O desenvolvimento da Indústria Automobilística mundial como também a brasileira, se caracteriza pela importância cada vez maior de projetos conjuntos entre montadoras e seus fornecedores, os quais passaram de meros fornecedores de componentes, para parceiros de desenvolvimento e tecnologia, compartilhando investimentos e riscos, tornando a gestão dos projetos com fornecedores um fator estratégico de suma importância para as montadoras. Para pesquisar a evolução dos fatores críticos de sucesso na Gestão de Projetos Automotivos no Brasil, foram estudados 3 projetos sucessivos de desenvolvimento de painéis para veículos comerciais, ocorridos em uma grande montadora no período de 1988 a 2002. Baseado em avaliações bibliográficas relativas à Qualidade, à Gestão de Projetos e à Gestão de Fornecedores, definiu-se pela utilização do modelo de excelência do EFQM, o Project Excellence Model para pesquisa e classificação dos fatores críticos de sucesso dos projetos. Participantes desses três projetos e stakeholders nos diversos níveis hierárquicos da montadora e dos fornecedores foram entrevistados e através da metodologia dos incidentes críticos, levantados os principais fatores positivos que levaram à sucessos e fatores negativos que ocasionaram insucessos ao projeto. A classificação desses fatores através de Critérios e Categorias permitiu a comparação sistemática dos projetos e a definição dos fatores críticos de sucesso e dos fatores de sucesso. Pesquisas na literatura e consultas aos autores e a participantes de projetos de desenvolvimento de painéis em outras montadoras mostraram tendências semelhantes aos dos três projetos, realçando o aumento das responsabilidades dos fornecedores pelo desenvolvimento e fornecimento de sistemas com base na engenharia simultânea e codesign. Estas pesquisas mostraram a aplicabilidade dos Critérios do Project Excellence Model para a classificação dos fatores críticos na gestão dos projetos e a necessidade de uma subdivisão destes em Categorias. / The worldwide development of the Automotive Industry, as well as the Brazilian one, is characterized by the increase of importance of common projects of the automotive industries and their suppliers, which have passed from merely part suppliers to partners of development and technology, sharing investment and risks, transforming the project management with suppliers into a strategic factor of huge importance for the automotive industries. To investigate the critical success factors of Brazilian Automotive Project Management, it was studied three successive development projects of panels for commercial vehicles occurred between 1988 and 2002 in an important automotive industry. Based on literature research related to Quality, Project Management and Supplier Management, it was defined the application of the EFQM Project Excellence Model to research and classify the critical success factors of those projects. Participants of the three projects and stakeholders at different levels from the Automotive Industry and their Suppliers were interviewed and through the critical incident methodology, were detected the main positive factors, that lead to success and the main negative factors that lead to unsuccessfulness of the projects. The classification of those factors in Criteria and Categories allowed a systematic comparison of the projects and the definition of the critical success factors and the success factors. Research of the literature and interviews with participants on panel ´s development projects in other Automotive Industries showed the same tendencies of the three projects, which emphasized the increased responsibilities of the suppliers regarding the development and supplying of systems based on simultaneous engineering and co design. These researches showed the applicability of the Project Excellence Model Criteria in the classification of the project’s critical success factors and success factors and also showed the necessity of a subdivision, in Categories.

