<p>Species of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter have been associated with various diseases in humans and animals / and chickens have been identified as a reservoir of these microorganisms. Two published techniques and a new technique, developed in this dissertation, were evaluated to test its efficiency in removing PCR inhibitors from chicken samples. All of the techniques were based on agarose/DNA slants and were evaluated using multiplex PCR and an Internal Amplification Control. The new technique was found to be most effective and consequently used further in the study. A novel study was done to evaluate the survival of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter strains in chicken blood at -20, 4, 37 and 42&ordm / C as well as at ambient room temperature (&plusmn / 22&ordm / C). It was found that all strains could survive at all temperatures, albeit at different duration times. Most notably, an A. butzleri strain was able to survive at 4oC for up to 297 days.</p>

The role of food in tourism has recently received increased attention within the spheres of destination marketing, tourism development, and academia. Cuisine appreciation is an indelible aspect of the holistic, polysensual experiences that travellers seek thesedays (Crouch & Desforges, 2003; Everett, 2009). The experience of cuisine is the overarching theme for this study. It addresses a contextual gap concerning the concepts of image, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions (which have been abdundantly researched from a destination perspective) applied to cuisine and the travel experience, in India. Specifically, this study’s purpose was to determine foreign travellers’ likelihood to recommend India for culinary tourism based on their perception of its cuisine and satisfaction levels with culinary experiences during their travel to the country. Additional aspects of the culinary behaviour of foreign travellers to India, such as their frequency of patronising Indian culinary establishments, types of establishments they visited, key sources of cuisine knowledge, and their opinion on cuisine knowledge based on culinary experiences in the country, are also revealed in the study. As well, the study incorporated a comparative analysis between how Indian cuisine is perceived vis-à-vis Thai, another globally popular cuisine. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed in this study. A questionnaire comprising of six-point Likert scale questions for cuisine image, satisfaction with culinary establishments, and recommendation for culinary tourism, and a combination of additional close and open-ended questions was posed to a convenience sample of foreign travellers to India. Data analyses consisted of frequency analyses, and parametric and non-parametric tests to address the research questions and establish correlations between the study’s central concepts. The results indicate that the sample of foreign travellers’ perception of Indian cuisine was positive overall and equivalent in comparison with that of Thai cuisine. A majority of respondents were satisfied with their culinary experiences in the country and recommended India for culinary tourism, in spite of the culinary challenges faced. The results also indicate that cuisine experience featured prominently as one of the most enjoyable aspects of their trip and that foreign travellers patronised Indian culinary establishments on a frequent basis. Respondents used affective as well as cognitive sources of cuisine information and a majority felt that culinary experiences in India had an ameliorative effect on their overall cuisine knowledge. This study carries particular pertinence in light of recent efforts on the part of the Ministry of Tourism, India to promote culinary tourism as a distinct tourism segment. Although the study cannot claim to be wholly conclusive as it is limited to a small convenience sample, the results provide valuable insight on this previously under-researched topic. Acknowledging the aforementioned caveat, implications and recommendations for three stakeholders are presented: culinary tourism marketers, owners/managers of culinary establishments, and the academic community. It is suggested that stakeholders contextualise the learnings from this study to their unique needs from a culinary tourism promotion and managerial standpoint. Being that this is an exploratory study, further research is recommended to explore the nuances of the study’s central themes with respect to phenomenon of culinary tourism.

Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka hur man kan utveckla ett kognitivt baserat sensoriskt språk för olika produkter i detaljhandel och därefter använda det i marknadsföringen i butiksledet. Vidare undersökts om denna marknadsföring har någon effekt på konsumenternas val av produkt. Inom forskningsprocessen, tvärvetenskapligprocess, används metodik och teorier inom sensorik, lingvistik (semantik) och marknadsföring (konsumentbeteende). I en sensorisk studie jämfördes en tränad sensorisk panel och en grupp konsumenters förmåga att beskriva och analysera olika produkters sensoriska egenskaper. Resultatet visade på att de två gruppernas beskrivningar av de olika produkterna var relativt överensstämmande. Att beskriva smak verbalt anses som relativt svårt och komplext. Baserat på det sensoriska resultatet analyserades egenskapsorden ytterligare utifrån ett lingvistiskt perspektiv, semantik. Den semantiska analysen, empiriska resultat och teori, påvisade en möjlighet att utvinna värdefulla attribut från mer diffusa attribut, t.ex. ”nötig smak” – som kan härledas från sort, e.g. ”mandel” som i sin tur innefattar olika egenskaper i form a smak, doft, textur etc. För att ta reda på om de sensoriska beskrivningarna hade någon effekt på konsumenternas beteende och val i butik genomfördes två empiriska studier. Konsumenternas val av produkt i butik studerades utifrån olika variabler; sensoriska beskrivningar, sensoriska och semantiska beskrivningar, sortnamn, pris, och smak preferens. Resultatet visade att de sensoriska beskrivningarna påverkade konsumenternas val av produkt, t.ex. när bara sort namn kommunicerades var man benägen att välja en känd sort, men när man använde sig av sensoriska beskrivningar skiftade konsumenternas val och de var inte längre styrda av det mer välkända sortnamnet. Vidare visade det sig att konsumenterna vara mindre priskänslig när sensoriska beskrivningar visades. Konklusion: Användningen av ett sensoriskt språk i marknadsföringen av de undersökta livsmedlen påverkade konsumenternas val av produkt i butik samt att konsumenterna tenderade till att vara mindre priskänslig när sensoriska beskrivningar användes. / Denna avhandling är ett resultat av ett forskningsprojekt med arbetstiteln ”Det sensoriska språket-ett marknadsföringsverktyg” vars syfte var att utveckla ett sen­soriska språk för frukt och grönsaker för att se om detta språk i marknads­föringen kan påverka konsumenternas preferens, val, av olika livsmedel i detaljhandeln.Forskningsprojektet var ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, Grythytte Akademi och ICA Sverige AB med delfinansiering av Kunskaps & Kompetensstiftelsen. Forskargruppen bestod av:Professor emerita Inga-Britt Gustafsson, Örebro universitetDocent Åsa Öström, Örebro universitetProfessor Lena Mossberg, Handelshögskolan i GöteborgFil.Dr. Ulf Larsson, Örebro universitetLisbeth Kohls, ICA Sverige AB

abstract: Cuisines are becoming increasingly significant in a tourist's experience and as such looking into different cuisines and their effects on the tourist's destination provides strong indicators of the outlook for the destination. Metropolitan areas within the United States have a history of being known for specific food items as well as types of cuisines. This study explores the Metropolitan area of New Orleans and the cuisine specific to this region: the Creole cuisine. A mixed methods approach was used to identify the Creole cuisine within the New Orleans area as both a regional cuisine and as a culturally significant cuisine, within the context of the United States of America. Once established, and through the help of the local New Orleans' Convention and Visitors Bureau, an online questionnaire was distributed to individuals that had shown an interest in visiting the New Orleans area. The questionnaire identified the characteristics of the Creole cuisine and the respondents' most recent trip to New Orleans. The Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, adjusted for cuisine tourism, provided a categorical separation of the respondents into three groupings: "Foodies", "Semi-foodies", and "Non-foodies". Two important findings emerge from this study, the cultural significant cuisine segmentation model and the foodie scale. These two findings allow for an in depth look at characteristics of regional cuisines and food tourists, while providing a way to predict food characteristics of both destination and individual. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Community Resources and Development 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MichelleCMS_DISSERT.pdf: 10167539 bytes, checksum: 0e67442aa5841d78cb00544cf482a89f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Using literature to discuss the topic of food, proper bourgeois cuisine, was the purpose of this work. As a corpus, we use one of the works of E?a de Queiroz, The City and the Mountains. Served as theoretical references the Claude Levi-Strauss s concept of universal culinary and the Jean Claude Fischler s concept of specific culinary who understands food as a cultural system which includes representations, beliefs and practices of a specific group. After the initial reading of the novel and construction of a file containing general information of the work, categories designed for elaboration of a material for analysis were these: work, characters, food, intellectuals and geographies. We realized the culinary as an epicenter for understanding