, in a multicampi format, with campus in ten cities of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. This condition led to an initial evaluation trajectory, without references in previous policies, requiring an important role of the management and the actors who led this process. To do this, from a time perspective, the periods between 2008 and 2015 were chosen, characterized by two different administrations of the University, which allowed a more comprehensive and polygenic view. Data were collected through documentary analysis and interviews with managers of the institution and submitted to the analysis of content, using the Bardin framework. Authors such as Dias Sobrinho, Cunha, Ristoff and Sa guided the theoretical look of the investigation. The study favored the understanding and registration of the trajectory of the Institutional Evaluation in the University revealing the impact of the geographic question on the planning and evaluation processes. It also pointed out the relationship between the context lived by the Institution and the processes that led to the implementation of SINAES. It was evident the complexity of the evaluation process and its relation to planning, including different norms and benchmarks, showing yet, as a result, their theoretical and practical approaches. It also allowed the identification of institutional actors and their involvement in the evaluation theme and the discussion of their results in order to build a culture of evaluation. Finally, the study allowed some inferences about the conduct of the process of evaluation in Brazilian higher education within the context of a public Higher educational institutions showing impasses and possibilities with a view moving towards efficient public management.
54

A articulação entre a autoavaliação e os processos de planejamento em instituições de ensino superior no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Bruschi, Giovana Fernanda Justino 04 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-17T13:54:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana Fernanda Justino Bruschi.pdf: 991588 bytes, checksum: ccfdfb84a8144ef07d1c03fe3b3da57a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T13:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana Fernanda Justino Bruschi.pdf: 991588 bytes, checksum: ccfdfb84a8144ef07d1c03fe3b3da57a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04 / Nenhuma / Uma gestão consistente que proporcione qualidade e sustentabilidade nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) é o que vem provocando debates no segmento educacional. A preocupação com resultados relativos ao SINAES (Sistema Nacional Avaliação da Educação Superior) desenvolvidos pelo Ministério da Educação é um dos pontos importantes deste processo. Uma das obrigações contidas no SINAES é o estabelecimento da CPA (Comissão Própria de Avaliação), a qual tem a finalidade de conduzir as avaliações internas em uma IES. As autoavaliações têm papel fundamental no desenvolvimento e melhorias nas instituições e desta forma, merecem destaque se usadas de forma efetiva como insumos para o planejamento da organização. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem a finalidade de identificar como ocorre a articulação entre os resultados das autoavaliações e os processos de planejamento em IES. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores e coordenadores responsáveis pela CPA e de Planejamento Estratégico ou PDI – Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional, todos de instituições de Ensino Superior, sendo privadas e públicas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As declarações dos entrevistados demostraram que todos estão conscientes da importância em existir articulação entre a autoavaliação e os processos de planejamento estratégico, contudo, não há relatos de uma metodologia, em nenhuma instituição, que determine um padrão de aplicação destas atividades sincronizadas, ou seja, a articulação é feita conforme a necessidade, por meio da entrega de relatórios para a reitoria e aos coordenadores. / A consistent management to provide quality and sustainability in higher education institutions is what has caused debate in the educational segment. The concern with results for the SINAES (National Higher Education Assessment System) developed by the Ministry of Education is one of the important points of this process. One of the obligations contained in SINAES is the establishment of the CPA (Committee for assessment), which aims to conduct internal evaluations in an IES. The self-assessments, under the responsibility of the CPA, play a fundamental role in the development and improvements in institutions and thus deserve attention if used effectively as inputs to the planning of the organization. Thus, this study aims to identify how is the relationship between the results of self-assessments and planning processes in IES. Several interviews were conducted with managers and coordinators responsible for CPA and Strategic Planning or PDI - Institutional Development Plan, all higher education institutions, and private and public in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The statements of the respondents showed that everyone is aware of the importance of coordination exists between self-assessment and strategic planning processes, however, there are no reports of a methodology, in any institution, to determine a pattern of synchronized application of these activities, the joint is made as needed, through the delivery of reports to the rectory and coordinators.
55

Étude thermodynamique de la formation d'hydrates en absence d'eau liquide : mesures et modélisation