Esta tese tem por fim facilitar o desenvolvimento da indústria marítima brasileira. Os clusters industriais são amplamente reconhecidos como fontes de promoção da evolução tecnológica e por impactar positivamente em muitos aspectos do desenvolvimento regional. Por outro lado, os estaleiros de construção e reparo naval são tidos como estratégicos a soberania de muitos países, função do largo emprego de mão-de-obra e por produzir bens que possibilitem o fortalecimento das relações comerciais entre estados e países. Sendo a convergência destas duas situações bastante promissoras, decidiu-se focar esforços em propor um modelo de referência que pudesse ser empregado para desenvolvimento de clusters de indústrias marítimas. Estudos empíricos sobre clusters de indústrias relatam algumas externalidades positivas características, observadas em clusters bem-sucedidos. Outros trabalhos desenvolveram estudos sobre alguns fatores que são fundamentais ao sucesso de clusters. Existem ainda aqueles que externam algumas ações que foram tomadas para o desenvolvimento de clusters diversos. Esta tese propõe confluir estes trabalhos, encontrando as relações entre as ações, os fatores que condicionam o sucesso de clusters de indústria marítima e suas externalidades positivas para estabelecer uma proposta de modelo de ações para o desenvolvimento e consolidação de clusters de indústria marítima. Neste trabalho foi feita também, a avaliação dos reflexos das externalidades destes fatores que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de clusters nos fatores críticos de sucesso das empresas individuais. Para materialização desta proposta, estudou-se diversos trabalhos teóricos e empíricos sobre clusters industriais, situados tanto em países desenvolvidos como nos ainda em desenvolvimento. A premissa básica do trabalho foi determinar que fatores são determinantes para o desenvolvimento de clusters e quais objetivos estratégicos deveriam ser seguidos para que se pudesse consegui-los. Os esforços de pesquisa resultaram na materialização de uma proposta de modelo estratégico genérico, que, com as devidas adequações as características e necessidades regionais específicas, pode ser empregado para o desenvolvimento de qualquer cluster de indústria marítima. Em uma segunda etapa do trabalho, foi proposta a aplicação do modelo de referência para o desenvolvimento do cluster marítimo da região de Itajaí e Navegantes, em Santa Catarina. Para tanto, foi feita pesquisa de campo em pouco mais de 40 atores regionais, com a finalidade de determinar o estágio de desenvolvimento do cluster e qual nível de evolução e presença dos fatores que levam um cluster a ser bem-sucedido. Após a aplicação hipotética da proposta do modelo, os resultados foram colocados para avaliação de 4 gestores de empresas da região que acenaram positivamente para identificação dos resultados com a realidade regional. O modelo estratégico proposto mostrou-se sólido e abrangente, com boas perspectivas de sucesso na aplicação para o desenvolvimento de clusters de indústrias marítimas. / This thesis aims to facilitate the Brazilian maritime industry development. Industrial clusters are widely recognized as a source of technological evolution promotion as well as for bringing positive impact over a range of aspects in the regional development. On the other hand, construction and repair boatyards are taken as strategic for many countries sovereignty, having the function of widespread hand labor and employment, and goods production that allow strengthening trade relations among states and countries. Considering the convergence of these two situations much promising, it was decided to focus efforts towards a reference model to be used for the development of maritime industries clusters. Industries clusters empirical studies report some characteristic positive externalities observed in successful clusters. Other studies discussed on some fundamental factors for clusters success. There are also those studies that point out some actions taken for the development of a variety of clusters. This thesis propose to converge these works, joining the actions relations, the conditioning factors for the maritime industries clusters and its positive externalities in order to establish an actions model proposal for the maritime industries clusters development and consolidation. This thesis includes also the assessment of the externalities consequences of these factors, which are essential for the clusters development in the critical success factor of individual companies. Several theoretical and empirical studies on industrial clusters, located in developed and underdeveloped countries were studied in order to achieve this proposal. The basic premise of the study was to determine decisive factors for clusters development and the strategic objectives that should be followed for their accomplishment. The research efforts resulted in the materialization of a generic strategic model proposal, which the appropriate adjustments to the specific regional needs and characteristics, can be used for the development of any marine industrial cluster. In a Second stage, it was proposed the reference model to be used to develop the maritime cluster in Itajaí and Navegantes region, state of Santa Catarina. Therefore, a field survey was conducted over a few more than 40 actors, in order to determine the cluster development stage and evaluate the evolution level and presence of the factors that may enable a cluster to be successful. After the hypothetical application of the proposed model, the results were placed for evaluation of 4 region companies\' managers who waved positively to identify the results to the regional reality. The proposed strategic model proved to be solid and comprehensive, with good prospects of application success for the maritime industrial clusters development.