the culture of a specific group: in this case, the bourgeois. We proposed a quaternary model for systematizing it: this bourgeois cuisine highlights the technique, has affection for what is rare and/or expensive but still consume it with temperance, establishing a new relationship with the use of time and, finally, it is the one that opens the ritual that involves frequent restaurants and cafes. The exercise of thinking the bourgeois cuisine through the literature suggests that the art may work on increase the comprehensive capabilities of nutritionists, professionals who deal with a complex object in your practice: the food / Utilizar a literatura para problematizar o tema da alimenta??o, propriamente a cozinha burguesa, foi o prop?sito deste trabalho. Como corpus, utilizamos uma das obras de E?a de Queiroz, A cidade e as Serras. Serviram como referenciais te?ricos o conceito de cozinha universal de Claude L?vi-Strauss, al?m daquele apresentado pelo soci?logo Jean Claude Fischler que a compreende como um sistema cultural alimentar que comporta representa??es, cren?as e pr?ticas de um grupo espec?fico. Ap?s a leitura inicial do romance e constru??o de um arquivo com informa??es gerais sobre a obra, espacialidades para elabora??o de um material de an?lise foram assim pensadas a priori: a obra, personagens, comidas, intelectuais e geografias. Percebemos a cozinha como um epicentro para a compreens?o da cultura de um grupo espec?fico: neste caso, o burgu?s. Propusemos um modelo quatern?rio para sistematiz?-la: a cozinha burguesa ? aquela que p?e em relevo a t?cnica, que tem afei??o por aquilo que ? raro e/ou caro apesar de consumi-lo com temperan?a, que estabelece uma nova rela??o com o uso do tempo e que, por fim, inaugura o ritual que envolve frequentar restaurantes e caf?s. O exerc?cio de pensar a cozinha burguesa por meio da literatura sugere que esta possa produzir na forma??o de nutricionistas a amplia??o de suas capacidades de compreens?o do objeto complexo com o qual lidam em sua profiss?o: a alimenta??o

Le degré d’excellence atteint tant au niveau esthétique que technique par la cuisine savante dès la seconde moitié du 17ème siècle, doublé d’une capacité à créer et/ou à interpréter des œuvres originales, permet de faire passer la cuisine du rang d’activité domestique et artisanale au rang de pratique professionnelle artistique. La question de la construction des œuvres dans l’art culinaire contemporain français est abordée sous l’angle du processus de production. Les lectures analytique et experte de l’offre alimentaire figurant dans les cartes des restaurants tri-étoilés au guide Michelin et les entretiens biographiques, montrent que le processus de production des œuvres culinaires varie en fonction de la socialisation professionnelle, de l’histoire de vie, et des interactions nouées avec le monde de l’art culinaire dans une arène gastronomique. La manière dont les chefs agrègent ces éléments caractérise leur production artistique (interprète vs créateur – localisé vs non localisé). De plus, le type culinaire des chefs (conservateur/avant-gardiste) semble être en lien avec leur type de signatures esthétiques. L’apport théorique de ce travail pourrait contribuer à définir un espace social qu’on pourrait appeler « espace social gastronomique ». Cet espace social gastronomique permettrait de dégager les dimensions de la signature des chefs qui seraient utiles aux scientifiques pour étudier l’art culinaire, aux professionnels pour se positionner « culinairement » et « scénographiquement », aux commentateurs pour disposer de nouvelles catégories d’analyse, et aux formateurs pour initier le public en formation. En cela, cette thèse contribue à thématiser l’art culinaire au sein de la sociologie de l’alimentation. / The level of technical and aesthetic excellence reached by learned cuisine in the second half of the 17th century and the capacity to create novel works and or reinterpret some have propelled domestic and artisanal cooking into the world of artistic professional practice. We have chosen to address the problem of work construction in French contemporary culinary art from the production process viewpoint. The analytical and expert reading of the food offer as evidenced in menus of three-starred restaurants and in chefs’ interviews clearly underlines that the production process differs between chefs since it depends on the professional socialization but also on the chefs’ life history and on their interactions with the world of culinary art in the gastronomic arena. The way chefs aggregate all these elements is the hallmark of their artistic production (interpreter vs creator – national dimension vs terroir-focused). The culinary type to which they belong (conservative/avant-garde) seems to be closely linked to the type of aesthetic signature which differentiates them. The theoretical contribution of this research work may help define some social space that could be referred to as « gastronomic social space ». Such an approach could help outline the contours of the chefs’ signature that might prove quite valuable to the researchers who intend to study culinary art, to the professionals who try to position themselves with regard to « culinary and scenic design », to the reviewers who need an analytical framework and to the trainers who plan to educate the general public. In this respect, this research work can be considered as an asset to incorporate culinary art to the domain of food sociology.

