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Les difficultés scolaires des jeunes Inuit du Nunavik sont une préoccupation de longue date pour les organismes de la région et pour les deux paliers de gouvernement. Ces difficultés s’inscrivent dans un ensemble de problèmes socioéconomiques avec lesquels le Nunavik est aux prises, dont une crise du logement, la pauvreté, la violence conjugale et la toxicomanie. Ces problèmes ont poussé certains chercheurs à décrire le Nunavik comme une société anomique qui, en plus d’avoir des besoins criants en termes de ressources humaines et matérielles, souffre de l’absence de normes sociales fortes et communes. Partant de cette piste de réflexion, nous avons posé la question : quel est l’impact de l’école sur les normes sociales au Nunavik ? Nous avons constaté dans la littérature une diversité de cadres d’analyse et une diversité de solutions proposées, mais peu de communications entre ces cadres. Adoptant une approche herméneutique, nous avons utilisé les trois cadres théoriques les plus importants, identifiés comme la théorie dominante (discordance culturelle), les théories alternatives (dysfonction normative/culturelle) et les théories critiques en éducation, afin d’analyser la situation du Nunavik et proposer des interventions pour pallier ces problèmes. Par la suite, nous avons comparé ces analyses afin d’en faire ressortir les complémentarités et identifier des pistes de solution pour le futur. / The academic difficulties of young Inuit in Nunavik have been a long-time preoccupation for organizations working in the region and the provincial and federal governments. These difficulties are part of a set of related socioeconomic problems facing Nunavik communities: a housing crisis, poverty, domestic violence and substance abuse are the main ones. These problems have pushed certain researchers to describe Nunavik as an anomic society which, on top of having urgent needs for more human and financial resources, has to cope with the absence of strong and common social norms. Starting from that reflection, we inquired: What is the effect of schools on social norms in Nunavik? In the literature, various answers to this question are suggested, along with suggestions to fix the issue, but these different theories rarely communicate with each other. We therefore used a hermeneutical approach by using the three most important theories, i.e. the cultural discontinuity/mismatch theory, the normative inversion theory and the critical pedagogy theories, to analyze the situation and suggest interventions. After treating the theories separately, we compared them to reveal their tensions and similarities and suggest further solutions for the future.

Denna studie framhäver behovet av inkluderande undervisning inom idrott och hälsa med fokus på icke-binära individer. Målet i skolan är  att skapa en rättvis och delaktig skolmiljö. Skolverket betonar vikten av inkludering, jämställdhet och normkritik i skolan. Detta arbete undersöker strategier för att öka medvetenheten om genusfrågor och motivera icke-binära elever inom idrott och hälsa undervisningen.  Icke-binära personer möter utmaningar och fördomar, särskilt inom idrott där traditionella könsnormer fortfarande råder. Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka vad blivande idrottslärare upplever är utmaningen med att inkludera elever som idenifierar sig som ickebinär i idrott och hälsa undervisnignen. Denna studien utgår från två olika frågeställningar som betonar framtida lärares syn på inkluderande idrott och hälsa undervisningen för icke-binära. Studien använde kvalitativa metoder. Särskilt semistrukturerade intervjuer för att undersöka blivande idrottslärares syn på inkludering av icke-binära elever. Åtta respondenter i åldrarna 20-29 år, intervjuades. Insamling och bearbetning av data involverade transkriberingar och ljudinspelningar för att analysera.  Resultaten pekar på problem med omklädningsrum, idrottsdagar och simlektioner. Åtgärder inkluderar dialog och anpassningar. Inkluderande undervisning betyder delaktighet oavsett kön. Respondenterna önskade mer utbildning om olika genus och föreslår ändrat ordval samt undvikande av uppdelning i tjejer/killar. Diskussionen belyser brister i förberedelser och kunskap. Resultaten betonar behovet av ökad utbildning och stöd för att hantera komplexiteten i inkluderingen för icke-binära. Metoddiskussionen framhäver användningen av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fortsatt behov av studier kring ämnet och att följa upp lärarnas praktiska arbete samt undersöka icke-binära perspektiv. / This study highlights the need for inclusive education in Physical Education with a focus on non-binary individuals. The goal in the school is to create a fair and inclusive school enviroment. The national Board of Education emphasizes the importance of inclusion, equality and critique of norms in school. This work examines strategies to raise awareness of gender issues and motivate non-binary students in physical education. Non-binary people encounter challenges and prejudice, especially in sports where traditional gender norms still prevail. The purpose of this study is to investigate what future Physical Education teachers experience as the challenge of including students who identify as non-binary in Physical Education. This is based on two different issues that emphasize future teachers’ views on inclusive in physical education for non- binary people. The