Neste final de século o processo de globalização dos mercados e seu efeito sobre os padrões de conduta econômica, política, social e organizacional, vêm assumindo importância crescente, compondo um cenário no qual a competitividade emerge como uma questão imperativa. Como característica das empresas modernas, tem-se o aumento de padrão de automação onde as tecnologias tem disponibilizado o acesso a uma grande quantidade de dados. Tecnologias de data warehouse (DW) têm servido como repositores desses dados e o avanço nas aplicações de extração, transformação e carregamento (ETL) têm aumentado a velocidade da coleta. Atualmente, muito se tem discutido a respeito desse produto secundário resultante dos processos empresariais, os dados, que tem sido vistos como uma potencial fonte de informação capaz de possibilitar às instituições a garantia de sobrevivência em sua indústria. Nesse contexto, os sistemas de Business Intelligence (SBI), que têm como função prover o tratamento dos dados e entregar informação acionável que pode ser usada para uma específica tomada de decisão, têm recebido o reconhecimento de sua importância por parte dos executivos para a continuidade de suas empresas. Fato esse reforçado pelos resultados de pesquisas realizadas mundialmente pelo Gartner onde por anos seguidos os SBI têm sido relatados pelos executivos como o sonho de consumo das empresas. Aplicações de business intelligence têm dominado a lista de prioridade de tecnologia de muitos CIOs. Apesar desse cenário bastante favorável para os SBI, o Gartner Group aponta um elevado índice na subutilização desses sistemas, o que nos leva a questionar porque um sistema importante e desejado pelas empresas não consegue atender as expectativas dos usuários. Assim surgiu a proposta de estudar nesse trabalho a influência das dimensões fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) e benefícios esperados (BE) sobre a dimensão intenção de uso (USO) da informação disponibilizada pelos SBI, verificando o efeito das variáveis de cada dimensão sobre o USO. Para isso foi estabelecido um modelo conceitual relacionando as dimensões mencionadas utilizando-se como referência outros trabalhos acadêmicos, suas variáveis e resultados de pesquisa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com a aplicação da técnica estatística Partial Least Square (PLS) com os dados obtidos de usuários de SBI em diferentes áreas da empresa de diferentes setores. Com o uso da técnica PLS, foi possível obter os indicadores para as variáveis das dimensões e estabelecer o modelo estrutural baseado em confiança. / As this century ends, the market globalization process and its effect on patterns of economic, political, social and organizational behaviors become increasingly important, composing a scenario in which competitiveness emerges as an imperative issue. As a trait of modern enterprises, there is an increase in automation standards where technologies provide access to a large amount of data. Technologies of data warehouse (DW) have been serving as repositories of such data and advances in extraction, transformation and loading (ETL) applications have been increasing the speed of data collection. More recently, much has been discussed about this secondary product resulting from business processing: the data that has been seen as a potential source of information able to allow institutions guarantee survival in their industry. In this context, Business Intelligence Systems (BIS), that have as function provide data processing and deliver actionable information, i.e., information that could be used for a specific decision making, have received recognition from executives of its importance to the continuity of their business since for years, has been reported in research conducted worldwide by Gartner as the technology desire of these professionals. Business Intelligence applications have been considered the technology priority investment of many CIOs. Despite of this favorable scenario for Business Intelligence Systems, the Gartner Group indicates a high level of underutilization of these systems which leads us to question why an important and desired business system cannot achieve user\'s expectations. Thus, this work proposes to study the influence of the dimensions critical success factors (CSF) and expected benefits (BE) on the dimension use (USO) to the information provided by BIS, checking the effect of each dimension on the USO emerged. To do this a conceptual model was established by relating these dimensions using as reference other academic papers, their variables and search results. It was realized a quantitative research with an application of statistical technique Partial Least Square (PLS) with data obtained from users of BIS in different areas of the company from different sectors. Using the PLS technique, it was possible to obtain indicators for the variables and dimensions to establish the structural model based on trust.