Os dicionários sempre foram e ainda são uma das principais ferramentas da tarefa tradutória. No entanto, a terminografia parece não ter se beneficiado ainda de forma sistemática, pelo menos no Brasil, da estreita relação entre dicionários técnicos e esse público-alvo específico e cada vez mais expressivo: os tradutores técnicos. Na área da Culinária, por exemplo, cuja demanda por traduções tem crescido regularmente no país, os dicionários disponíveis no par de línguas inglês-português, ainda que possam contribuir para a compreensão do texto original, não dão qualquer informação sobre como os termos são, de fato, usados em textos reais na área, ou seja, não auxiliam o tradutor numa etapa fundamental da atividade tradutória: a produção textual na língua de chegada. Nossa tese é a de que um dicionário que procure atender as necessidades de produção textual do tradutor deve concentrar-se nos aspectos que caracterizam o texto técnico do ponto de vista da tradução, isto é, deve descrever e propor equivalentes ou soluções tradutórias para as Unidades de Tradução Especializadas (UTEs) presentes nesses textos, com as quais o tradutor da área se depara freqüentemente em sua prática, sejam elas terminológicas ou não. A Lingüística de Corpus (L.C.), abordagem empirista que vê a língua como um sistema probabilístico, tem se dedicado à identificação de padrões léxico-gramaticais recorrentes na linguagem por meio da observação de textos autênticos organizados sob a forma de corpora eletrônicos. É, portanto, a área de estudos que julgamos fornecer os subsídios teóricos e metodológicos mais adequados para compilar as UTEs a partir de textos reais. Para abrigar essas unidades, apresentamos uma proposta de dicionário online bidirecional inglês-português voltado para o tradutor da área técnica da Culinária. As etapas seguidas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho estão organizadas em seis capítulos. O primeiro trata de aspectos teórico-práticos da tradução técnica e discute o papel da terminologia na prática tradutória. O segundo examina as especificidades do trabalho do tradutor da área da Culinária no Brasil e caracteriza a receita culinária , foco de nosso estudo, como gênero e tipologia textual. No terceiro capítulo, as bases teóricas e metodológicas da L.C. são apresentadas, bem como os critérios de coleta do corpus que servirá de base para a identificação das UTEs. O Capítulo IV descreve a etapa de exploração desse corpus: primeiramente, apresentamos o estudo em que é feito um levantamento manual de padrões léxicogramaticais usando o programa WordSmith Tools; em seguida, descrevemos uma metodologia de extração semi-automática de UTEs no corpus. O Capítulo V apresenta nossa proposta do Dicionário Online de Culinária bidirecional para Tradutores, descrevendo sua macro- e microestrutura. O Capítulo VI apresenta nossas considerações finais. Os resultados obtidos em nosso trabalho demonstram que a L.C., se usada não apenas como metodologia, mas como abordagem teórica na exploração de corpora especializados, permite elaborar dicionários mais úteis e confiáveis para o tradutor, pois leva em consideração quaisquer padrões associativos entre palavras cuja probabilidade de ocorrer em textos representativos da área seja alta fato que justifica plenamente a inclusão desses padrões num dicionário voltado para o tradutor-produtorde- textos. / Dictionaries have always been and still are one of the main tools for the translator s task. Nevertheless, terminography does not seem to have systematically benefited, at least in Brazil, from the close relation between technical dictionaries and this increasingly significant and particular target audience: technical translators. In the field of Culinary, for instance, which has witnessed a growing demand for translations in Brazil, much as the dictionaries available for the English-Portuguese language pair may contribute to the understanding of the source text, they still do not provide any information on how the terms are actually used in real texts. In other words, they do not help the translator in a crucial step of the translation activity: text production in the target language. The thesis advanced here is that a dictionary which seeks to meet the needs of a translator s text production should focus on the aspects which characterize technical texts from the point of view of translation itself, that is, it should describe and propose translation equivalents or suggestions for the Specialized Translation Units (STUs) occurring in these texts, which the translator in the area often comes across in her/his practice, whether they are terminological or not. Corpus Linguistics (CL), an empirical approach which regards language as a probabilistic system, has