study used qualitative methods. Specifically semi-structured interviews to investigate future physical education teachers’ views on the inclusion of non-binary students. Eight respondents aged 20 - 29 years old, were interviewed. Collection and processing of data involved transcriptions and audio recordings for analysis. The results point to problems with changing rooms, sports days and swimming lessons in school. Actions include dialogue and adaptations. Inclusive education means participation regardless of gender. The respondents wanted more education about different genders and suggest changing the choice of words and avoiding the division into girls/boys. The discussion highlights shortcomings in preparation and knowledge. The Findings highlight the need for increased education and support to address the complexities of non-binary inclusion. The method discussion highlights the use of semi-structured interviews. Continued need for studies around the subject and to follow up the  teachers’ practical work and examine non-binary perspectives.

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como tema as perspectivas docentes sobre o corpo como estrutura de significação em processos de construção de sentidos em situações de ensino-aprendizagem do ensino superior em Design da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Entendendo o Design como fenômeno de comunicação e linguagem, de cunho multimodal e multissensorial; como práxis contextualmente situada de produção de sentidos, partimos do pressuposto que os processos formativos em Design demandam a estruturação de práticas pedagógicas com ênfase na percepção, análise e reflexão sobre os sentidos implicados em sua produção em abordagem incorporada - o conhecimento corporificado e territorializado (Merleau-Ponty, 1999; Maturana, 2002[1998]). Contrapõe-se a isto a problemática do corpo enquanto construtor de sentidos em contextos da educação formal, caracterizado pela natureza marginal e acessória de sua presença nos processos de aprendizagem (Rufino, 2013; Kastrup, 2001; Freire, 2018; hooks, 2013). Somam-se a este complexo os efeitos do confinamento e virtualização da vida e educação nos anos da Pandemia Covid-19. Diante deste quadro, o objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar os sentidos negociados sobre o corpo por sujeitos implicados nas práticas formativas do ensino superior em Design. Assumindo a cartografia (Deleuze; Guattari, 1997; Passos; Kastrup; Escóssia, 2009) como postura epistemológica e abordagem teórico-metodológica, o presente trabalho se desenvolve pelo fazer-emergir das perspectivas e gestos pedagógicos sobre o corpo no contexto de pesquisa, a partir de observação participante e entrevistas com docentes de instituições de ensino superior em Design. Tomamos como objetos as práticas de sala de aula e discursos docentes. A partir destes, buscamos explicitar posições e leituras de mundo heterogêneas sobre as formas de fazer e aprender no campo do Design - não para solucionar o problema-corpo no Ensino no momento em que a pesquisa se desenvolve, mas para inventar e formular problemas sobre o corpo, que permitam a comunidade pedagógica traçar estratégias de reposicionamento do corpo na práxis educativa em Design. / [en] This thesis addresses the teaching perspectives on the body as a significant structure of significance in processes of meaning-making in teaching-learning situations of Higher Design Education at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Understanding design as a phenomenon of communication and language, multimodal and multisensory, and as a contextually situated practice of the production of senses, we start from the assumption that the formative processes in design require the structuring of pedagogical practices with emphasis on perception, analysis and reflection on the senses involved in their production in an embodied approach - the corporatized and territorialized knowledge (Merleau-Ponty, 1999; Varela, 1992; Maturana, 2002[1998]). The problem of the body as a constructor of senses in contexts of formal education, characterized by the marginal and accessory character of its presence in learning processes, is opposed to this. (Simas e Rufino, 2018; Kastrup, 2001; Freire, 2018; hooks, 2013). To this complex are added the effects of the confinement and virtualization of life and education in the years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Against this background, the aim of this study is to explore the senses negotiated in the educational practices of the design school. Drawing on cartography (Deleuze and Guattari, 1997; Passos, Kastrup and Escóssia, 2009) as an epistemological stance and theoretical-methodological approach, this paper develops from participant observation and interviews with faculty members of the institution by elaborating the perspectives and pedagogical gestures on the body in the context of research, from participating observation and interviews with faculty members of the research. We take teaching practices and teaching speeches as objects. From this we attempt to draw out heterogeneous positions and interpretations of the world about how to work and learn in design. This is not about solving the problem of the body in teaching as research develops, but about inventing and framing problems in relation to the body that enable the pedagogical community to develop strategies for repositioning the body in pedagogical practice in design.