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2015-10-28T14:31:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Cyro Rodrigues Barretto.pdf: 5057628 bytes, checksum: 9cd414387fb221841d38efd245edcf97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T14:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Cyro Rodrigues Barretto.pdf: 5057628 bytes, checksum: 9cd414387fb221841d38efd245edcf97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-18 / Esta dissertação constitui o resultado de um estudo sobre fatores críticos de insucesso no gerenciamento e implantação de projetos em uma empresa integrada de energia no Brasil. O estudo procurou trazer uma contribuição adicional aos estudos que vem sendo realizados sobre o tema, buscando mapear e analisar os fatores críticos de insucesso (FCI), que podem ser identificados antes da fase inicial de implantação de projetos, na perspectiva do ambiente interno tanto das equipes executoras, quanto dos patrocinadores e clientes/usuários de projetos neste segmento organizacional. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma revisão da literatura mais recente, buscando artigos científicos mais relevantes, com foco no estado da arte relacionado à temática escolhida. Foram identificados oito grupos temáticos mais frequentes entre os autores estudados. A revisão da literatura apontou a existência de condições desfavoráveis que estando presentes no ambiente do projeto, podem trazer impactos na realização de diversos requisitos relacionados ao escopo, como prazo, custo, qualidade, aspectos de meio ambiente, segurança, saúde ocupacional e responsabilidade social, entre outros. Foram identificados oito grupos temáticos de FCI mais frequentes entre os autores pesquisados. A partir deste agrupamento, foi construído um questionário estruturado, que foi validado com especialistas com grande experiência no gerenciamento de projetos. O questionário validado foi utilizado em um survey entre profissionais de gerenciamento de projetos de duas Comunidades de Práticas da empresa estudada, oriundos de diferentes circunstâncias históricas, bem como distintas realidades profissionais, culturais, socioeconômicas, políticas e ambientais. Foram obtidos 397 questionários válidos, sendo que os resultados do survey foram submetidos à estatística descritiva, que identificou um conjunto de 10 FCI encontrados com maior frequência pelos especialistas que participaram do survey. Os resultados encontrados mostraram-se importantes para a construção de conhecimento não somente para a comunidade acadêmica, como também para os profissionais de gerenciamento de projeto. Percebeu-se que quanto mais precocemente os FCI forem identificados, maiores poderão ser as chances de serem tratados, seja por meio da eliminação ou mitigação dos seus impactos, com vistas a se obter uma taxa de sucesso que possa atender aos requisitos mais prioritários definidos pelos atores envolvidos. / This dissertation is the result of a study on critical factors of failure in the management and implementation of projects in an integrated energy company in Brazil. The study sought to bring an additional contribution to the studies that have been conducted on the subject, seeking to map and analyze the critical factors of failure (CFF), which can be identified before the initial phase of project implementation from the perspective of both the internal context executing teams, the sponsors and clients / projects of users in this organizational segment. The survey was conducted through a review of the latest literature, searching for the most relevant scientific articles, focusing on the state of the art related to the chosen theme. Eight most frequent thematic groups among the study authors were identified. The literature review showed the existence of unfavorable conditions that are present in the project environment, that can pose impacts in making various requirements related to the scope, such as time, cost, quality, environmental aspects, safety, occupational health and social responsibility, among others. Eight thematic groups CFF frequently among the surveyed authors were identified. From this group, a structured questionnaire was built, which was validated by experts with extensive experience in project management. The validated questionnaire was used in a survey among project management professionals from two communities of practice within the studied company, from different historical circumstances and different professional, cultural, socialeconomic, political and environmental realities. 397 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the survey results were submitted to descriptive statistics, which identified a set of 10 CFF found more often by the experts who participated in the survey. The results proved to be important for the construction of knowledge not only for the academic community, but also for project management professionals. It was noticed that the earlier the CFF are identified, the greater will be the chances of being treated, either by eliminating or mitigating their impacts, in order to obtain a success rate able to meet the highest priority needs defined by the actors involved