Youssef, Ziad 12 October 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Dans les applications industrielles et lors des opérations de transport du gaz naturel, la présence d'eau sous forme liquide ou en phase vapeur peut entraîner la formation d'hydrates provoquant le colmatage des unités industrielles et des lignes de conduites et il est indispensable de définir précisément les seuils de déshydratation à réaliser, afin d'éviter la formation d'hydrates. Cela est réalisé à l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique qui prédit la stabilité des hydrates, en fonction de la température, de la pression et de la composition du gaz.Les modèles thermodynamiques classiques, développés uniquement sur la base de données expérimentales de formation d'hydrates en présence d'eau liquide, surestiment fortement la température de dissociation des hydrates en l'absence d'une phase aqueuse.Dans le but de définir un modèle thermodynamique capable de représenter convenablement les équilibres de phases vapeur-hydrate et prédire ainsi la température de dissociation des hydrates que l'on soit en présence ou en l'absence d'eau liquide, nous avons mis au point une méthodologie originale pour la détermination de la température de dissociation des hydrates de corps purs et de mélanges en l'absence d'eau liquide. Cette méthodologie, basée sur le suivi de la teneur en eau de phase vapeur, en fonction de la température par coulométrie Karl Fischer, a permis la détermination de la température de dissociation de plusieurs hydrates simples et mixtes à des teneurs en eau et pressions différentes ainsi que les quantités d'hydrates formées dans ces conditions.Sur la base de ces nouvelles données, nous avons défini un modèle thermodynamique basé sur l'utilisation de l'approche de Dharmawardhana pour le calcul de la fugacité de l'eau dans l'hydrate vide,le potentiel de Kihara pour le calcul de la constante de Langmuir et l'équation d'état CPA (Cubic Plus Association) pour la modélisation des phases fluides. Nous avons montré que l'utilisation de l'équation d'état CPA, capable de prendre en compte l'auto association de l'eau apporte une amélioration très significative.Le développement d'un flash biphasique hydrate-fluide nous a permis de calculer les quantités d'hydrates mixtes formées et de les comparer à nos données expérimentales.
56

Taktiskt ruttutbyte / Tactical route exchange

Thornberg, Markus, Manukyan, David January 2017 (has links)
Den tekniska utvecklingen har gjort att nya möjligheter har tillkommit för att säkra framförandet av fartyg och effektivisera ruttplaneringen. Ett av de effektiviseringssäten som för närvarande utvecklas är ruttutbyte. Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av ett simulerat scenario samt frågeformulär belysa eventuella risker förknippade med ruttutbyte till sjöss. Studien speglar deltagarnas upplevelse av den kritiska situationen som simuleringen återger och visar även skillnaden i beslutsfattandet mellan erfarna och oerfarna navigatörer. Tidigare forskning betonar till stor del fördelar med taktiskt ruttutbyte men mindre angående nackdelar med systemet. Med hjälp frågeformulär insamlades deltagarnas erfarenheter och upplevelser angående taktiskt ruttutbyte. Enligt scenariot var det planerat att ett av fartygen i trafikflödet skulle avvika från sin planerade rutt. Ruttutbyte har simulerats genom att visa fartygsrutter i ECDIS. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ett klart mönster mellan olika gruppers beslutsfattande och graden av pålitlighet till de i ECDIS visade rutterna för andra fartyg. Studien visar även att det finns en påtaglig risk för kollision om navigatörer följer ruttutbytet utan vidare kritisk granskning på grund av falsk trygghet. / The technical advances in the maritime sector have led to new possibilities to secure the safe passage of the vessels and improve the process of route planning. One example of such advances is route exchange. The purpose of this study was by means of simulation to pinpoint whether there are any probable risks connected with the tactical route exchange. This study reflected the experience of the participants of the critical situation portrayed in the simulation. It also takes in to account the difference of the decision-making between the different groups. These groups are composed of experienced navigators and unexperienced navigators. The study also describes the simulation from a fact-based standpoint. Earlier research describes mostly advantages of the tactical route exchange and in less degree the disadvantages of the tactical route exchange. The study has been composed by means of simulation at several occasions. With the help of questionnaires, a general picture has been compiled of the participants’ background, experience and the general opinion about the tactical route exchange. According to the prepared scenario there was one vessel which was intended to deviate from its intended route. The route exchange was projected in the ECDIS console. The result shows that there is a pattern between the different groups´ decision-making and the degree of reliability of the projected routes. The study also points out the obvious risk of collision dependent on the incompleteness of the system and weaknesses for the worst-case scenario which should be taken into account in the future upgrades of the system.
57