潘宇軒. / "2008年9月". / "2008 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-213) and index. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Pan Yuxuan. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒論：硏究背景 / Chapter 1 --- 個人背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- 本港通識教育的發展背景 --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- 擴闊、補充、對照中六專科課程的「高補通識」 --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- 作爲新高中核心課程的「新高中通識」及相關爭議 --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- 「初中通識」的備戰角色 --- p.7 / Chapter 2.31 --- 教育部門對初中綜合人文科的支援(2001-2006) --- p.8 / Chapter 2.32 --- 教育局近期對初中通識的取態(2006-2008) --- p.9 / 小結 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二章： --- 理論框架 / Chapter 1. --- 弗萊雷的批判教育學 --- p.13 / Chapter 2. --- 女性主義教育學的關注 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- 個體差異與性別氣質的建構 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- 符合倫理的對話 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- 批判/女性主義教育學 --- p.17 / Chapter 3. --- 課程改革中的建構主義教學觀與通識教育 --- p.18 / Chapter 第三章： --- 硏究設計及田野的情境脈絡 / Chapter 1. --- 本港有關通識教育課程實施的硏究 --- p.22 / Chapter 2. --- 硏究問題 --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- 硏究方法及硏究實踐 --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- 硏究者的「參與」位置 --- p.26 / Chapter 4. --- 思賢中學是怎樣的第三組別學校？ --- p.31 / Chapter 4.1 --- 社區特色 --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2 --- 思賢中學的特色 --- p.32 / Chapter 4.21 --- 學校氣氛與教育空間 --- p.33 / Chapter 5. --- 思賢中學的初中通識課程 --- p.37 / Chapter 第四章： --- 從教師角度看通識的教與學 / Chapter 1. --- 郭老師的教育理念及教學觀 --- p.39 / Chapter 1.1 --- 人本主義教育理念 --- p.39 / Chapter 1.2 --- 在舊校通識科教學中的成長 --- p.42 / Chapter 1.3 --- 從第一組別學校到第三組別學校 --- p.44 / Chapter 2. --- 中一義班通識課堂的基本面貌 --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1 --- 課堂基本設置及時間分配 --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2 --- 學生的互動情形 --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3 --- 學生對學習內容的理解 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4 --- 教與學的設施及用品 --- p.51 / Chapter 2.5 --- 學生展示的關注 --- p.51 / Chapter 2.6 --- 郭老師在教學上的應對 --- p.52 / Chapter 2.7 --- Yal Sir的工作/角色 --- p.54 / Chapter 3. --- 「師之過？」一郭老師在通識教學的困難及矛盾 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1 --- 課堂的互動 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- 支援學習的資源 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.21 --- 教室的硬件資源 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.22 --- 學生的語言特色與物質資源 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.23 --- 學生的「文化資本」 --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3 --- 從「免費報紙」看通識學習資源的意義 --- p.73 / 小結 --- p.74 / Chapter 第五章： --- 從學生角度看學習與通識 / Chapter 1. --- 「覺得唔啱聽囉！」´ؤ´ؤ「悶」與學習的意義 --- p.76 / Chapter 2. --- 「咁多功課，好煩呀！」´ؤ´ؤ由課業任務的「難」到「煩」 --- p.78 / Chapter 2.1 --- 「攞唔到，麻煩囉！」一學習資源，不只是學習問題 --- p.84 / Chapter 3. --- 「真係煩呀，畀你喇！」´ؤ´ؤ「煩」與陽剛氣質建構的學習空間 --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1 --- 「成日煩住你！」一女生在學習互動上的煩惱 --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2 --- 「你揀到咩？派¯ا入嚟咋嘛！」一第三組別基層男生的陽剛氣質 --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3 --- 「唔粗魯¯إø，佢唔會走。」一女生回應陽剛氣質的兩難 --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4 --- 「我走嚟走去，做皇帝！」´ؤ´ؤ當中產陽剛氣質遇上基層陽剛氣質 --- p.109 / Chapter 3.5 --- 「神經質架佢...佢自己又飛機場喎!」´ؤ´ؤ對抗教師權威的性別權力 --- p.111 / Chapter 3.6 --- 「好想鬧佢」一非主流男生的學習處境 --- p.113 / Chapter 3.7 --- 「你講¯ا好多次嘞，煩到死！」´ؤ´ؤ「如魚得不到水」的基層陽剛男生 --- p.120 / Chapter 4. --- 爭霸陽剛氣質在中一義班發展的趨向 --- p.122 / Chapter 5. --- 「播近嘢，唔會嘈嘅。」