Agila Business Intelligence System (ABIS) är en relativt ny och komplex typ av informationssystem, som kännetecknas av förkortade utvecklingstider, genom att exempelvis införa mer självbetjäning i de analytiska systemen, för att kunna möta ett behov av att analysera omvärldsfaktorer, som förändras i en allt snabbare takt. Eftersom ABIS är ett nytt och relativt outforskat område, finns ett behov av att utforska detta område. IT-investeringar är alltför ofta olönsamma och finns ett intresse av att visa på vad som bidrar till ett framgångsrikt införande av ett ABIS och på vilket sätt. Syftet med denna fallstudie var att identifiera högt rankade och gemensamma faktorer baserat på de kritiska framgångsfaktorer som belagts av tidigare forskning inom ABIS, beskriva hur dessa bidragit till ett framgångsrikt införande samt utröna skillnader och/eller likheter mellan hur dessa faktorer verkar ur kund- respektive leverantörsperspektiv. Som underlag för denna studie användes framför allt tidigare forskning kring kritiska framgångsfaktorer för Business Intelligence System. Speciellt en modell som utvecklades 2010 av Yeoh och Koronios användes som utgångspunkt för att lista de potentiella faktorer, som skulle beaktas av denna studie. Denna undersökning genomfördes som en fallstudie med hjälp av ett företag, som både levererar konsulttjänster och ABIS. En Delphipanel användes för att sortera fram framgångsfaktorer, som sedan studerades närmare genom semistrukturerade intervjuer för hur dessa kritiska framgångsfaktorer bidragit till ett framgångsrikt införande av ABIS från dels ett kundperspektiv, dels ett leverantörsperspektiv. De två faktorer som rankades högt och samtidigt delades av samtliga respondenter var: affärsvision och planer datakvalitet och dataintegritet Kundperspektivet var det styrande och leverantörens roll var ordentligt förstå kundens perspektiv, för att på så sätt framgångsrikt införa ABIS. Affärsvision och planer var av betydelse för att koppla införande till kundens målsättningar. Datakvalitet och dataintegritet var den mest betydelsefull faktorn utifrån den resursfördelningen skedde inom ett införandeprojekt för ABIS. / An Agile Business Intelligence System (ABIS) is a relatively new and complex type of information system, which is characterized by shortened development times, for by example introducing more self-service in the analytical systems, in order to meet the need to analyze the business environment, which is changing at an even faster pace. As the ABIS is a new and relatively uncharted area there is a need to explore this area. IT investments are too often unprofitable and there is an interest to show what contributes to a successful implementation of an ABIS and in which manner. The purpose of this case study was to identify highly ranked and common critical success factors based on the critical success factors faced by previous research in ABIS, describe how these contributed to a successful introduction of the system and examining differences and / or similarities between how these factors act from customer and supplier perspective. Earlier research on critical success factors for business intelligence systems was used as a basis for this study. Especially the model developed in 2010 by Yeoh and Koronios was used as a starting point to list potential factors to be considered by this study. This study was conducted as a case study with the help of a company that delivers both consulting services and ABIS. A Delphi panel was used to shortlist two success factors, which were then studied in more detail in semi-structured interviews to describe how these contributed to the successful introduction of ABIS from both a client as well as a supplier perspective. The two factors that both ranked high and were common for all respondents were: Clear vision and well-established business case Data quality and data integrity The leading perspective was the customer and the supplier role was to properly understand the customer perspective in order to successfully introduce ABIS. The vision and business case were important to link the introduction ABIS to client objectives. Data quality and data integrity was the most significant factor on the basis of the resource allocation of implementation projects for ABIS.

The main focus of this thesis is to form a strategy of development of a small LLC company called ABC. The strategic analysis included in this thesis shows the company’s position on the market and its main advantages. The thesis provides a complex strategy of further development according to the corporate vision and the strategic objectives of ABC including the aspects of functional strategies and a detailed schedule of its implementation.