Secured-by-design FPGA against side-channel attacks based on power consumption

Almohaimeed, Ziyad Mohammed 31 August 2017 (has links)
Power Analysis Attacks pose serious threats to hardware implementations of cryptographic systems. To retrieve the secret key, the attackers can exploit the mutual information between power consumption and processed data / operations through monitoring the power consumption of the cryptosystems. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) have emerged as attractive implementation platforms for providing hardware-like performance and software-like flexibility for cryptosystem developers. These features come at the expense of larger power consumption, which makes FPGAs more vulnerable to power attacks. Different countermeasures have been introduced in the literature, but as they have originally been developed for Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), mapping them onto FPGAs degrades their effectiveness. In this work, we propose a logic family based on pass transistors, which essentially consists of hardware replication, that can be used to build FPGAs with constant power consumption. Since the power consumption is no longer related to processed data and operations, a quadruple robustness to attacks based on dynamic power consumption, static power consumption, glitches, and early evaluation effect is achieved. Such a secured-by-design FPGA will relieve the cryptosystems developers from doing advanced analog design to secure the cryptosystem implementation. Our pass-transistor logic family can also be used in implementing ASICs. The silicon area overhead costs are shown to be less than prior art, which makes our FPGA attractive to cryptosystems developers. / Graduate / 2018-07-26
58

Accountants and Accounting Educators' Perceptions of Accounting Certifications/Accreditations and Communication Divides

Bennerson, Brigitte A. 01 January 2017 (has links)
Global changes to business exchanges of goods, services, capital, technology, and knowledge requires accountants to have more diverse skill sets than in the past. Practitioners' documented concerns about accounting graduates' inability to function globally. The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was twofold: (a) to explore accounting practitioners' and educators' perceptions of the Certified Public Accountant and other accounting certifications and accreditations, and (b) to explore possible communication divides between accounting academia and professionals that may be creating a gap between what employers expect and what they receive from graduates. Phone interviews were conducted with 5 practicing accounting educators and 5 practicing accounting professionals. Using NVIVO, a thematic analysis was conducted to examine and analyze the data for patterns and opposing views. Half of the participants believe that the curriculum should be modified; they were not convinced that existing accounting curricula prepare students for the workplace, even if they passed the CPA exam. Despite being aware of other certifications and the relevancy of specific certifications for various job trajectories, educators and practitioners view the CPA certification as most valuable and most recognized. Six participants perceived a communication gap and a need for conversation, due to educators' detachment from accounting profession. This research serves to unify educators and practitioners to foster a learning environment conducive to preparing graduates to communicate and work in a global business because a highly skilled workforce will contribute to trust and sustainable value creation; ultimately improving the economy by building enduring businesses and communities.
59

A Study of Student Involvement Variables in Higher Education: Their Influence on Success on the Uniform CPA Examination

Campbell, Linda M. January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
60

Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption in One-Dimensional Optical Systems

Villinger, Massimo Maximilian 01 January 2015 (has links)
Absorption plays a critical role in a variety of optical applications – sometimes it is desirable to minimize it as in optical fibers and waveguides, or to enhance it as in solar cells and photodetectors. We describe here a new optical scheme that controllably produces high optical absorption over a broad wavelength range (hundreds of nm) in systems that have low intrinsic absorption over the same range. This effect, 'coherent perfect absorption' or CPA, arises from a subtle interplay between interference and absorption of two beams incident on a weakly absorbing medium. In the first part of this study, we present an analytical model that captures the relevant physics of CPA in one-dimensional photonic structures. This model elucidates an absorption-mediated interference effect that underlies CPA – an effect that is normally forbidden in Hermitian systems, but is allowed when conservation of energy is violated due to the inclusion of loss. As a concrete example, we consider a Fabry-Pérot resonator containing a lossy dielectric and confirm this model through a computational study of a 1-micron-thick silicon layer in a cavity formed of dispersive mirrors with aperiodic multilayer design. We confirm that one may achieve 100% absorption in this thin silicon layer (whose intrinsic absorption is only ~ 3%) in the near-infrared. We then design two device models using few-micron-thick aperiodic planar dielectric mirrors and demonstrate (computationally, as well as experimentally) spectrally flat, coherently enhanced absorption at the theoretical limit in a 2-micron-thick film of polycrystalline silicon embedded in symmetric and asymmetric cavities. This coherent effect is observed over an octave-spanning wavelength range of ~800 – 1600 nm utilizing incoherent light in the near-infrared, exploiting mirrors that have wavelength-dependent reflectivity devised to counterbalance the decline in silicon's intrinsic absorption at long wavelengths. We anticipate that the design principles established here may be extended to other materials, broader spectral ranges, and large surface areas. Finally, we study the effect of the angle of incidence on CPA in planar structures. The results of this study point to a path for realizing CPA in such systems continuously over large bandwidths.

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