devoted itself to the identification of recurring lexico-grammatical patterns in language by observing authentic texts organized as electronic corpora. It is, therefore, the field of studies we deem capable of providing the most adequate theoretical and methodological support to extract the STUs from real texts. In order to embrace these units, a proposal of an online bidirectional English-Portuguese dictionary is presented, which is aimed at the technical Culinary translator. The steps followed in the development of this study were organized in six chapters. The first deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of technical translation and discusses the role of terminology in translation practice. The second examines the specificities of the Culinary translator s job in Brazil and characterizes the culinary recipe , the focus of this study, in terms of text genre and typology. In the third chapter, the theoretical and methodological foundations of CL are presented, as well as the criteria used in the compilation of the corpus to be used for the identification of the STUs. Chapter IV describes the exploration of this corpus: first, we present the study in which a manual search of lexico-grammatical patterns using the WordSmith Tools program is carried out; next, a methodology for semi-automatic extraction of STUs in the corpus is described. Chapter V presents our proposal for a bidirectional online Culinary Dictionary for Translators, describing its macro- and microstructure. Chapter VI contains the final considerations. The results obtained in this study bear witness to the fact that CL, if used not only as a methodology, but as a theoretical approach in the investigation of specialized corpora, enables the production of more useful and trustworthy dictionaries for the translator, for it takes into account any association patterns between words with a probability of occurrence in representative texts in the field a fact which strongly supports the inclusion of these patterns in a dictionary aimed at the translator-producer-of-texts

É este um estudo sobre a quebra entre o passado e o futuro na cozinha caipira. Mais uma vez vemos agora surgir a lembrança da cozinha caipira, após um longo esquecimento do paulista da roça. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda nos mostrou que a origem da cozinha paulista no tempo dos bandeirantes estava no caminho que convida ao movimento, dando margem à maior influência dos hábitos alimentares indígenas sobre os portugueses. O sustento da viagem ao sertão eram os produtos da caça, pesca e coleta. Ao longo dos caminhos, os paulistas ainda plantavam as roças de milho e feijão. Antonio Candido observou a crise da cozinha caipira, diante do processo de modernização do país. Assim, ocorreu a manutenção da dieta básica e a perda da dieta complementar devido às transformações no mundo do caipira. O feijão com toucinho e a farinha de milho puderam se manter vivos no presente. O que caiu no esquecimento do passado foram os produtos da caça, pesca e coleta. O objetivo deste estudo é reconstruir o passado da cozinha caipira no presente, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo. A hipótese deste estudo é que a moderna cozinha brasileira, na procura incessante do novo, busca inspiração no passado colonial não para ser relançada outra vez à escala nacional e sim à escala mundial. O menu Caminhos & Fronteiras, fruto dos estudos compartilhados com o chef de cozinha Jefferson Rueda, pretende homenagear as origens da cozinha caipira. A criação dos pratos nos levará às viagens ao sertão, pelas antigas capitanias de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso e Goiás, apresentando os ingredientes das terras paulistas, cuja produção será compreendida por meio das entrevistas com os pequenos produtores rurais. Recolher o tesouro perdido não só do milho, feijão e carne de porco, mas também das carnes de caça, pescados, palmitos, frutas silvestres e mel de abelhas nativas poderá contribuir para construir a ponte entre o passado e o futuro na cozinha caipira. Mas será que a perda da tradição na cozinha caipira significa a perda do passado? A questão da memória e da história benjaminiana irá guiar a busca por uma nova relação com o passado. O estudo chega ao fim com uma leitura psicanalítica que irá compreender a gastronomia como uma sublimação do prazer oral / This is a study about the break between the past and the future in the Caipira cuisine. Once again, we currently see the remembrance of the Caipira cuisine arise, after a long forgetting of the paulista da roça. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda showed us that the origin of the Paulista culinary in the age of the bandeirantes was in the path that invites for movement, allowing for the bigger influence of natives eating habits over the Portuguese ones. The sustenance on the journey inwards was the goods from hunting, fishing and foraging. Along the way, the paulistas also planted corn and bean crops. Antonio Candido observed the crisis of the Caipira cuisine in face of the modernization process the country underwent. Thus, preservation of the basic diet and loss of the complementary diet took place due to transformations in the world of the Caipira. Beans with bacon and corn flour were able to keep themselves alive in the present. What fell into forgetting were the goods from hunting, fishing and foraging. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the past of the Caipira cuisine in the present through a field research. This studys hypothesis is that modern Brazilian cuisine, in the ceaseless quest for the new, seeks inspiration in the colonial past in order not to be relaunched in national scale, but in global scale. The Caminhos&Fronteiras menu, fruit of shared studies with Chef Jefferson Rueda, sets out to pay homage to the origins of the Caipira cuisine. The creation of dishes is to take us to the voyages inwards, throughout the ancient states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Goiás, presenting the ingredients of Paulistas lands, whose production will be understood by the means of interviews with small producers. Recollecting the lost treasure not only from the corn, beans and pork meat, but also game, fish, hearts of palm, wild fruit and indigenous bees honey may contribute towards bridging the gap between the past and future in the Caipira cuisine. However, does the loss of tradition in Caipira cuisine mean the loss of the past? The question of Benjaminian memory and history will guide the search for a new way to relate to the past. The study reaches its end with a psychoanalytic reading that is to understand gastronomy as a sublimation of oral pleasure

Introdução Apesar da importância das habilidades culinárias para a alimentação saudável, estudos sobre este tema são escassos no Brasil. Objetivo Estudar a influência das habilidades culinárias dos pais (ou responsáveis) no consumo alimentar de crianças em idade escolar. Método Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal seguido de estudo experimental, prospectivo, randomizado e controlado, envolvendo intervenção educativa para aperfeiçoamento das habilidades culinárias dos pais. A população do estudo observacional correspondeu a pares de pais-crianças em idade escolar de nove escolas da rede de ensino Sesi-SP, sendo cinco delas sorteadas como grupo-intervenção e quatro como grupo-controle. Como parte desta tese, desenvolveu-se e avaliou-se o Índice de Habilidades Culinárias - Brasil (IHC-Brasil), que mensura com uma escala entre zero e cem o grau de confiança das pessoas quanto ao desempenho de dez habilidades culinárias consideradas facilitadoras da implementação das recomendações do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Nas nove escolas, 755 pais responderam por telefone o questionário do IHC-Brasil e questões sobre o consumo alimentar da criança no jantar do dia anterior à entrevista (recordatório alimentar). Todos os pais do grupo-intervenção que responderam o questionário (n=341) foram convidados a participar de curso de dez horas idealizado pela autora desta tese e ministrado por nutricionistas da rede Sesi- SP visando aperfeiçoamento de habilidades culinárias. Os pais que aceitaram participar (n=81) foram pareados a pais do grupo controle segundo variáveis sociodemograficas. Utilizou-se regressão linear para testar a associação transversal entre habilidades culinárias dos pais e participação de alimentos ultraprocessados no jantar da criança, ajustando-se para variáveis sociodemográficas. O impacto da intervenção educativa nas habilidades culinárias dos pais e na alimentação da criança foi avaliado por mudanças temporais intra e inter-grupos utilizando-se modelos de regressão linear brutos e ajustados. Resultados O IHC-Brasil apresentou alpha de Cronbach > 0,70, kappa ponderado de 0,55 e kappa ajustado de 0,89. No estudo transversal, a idade média dos pais foi de 38,3 anos e a dos filhos de 7,8 anos. Os pais eram majoritariamente mulheres, brancos, casados, com ensino superior, empregados e com renda familiar per capita de 1-3 salários mínimos/mês. A média do IHC-Brasil desses pais (78,8) foi relativamente elevada. A média de energia consumida pelas crianças no jantar foi de 672,2kcal, sendo 31,3 por cento de alimentos ultraprocessados. No estudo transversal, evidenciou-se diminuição significativa do percentual de participação de alimentos ultraprocessados no jantar das crianças com o aumento do IHC-Brasil (= -2,9; p= 