Bedingt durch oftmals schnelle und fortschreitende Änderungen im wirtschaftlichen Umfeld stehen Unternehmen vor zahlreichen externen sowie internen Anforderungen und Herausforderungen, was wiederum eine effektive Steuerung und Koordination der innerbetrieblichen aber auch der überbetrieblichen Geschäftsprozesse und -abläufe erfordert. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, ist der Einsatz von adäquaten Anwendungssystemen zwingend. Speziell die Nutzung von Enterprise Resource Planning-(ERP-)Systemen, die als standardisierte Systeme die gesamten unternehmerischen Aktivitäten und Geschäftsprozesse unterstützen können, ist zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Unternehmen geworden. Ein richtig ausgewähltes und implementiertes ERP-System bietet zahlreiche Vorteile sowohl für Großunternehmen aber auch für klein- und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU). Die Implementierung eines ERP-Systems stellt jedoch ein komplexes und zeitintensives Projekt dar, welches den Unternehmen große Möglichkeiten eröffnet, diese aber gleichzeitig mit enormen Risiken konfrontiert. Dabei realisieren immer mehr KMU die möglichen Vorteile dieser Systeme, woraus eine konstante Nachfrage nach ERP-Systemen für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen resultiert. Um jedoch von den Vorteilen zu profitieren anstatt von den Risiken „verschlungen“ zu werden, ist es zwingend erforderlich, sich genau auf die Faktoren zu fokussieren, die zur einer erfolgreichen Einführung eines ERP-Systems beitragen. An diesem Punkt knüpft die vorliegende Dissertation mit einem ersten Forschungsschwerpunkt an. Dieser Schwerpunkt befasst sich mit kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren im Zusammenhang mit der ERP-System-Einführung und der ERP-System-Nutzung in klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen. Ziel dieses ersten Schwerpunktes ist es, einen Einblick in die Erfolgsfaktoren bei ERP-System-Implementierung in KMU zu geben und die Unterschiede zu den Faktoren bei ERP-Projekten in Großunternehmen aufzuzeigen. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieses Forschungsstrangs wird dabei ein Vorgehensmodell für ERP-Einführungen in KMU entwickelt, welches auf Basis der Erfolgsfaktoren von ERP-Projekten aus bestehenden Modellen abgeleitet und an die Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen der KMU angepasst wird. Hierbei werden die Erfolgsfaktoren direkt in das Modell mit einbezogen. Des Weiteren resultiert ein zweiter Schwerpunkt dieser Dissertation erneut aus der hohen und konstanten Nachfrage nach ERP-Systemen, welche zu einem sehr stark fragmentierten ERP-Markt vor allem im Bereich der KMU geführt hat mit einer Vielzahl von Herstellern und Systemen. Hier erschwert es diese hohe Marktfragmentierung den Anwenderunternehmen nicht nur, die „richtige“ Software zu finden, sondern auch für das von ihnen ausgewählte System entsprechende Fachkräfte an sich zu binden. Daraus ergibt sich unter anderem auch die Notwendigkeit für Hochschulen, ihren Studierenden und späteren Absolventen dieses geforderte und benötigte Fachwissen, insbesondere in informationssystembezogenen Studiengängen zu vermitteln. Jedoch gibt es dafür keinen standardisierten Ansatz. Die Systemwahl und die Anzahl der Systeme sowie der Aufbau und die Anzahl der ERP-Kurse divergieren von Hochschule zu Hochschule, wobei in diesem Punkt eine Dominanz großer ERP-System Hersteller zu verzeichnen ist. Allerdings ist eine diversifiziertere Einbindung von ERP-Systemen vor allem aus dem Bereich der KMU sinnvoll. An diesem Punkt stehen die Hochschulen und die Lehrenden vor der Herausforderung, wie viele Systeme in die Curricula integriert werden sollten und auf welche Art und Weise und in welchem Umfang diese Systeme vermittelt werden sollten. Daher werden im Rahmen dieses zweiten Schwerpunktes Möglichkeiten und Kursmodelle beschrieben, durch die eine praktische Vermittlung einzelner oder auch mehrerer ERP-Systeme ermöglicht und unterstützt wird. Ziel dabei ist es, einen Beispielcurriculum zu entwickeln, in dem über verschiedene Kurse hinweg, Kenntnisse zu ERP-Systemen vermittelt werden. Die Kurse dieses Curriculums werden dabei auf Basis der Literatur und der Anforderungen von Unternehmen an spätere Absolventen (vor allem resultierend aus den Erfolgsfaktoren des ersten Forschungsstrangs) entwickelt. Des Weiteren werden diese Kurse und die darin eingesetzten Systeme mit den Ergebnissen einer Umfrage an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen zum ERP-System-Einsatz in der Lehre verglichen und auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse angepasst und modifiziert. Als konkrete Resultate dieses Forschungsstrangs werden mit dem zu entwickelnden Beispielcurriculum Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben, mit denen Hochschulen sowohl Kenntnisse zu ERP-Systemen für Großunternehmen als auch zu Systemen für KMU vermitteln können. Dabei steht auch die praktische Kenntnisvermittlung von kleineren Systemen im Fokus, um den Studierenden einen weiteren Blick auf die Verschiedenartigkeit von ERP-Systemen zu bieten.