´ؤ´ؤ喘息/逃離的空間 --- p.126 / 小結 --- p.127 / Chapter 第六章： --- 從批判/女性主義教育學看通識教育的可能與限制 / Chapter 1. --- 批判思考、生活經驗與課程組織 --- p.130 / Chapter 2. --- 以批判思考提升學生對生活經驗的認知 --- p.136 / Chapter 3. --- 中一義班需要怎樣的通識課程？ --- p.143 / Chapter 3.1 --- 在通識課程中融入脈絡化的性別教育 --- p.145 / Chapter 3.2 --- 脈絡化的「故事」：課程的重要素材 --- p.149 / Chapter 3.3 --- 專題硏習與行動硏究 --- p.156 / Chapter 4. --- 批判/女性主義教育學與課堂中的權力 --- p.159 / Chapter 4.1 --- 溫習課的例子 --- p.159 / Chapter 4.2 --- 從權力角度理解學生的沉默 --- p.162 / Chapter 4.3 --- 教師的批判角色與關懷角色 --- p.165 / Chapter 4.4 --- 對沉默的學生的支持 --- p.171 / Chapter 5. --- 在通識教育科中實踐批判/女性主義教育學的結構障礙 --- p.172 / Chapter 5.1 --- 公開試的回洗效應 --- p.172 / Chapter 5.2 --- 班級人數與知識建構 --- p.177 / 小結 --- p.180 / Chapter 第七章： --- 結語 / Chapter 1. --- 怎樣的建構主義教學觀？ --- p.185 / Chapter 2. --- 批判/女性主義教育學對建構主義教學觀的回應 --- p.189 / Chapter 3. --- 通識教育科在建構知識的課程中的定位 --- p.193 / Chapter 4. --- 在教育改革中建構通識教師身份 --- p.199 / 參考文獻 --- p.207-213 / 圖表索引 --- p.214 / 附錄 / 附錄一：中一義班上學期分組/小組協作課堂及不分組課堂的分佈 --- p.215 / 附錄二 ：中一義班部分同學對金錢的看法 --- p.216 / 附錄三：中一義班部分女生的自我建構 --- p.217-220 / 附錄四：課堂回應表 --- p.221 / 附錄五：學生學習生活問卷調查 --- p.222 / 附錄六：合作教師個人訪談大綱 --- p.223 / 附錄七：學生焦點小組訪談大綱 --- p.224 / 附錄八：一般課堂觀察 --- p.225 / 附錄九：硏究資料的搜集及倫理考量(致校方文件） --- p.226 / 附錄十：「理想我」（ideal self)工作紙 --- p.227 / 附錄十一:「需要」（needs)與「慾望」（wants)課堂設計 --- p.228-229 / 附錄十二： 新高中學制宣傳片(家長篇） --- p.230

Thesis (PhD (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / In this dissertation I critically explore school governance in relation to a liberal conception of deliberative democracy incorporating an argument for democratic citizenship. The notion of decentralisation and representative democracy informed collective decision making with the advent of South Africa’s constitutional democracy. This emphasis on participatory democracy aims to enhance nation building/citizenship as South Africa endeavours to sever its ties with its Apartheid past. Entrenched in the practice of representative democracy particularly in the context of schools is educational governance implemented through School Governing Bodies (SGBs). I argue that the legitimate learner and parent voices seem to be excluded from SGB practices – a notion which reinforces the presence of weak democratic practices. My concern is that SGBs in disadvantaged communities do not necessarily adhere to the tenets of democracy as accentuated in the Constitution of South Africa, incorporating the Bill of Rights and the South African Schools Act (SASA of 1996). A weak form of democratic practice seems to manifest itself when the SASA and the implementation thereof are inconsistent with each other, resulting in school governance practices operating in a manner contrary to what the Act purports. The promotion of democracy customarily involves protecting the legitimate (individual and community) interests of all. It is in this context that this dissertation attempts to find a route towards stronger democratic practices, therefore endorsing some of the principles of the South African Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the SASA. I argue that SGB practices seem to undermine these legitimate interests thus posing a dilemma for democracy. In addition current SGBs do not seemingly establish conditions according to which deliberative democratic practices can be achieved. And, unless SGBs also connect deliberative practices with citizenship as well as to “experiencing what is Other”, it would remain weakly democratic. For deliberative practices to happen I propose that conditions ought to be established whereby reasonableness and the incorporation of “the Other”, that is, learners and parents need to be included through pedagogic attentiveness – what can epistemologically referred to as “witnessing the “unknowability of the Other”, can counter such a weak democracy. In other words by including the marginalised voices that are seemingly excluded from SGBs, the potential to move towards strong democratic practices shall be enhanced.