0,014; ajustado= -2,6; p=0,035). No estudo prospectivo não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos intervenção e controle com relação à mudança nas habilidades culinárias dos pais e à mudança na contribuição de alimentos ultraprocessados no jantar das crianças. Conclusões O IHC-Brasil apresentou elevada consistência interna e alta reprodutibilidade, recomendando-se seu uso em estudos que avaliem habilidades culinárias no Brasil. Os achados do estudo transversal mostram associação significativa e inversa entre habilidade culinária dos pais e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelos filhos, mas a intervenção educativa não resultou em aumento nas habilidades culinárias dos pais nem no padrão alimentar do jantar das crianças / Introduction: Despite the importance of cooking skills for healthy eating, studies on this subject are scarce in Brazil. Objective -To study the influence of parents\' cooking skills on the quality of diet consumed at home among school-age children. Methods -Cross-sectional study, followed by an experimental, randomized and controlled study involving an educational intervention to improve parents\' cooking skills. The study population corresponds to child-parent pairs from nine private schools that provide integrated comprehensive services for students in São Paulo. Five schools were randomly allocated to the intervention group, and four to the control group. As part of this thesis, the Cooking Skills Index (CSI) was developed and evaluated. The CSI is a 0-100 index that measures the confidence regarding the performance of ten cooking skills considered facilitators to the implementation of the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines. Across the nine schools, 755 parents answered by telephone the CSI questionnaire and questions regarding their children food consumption at dinner the day before the interview (dietary recall). All the parents in the intervention group who answered the questionnaire (n=341) were invited to participate in a 10-hour course designed by the author of this thesis and taught by nutritionists from the partner schools in order to improve cooking skills. Parents who agreed to participate (n=81) were paired with parents of the control group according to sociodemographic variables.Linear regression analysis was used to test the association between the parents\' cooking skills and the contribution of ultra-processed foods to the total children\'s dinner energy intake, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. The impact of the educational intervention on parents\' cooking skills and on children\'s diet quality was assessed by temporal changes within and between groups using crude and adjusted linear regression models.Results -The CSIpresented Cronbach\'s alpha > 0.70, weighted quadratic kappa of 0.55, and adjusted kappa of 0.89. In the cross-sectional study the average age of the parents was 38.3 years old and of the children was 7.8. Parents were mostly women, white, married, college-educated, employed, with family per capita income of 1-3 minimum wages per month, and with high scores of cooking skills (CSI=78.8 points). Children\'s average dinner energy intake was 672.2 kcal, with 31.3% coming from ultra-processed foods. The cross-sectional study showed a significant decrease in ultra-processed food consumption at children\'s dinner with an increase of parents\' cooking skillsconfidence (?= -2.9; p= 0.014; adjusted ?=-2.6;p=0.035). Intheprospectivestudy, therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweentheinterventionandthecontrolgroupregardingthetemporalchangesofparents\'cookingskills,aswellastheshareofultra-processedfoodsat children\'s dinner. Conclusions -The CSI showed high internal consistency and reproducibility, recommending its use in studies to evaluate cooking skills confidence in Brazil. The cross-sectional study indicated that the higher the parents\' cooking skills the lower the consumption of ultra-processed foods by their children, but the educational intervention neither resulted in the increase in parents\' cooking skills nor in changes in the dietary pattern of children\'s dinner.

The present study deals with the translation of a text about tourism and gastronomy. The analysis focuses on the translation of cultural words and terminology. The aim of the study was to analyse the translation problems that may arise in an academic text dealing with tourism and gastronomy, and see what strategies are usable to handle these problems. The translation strategies that are used in the analysis are Vinay &amp; Darbelnet’s (2008) and Newmark’s (1988). A number of different translation problems were addressed, for instance how to deal with borrowings and with cultural adaptations.