Investigations reveal that the failure rate of e-governance projects in developing countries is between 35% and 50% whereby, 35% is classified as a total failure and 50% is considered a partial failure. Furthermore, previous e-governance frameworks lack reliable project discipline to deliver e-governance systems effectively to stakeholders for further exploits. This is one of the major reasons why e-governance projects fail to deliver the expected value to the citizenry and thereby, negatively impacting on socio-economic development. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for benchmarking e-governance projects for socio-economic development in developing countries. The Design Science Research methodology was relied upon for the purpose of the study in order to answer its various research questions. Preliminary research investigations led to the identification of a range of critical success factors necessary for effective and efficient delivery of an e-governance project that fulfils expectations throughout the project lifecycle. Further investigations demonstrated that the foregoing critical success factors represent crucial and effective mechanisms for performing project assurance in the ambit of Monitoring and Evaluation. A generic framework for benchmarking e-governance projects was proposed. Further evaluation and validation exercises were undertaken on the framework through a survey involving a comprehensive sample of participants recruited from the Ghana ecosystem, a country considered a developing country. Experts who had comprehensive knowledge of challenges experienced when engaging in e-governance projects were also recruited from the international community as additional respondents in the survey. The study used a combination of simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Simple random sampling method was used to select 19 practising project managers, while purposive sampling method was employed to include e-governance experts in academic and research institutions as well as non-governmental organizations, with valuable insights concerning the research questions being addressed. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis, and Pearson Chi-square test. The outcome of the evaluation and validation exercises produced an improved framework of which an appropriate prototyped proof of concept was developed for the purpose of enabling e-governance project stakeholders to perform project quality assurance throughout its lifecycle. Such as prototype, if implemented in real-life will go a long way in addressing many challenges faced in the entire e-governance project value chain from a prioritization, learning, cost, quality, time and impact perspectives. The overall outcome of this study showed that despite the reality that the failure rate of e-governance projects remains high in developing countries, there is strong evidence indicating that the aforementioned situation could be circumvented. The research found that success is achievable by embarking on a rigorous process of monitoring and evaluation based on well-defined performance metrics that embody time, quality, budget and scope. As such, the significant minimization of the failure rate of e-governance projects in developing countries would become reality provided that sound monitoring and evaluation are performed in all phases of the project even after its deployment. / Information Science / Ph. D. (Information Systems)

Offentliga företag har fått ett större intresse av att införa Business Intelligence-lösningar. Graden av framgång varierar mellan olika typer av industrier på grund av komplexa processer som är relaterade till höga kostnader. Syftet med studien var att identifiera de kritiska framgångsfaktorerna för att framgångsrikt införa en BI-lösning ur ett CFO-perspektiv. BI har en bred kategori av olika applikationer och teknologier som används för att samla in, lagra och analysera data för att sedan extrahera den. Denna data görs sedan tillgänglig för anställda i företaget för att hjälpa beslutsfattare att skapa professionella och informerade affärsbeslut. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillsammans med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuer genomfördes med sju olika CFO:er för att få sina perspektiv angående vilka som är de kritiska framgångsfaktorer för att införa en BI-lösning. Innehållsanalysen genererade nio kategorier med flera underkategorier. Varje kategori och underkategori identifierar CSF ur ett CFO-perspektiv. De kategorier som identifierades var: Företagsledare med genomtänkta arbetslag, hållbar datakvalitet, slutanvändaren i fokus, extern hjälp bidrar med ett bredare perspektiv och kapacitet, mål och visioner, stöd från ledningen, iterativt tillvägagångssätt, affärsdriven expansion och agila tekniska ramar, och att ha rätt