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Leadership development is an essential and valuable tool for capacitating police leaders in the South African Police Service to deal with the diverse challenges that they face in the policing environment. There seem to be a need for leadership development processes that can stimulate change, and for perspective transformation to enable police leaders to find alternative ways of dealing with the challenges experienced in their working environment. This thesis explored transformative learning as a tool to enhance the leadership development processes of police leaders. The essential elements of transformative learning are: centrality of experience; critical thinking; rational discourse; and policy praxis. Theory development were chosen as best to carefully construct the foundational argument through non-empirical literary-based sources, in which the literature itself became the database towards theoretical formulation in this non-empirical study. The alignment and integration of the elements of transformative learning were explored as a strategy to capacitate police leaders to: reflect on past experiences; think critically about ways of dealing with policing challenges based on experiences; discuss these challenges with other police leaders; and act on reflections made during leadership development processes. The study is limited to the analysis of the status of leadership development in the South African Police Service, which was the context of this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Leierskapsontwikkeling is ‘n essensiële en waardevolle hulpmiddel om leiers in die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens te bemagtig om die uiteenlopende uitdagings waarmee hulle te kampe het, beter te hanteer. Dit blyk egter dat daar ‘n behoefte is vir leierskapsontwikkelingprosesse wat intrinsieke verandering en ‘n paradigmaskuif vir polisieleiers te weeg kan bring en wat hulle in staat kan stel om die uitdagings binne hul beroepsveld meer doeltreffend te hanteer. Hierdie tesis ondersoek transformatiewe leerteorie as ‘n instrument om leierskapsontwikkeling van polisieleiers te bevorder. Die hoofelemente van transformatiewe leerteorie is: sentralisering van ondervinding; kritiese denke; rasionele diskoers en beleidsvorming. Teorie-ontwikkeling as navorsingsmetodologie was selekteer as die mees geskikste metodologie om die argument deur nie-empiriese literêre bronne te konstrueer, waarvolgens die gekose literatuur die databasis van die teoretiese formulasie rondom die argument gevorm het in hierdie nie-empiriese studie. Groepering en integrasie van bogenoemde elemente was ondersoek as ‘n strategie om polisieleiers te bemagtig om te reflekteer oor vorige ondervindinge; kritiese denkwyses oor hantering van uitdagings in beroepsveld met inagneming van vorige ondervindinge toe te pas; diskoers oor uitdagings met ander polisieleiers te hê en om aktief te reageer op refleksies tydens leierskapsontwikkelingsprosesse. Die studie is beperk tot die analise van die status van leierskap in die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens as konteks waarbinne hierdie studie onderneem is.

Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with an analysis of Mozambican education policy documents, linking this analysis to theories of democratic citizenship education. It suggests that, for Mozambican people to become active citizens who are able to face and challenge their social problems, a deliberative democratic citizenship education has to be adopted in their schools. In such deliberation the citizens should participate equally and freely in different debates and activities, without feeling intimidated by those in power. If such deliberative democratic citizenship education does not exist in schools, the citizens may not be able to recognise their rights and find solutions for the problems in society. The ideas of philosophers of deliberative democratic citizenship education, such as Amy Gutmann and David Thompson, Seyla Benhabib and Iris Marion Young, are used to think about democratic citizenship education in Mozambique. This analysis assists in answering the following research question: ‘Can the education policies in schools contribute to promoting democratic citizenship education in the Mozambican society? If not, what should be done?’ Furthermore, interpretive methodology and analytical inquiry are applied as methods to interpret and understand the education policy documents and to undertake a critical analysis of the concept of democratic citizenship education, as well as of education policy documents. The analysis of Mozambican education policy documents illustrates clearly that the government is concerned about the eradication of illiteracy, by increasing access to education, equality and quality of education, and the preparation of citizens who know their basic rights and can contribute to the development of their communities and democracy. The results demonstrate that the government is achieving some of the goals related to access to education. For instance, the government increased the number of primary schools from 7 013 in 1999 to 11 859 in 2008. However, more still needs to be done with respect to the quality of education. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Mozambican education policies lack democratic citizenship education. For instance, the education policies were analysed in three distinct periods, namely post-independence, post-civil war and the period of the Millennium Development Goals. The policies are indicated to be inadequate to cultivate democratic citizens in Mozambican society, particularly because there is a need to boost a deliberative democratic citizenship education in schools. For example, in the first period, citizens did not have an opportunity to deliberate and be autonomous citizens in the educative process. Everything was done by the government. In the second period the government allowed the participation of other organisations, communities and institutions in the educative process, but there is no specification of how those citizens participated in the process of decision making. In the third period the government became concerned about important aspects and values of democratic citizenship education that should be taught directly in school. In this context the government introduced Civic and Moral Education and themes to be discussed in the classroom, which potentially will enable citizens to be critical. This situation shows that, in public schools, teachers should educate learners through classroom deliberations. It implies that teachers need to create conditions for the teaching and learning process so that all citizens, independent of their origin, class, sex and race, can participate and work together in deliberation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor ’n analise van Mosambiekse onderwysbeleidsdokumente, en verbind hierdie analise aan teorieë van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys. Dit stel voor dat vir Mosambiekers om aktiewe burgers te word wat die vermoë het om hulle sosiale probleme te konfronteer en uit te daag, ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in hulle skole nodig is. In sulke beraadslaging moet burgers op ’n gelyke voet en vrylik aan debatte of aktiwiteite deelneem, sonder dat hulle deur die maghebbers geïntimideer word. Indien so ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys nie in die skole bestaan nie, sal burgers moontlik nie hulle regte herken nie en ook nie oplossings vir die samelewing se probleme kan vind nie. Die idees van filosowe van beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys soos Amy Gutmann en David Thompson, Seyla Benhabib en Iris Marion Young is gebruik om demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in Mosambiek te oorweeg. Hierdie analise dra daartoe by om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: ‘Kan die onderwysbeleide in skole ’n bydrae maak tot die bevordering van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in die Mosambiekse samelewing? Indien nie, wat moet gedoen word?’ Verder is verklarende metodologie en analitiese ondersoek as metodes gebruik om die onderwysbeleidsdokumente te interpreteer en te verstaan en om ’n kritiese analise van die konsep van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys, sowel as van die onderwysbeleidsdokumente, te onderneem. Die analise van Mosambiekse onderwysbeleidsdokumente toon duidelik dat die regering ernstig is oor die uitwissing van ongeletterdheid, met toenemende toegang tot onderwys, gelyke en kwaliteitopvoeding, en die voorbereiding van burgers wat bewus is van hulle basiese regte en ’n bydrae kan maak tot die ontwikkeling van hulle gemeenskappe en die demokrasie. Die resultate toon dat die regering sommige van sy doelwitte behaal met betrekking tot toegang tot onderwys. Byvoorbeeld, die regering het die aantal laerskole vermeerder van 7 013 in 1999 tot 11 859 in 2008. Meer moet egter nog gedoen word met betrekking tot die kwaliteit van onderwys. Die studie demonstreer verder dat Mosambiekse onderwysbeleide ’n gebrek aan demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys toon. Die onderwysbeleide is byvoorbeeld in drie afsonderlike tydperke geanaliseer, naamlik ná onafhanklikheid, ná die burgeroorlog en in die tydperk van die Millennium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte. Die beleide is duidelik onvoldoende om demokratiese burgers in die Mosambiekse samelewing daar te stel, veral omdat daar nog ’n behoefte daaraan is om ’n beraadslagende demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys in skole ’n hupstoot te gee. Byvoorbeeld, in die eerste tydperk is burgers nie die geleentheid gegun om te beraadslaag en as outonome burgers in die onderwysproses op te tree nie. Alles is deur die regering gedoen. In die tweede tydperk het die regering deelname deur ander organisasies, gemeenskappe en instansies in die onderwysproses toegelaat. Maar daar is geen aanduiding van hoe hierdie burgers in die besluitnemingsproses deelgeneem het nie. In die derde tydperk was die regering besorgd oor belangrike aspekte en waardes van demokratiese burgerskapsonderwys wat direk in die skool onderrig moet word. In hierdie konteks het die regering Burgerleer en Sedeleer en temas wat in die klaskamer bespreek moet word, ingevoer wat burgers potensieel sal help om krities te wees. Hierdie situasie toon dat onderwysers in staatskole leerders in klaskamerberaadslaging moet opvoed. Dit impliseer dat onderwysers vir die onderrig- en leerproses toestande moet skep waarin alle burgers, ongeag hulle oorsprong, klas, geslag en ras, kan deelneem en saam kan beraadslaag.

This study detected and explored the existence of two proposed school cultures, the use of leader actions by principals, and the relationships between them, of a sample of 42 public schools in Southeast Florida. A quantitative non-experimental design was used, guided by eight research questions. One instrument, the BSJQ, was created for the purposes of detecting school normative cultures and another, the SLQ, was refined and used to detect principal leader actions. The existence of Business and Social Justice cultures was confirmed, and three latent cultures of Standards Performance, Democratic Community and Equity Curriculum were discovered. Of the schools participating, 74% had at least one of these cultures. The use of four leader actions was measured and statistically associated with different detected cultures. Managing/Transforming and Bridging actions were associated with all, Bonding was associated with all except the Equity Curriculum culture, and Bartering was associated only with the Business/Standards Performance culture. The schools' context had limited impact on the relationship between actions and culture. / Only higher student poverty increased the principal's use of Managing/Transforming actions in schools with a Democratic Community culture. Four principal demographics - years as principal, years at the school, undergraduate major, and level of graduate study - had a actions and school culture. The study reinforces Pisapia's (2009) theory of strategic leadership, develops new instrumentation to measure cultures associated with social justice and accountability, and provides guidance to principals and those who educate them on leader actions associated with desired school cultures. / by Daniel Reyes-Guerra. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The purpose of this study was to discover how ethnicity, gender, and mentoring influenced the career experiences of Jamaican administrators in Sunshine County Public Schools (SCPS), a pseudonym that was used for a large public school district in Florida. This qualitative, phenomenological study focused on the career experiences of eight Jamaican administrators in SCPS. Seven of the participants were all native-born Jamaicans and one was a first generation Jamaican, born in England to Jamaican parents and raised in Jamaica until the age of 14. The researcher gained this understanding by interviewing participants in-depth about how their Jamaican ethnicity, gender, and personal mentoring experiences impacted their personal and professional journey as administrators in SCPS. Findings and conclusions will inform mentoring and educational leadership literature on strategies for success geared toward this understudied population. / by Denise P. Barrett-Johnson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.