förutsättningar under hela implementeringen. Både studielitteraturen, CFO:erna och CFO:ernas rankning av CSF drar slutsatsen att alla framgångsfaktorer verkligen behövs för en framgångsrik BI-lösning. Alla CSF prioriteras däremot olika inom alla tre datakällor som fanns tillgängliga för studien. / Public companies have gotten a bigger interest in implementing Business Intelligence solutions. The level of success rate varies between various types of industries because of complex processes that are related to high costs. The aim of the study was to identify the critical success factors for implementing a BI-solution successfully from a Chief Financial Officers perspective. BI has a broad category of various applications and technologies that are used to collect, store and analyze data and then extract it and make the data available to employees in the company in order to help decision makers to create professional and informed business decisions. The study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews making use of seven different CFO’s to follow up on their perspective on organizational critical successfactors for implementing a BI-solution. The content analysis generated nine categories with several sub-categories. Each category and sub-category defining CSF from a CFO’s point of view. The categories identified were: Business leaders with well-thought-out work teams, sustainable data quality, the end user in focus, external help contributes witha broader perspective and capacity, goals and visions, management support, iterative approach, business-driven expansion and agile technical framework, and having the right conditions through out the implementation. Both the study literature, respondents and the respondents’ ranking of the CSF conclude that all success factors are indeed CSF needed for a successful BI-implementation. However, the CSF were prioritized differently within all three data sources of material that were available for the study.

This study aimed to investigate the critical success factors for the community management of rural water supplies in the Ohangwena Region, Namibia. Rural communities in Namibia receive water through the Community Based Management (CBM) strategy, which necessitates water governance decentralisation, thereby enabling local communities to participate fully in the management of their water resources. In pursuance of this policy and philosophy, a large number of water point committees have been created nationally to manage the water system in rural areas. However, it is reported that at least half of the existing water points in rural areas in Namibia are faulty and dysfunctional, and the majority of people are still struggling to access clean water. Rural communities in the Ohangwena region have over the years experienced water scarcity, compelling them to drink unsuitable and salty water for survival. The main objective of the study was to examine the critical success factors for the community management of rural water supplies in the Ohangwena Region of the country. More specifically, the study endeavoured to examine key considerations having a positive impact on the success of the management of the rural water supply in Namibia, using the Ohangwena Region as a local case study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study. The research methods included a mini-survey, document analysis and interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. All these approaches were applied to investigate the critical success factors for the community management of rural water supply. The findings from the study affirmed that polycentric principles govern the provision of Namibian rural water supply. Governance issues, leadership attributes of the committee members, training and capacity building, level of community involvement, coordination and support were identified as critical success factors for effective management of rural water supplies. Among factors identified as hampering effective management of the rural water points were a lack of implementation of specific regulations and stipulations of the National Water Policy of 2008 and Water Resource Management Act 11 of 2013 (although the Act was formulated, it still remains to be implemented), lack of skills among the water point committees, lack of financial and human resources and a lack of an oversight role by the government. The study recommended the enforcement of water management policies, harmonisation of laws and regulations as well as the provision of economic incentives to the water committees to ensure sustainable and efficient supply of water to communities. Finally, a rural water management model was developed, which is anticipated to contribute towards improved management of rural water provision in the study area. / Public Administration and Management / D.P.A.