Orientador: Maria Helena Baina de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_MarcellaLimaVictal_M.pdf: 3941848 bytes, checksum: 51a27ec98438641644e783f34a5ceb86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivou-se traduzir, adaptar para a cultura brasileira e avaliar as medidas psicométricas de confiabilidade de teste-reteste e validade discriminante dos instrumentos "The Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index" (The O'Leary-Sant) e "Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) Patient Symptom Scale" utilizados no diagnóstico de cistite intersticial. Foram realizadas as etapas metodológicas recomendadas pela literatura internacional para a adaptação cultural. As etapas de tradução, síntese das traduções e retro-tradução foram realizadas satisfatoriamente e a avaliação das versões síntese, pelo comitê de especialistas resultou em algumas alterações, assegurando as equivalências entre as versões originais e traduzidas. O "PUF" foi pré-testado entre 40 sujeitos e o "The O'Leary-Sant" em uma amostra de 50 indivíduos devido a necessidade de ajustes em decorrência da baixa escolaridade da população. O processo de tradução e adaptação foi realizado com sucesso e os instrumentos, após as modificações, demonstraram ser de fácil compreensão e rápido preenchimento. A estabilidade foi avaliada usando-se teste-reteste, com intervalo de 3 a 7 dias entre as duas aplicações. Para verificar a validade discriminante foram usados três grupos: um de pacientes com cistite intersticial (CI), e dois grupos controles: um formado por indivíduos com pelo menos um sintoma indicativo de CI (controle 1) e outro por pessoas sem sintomas (controle 2). O teste-reteste foi aplicado a 24 pacientes com CI (grupo de estudo). O coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) foi de 0,56, IC: 95% (0,21-0,78) para o índice de sintomas do "The O'Leary-Sant", 0,48, IC: 95% (0,10-0,73) para o índice de problemas do "The O'Leary-Sant" e de 0,49, IC: 95% (0,12-0,74) para o PUF. Para a análise da validade discriminante entre os grupos utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher e odds ratio para identificar as diferenças. O p-valor <0,0001 indicou que, considerando um nível de significância de 5%, a hipótese nula foi rejeitada, isto é, houve indícios de que pelo menos dois grupos eram diferentes em relação à proporção de casos com cistite intersticial. Concluiu-se que os dois instrumentos analisados não atingiram valor adequado para confiabilidade, o que gera a necessidade de futuros estudos de análises de medidas psicométricas em uma amostra maior de pacientes com cistite intersticial / Abstract: The objective was to translate, adapt to the Brazilian culture and to evaluate psychometric measures of test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the instruments "The Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index" (The O'Leary-Sant) and "Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) Patient Symptom Scale" used in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. We made the methodological steps recommended by the international literature for cultural adaptation. The steps of translation, synthesis of translations and back-translation were performed satisfactorily and evaluation the versions of the synthesis by the committee of experts has resulted in some changes, ensuring the equivalence between the original and translated versions. The "PUF" was pre-tested among 40 subjects and "The O'Leary-Sant" in a sample of 50 individuals due to the need for adjustments due to the low education population. The translation and adaptation process was successful and the instruments, after changes, proved easy to understand and fill quickly. However, this is a study prior to the validation process and will be pressing the use of the instrument in new research to be assessed its measurement properties. The stability of test-retest was evaluated using intervals of 3 to 7 days between the two applications. To check the discriminant validity were used three groups: patients with interstitial cystitis (IC), and two control groups: one composed of individuals with at least one symptom of CI (control 1) and another for those without symptoms (control 2). The test-retest was administered to 24 patients with IC (study group). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.56, IC: 95% (0.21-0.78) for the index of symptoms of "The O'Leary-Sant", 0.48, IC: 95% (0.10-0.73) for the index of issues of "The O'Leary-Sant" and 0.49, IC: 95% (0.12-0.74) for PUF. For the analysis of discriminant validity between groups used the Fisher exact test and odds ratios to identify the differences. The p-value <0.0001 indicated that, considering a significance level of 5%, the null hypothesis is rejected, ie, there were signs that at least two different groups were compared to the proportion of patients with interstitial cystitis. It was concluded that the two instruments analyzed did not reach the appropriate value for reliability, which creates the need for future studies of analyzes of psychometric measures in a larger sample of patients with interstitial cystitis / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

This study was designed to elicit Indo-Canadian women immigrants' experience of childbearing. Health care professionals do not know enough about the childbearing experiences of this cultural group. This may lead to conflicts and discrepancies of viewpoints between clients and professionals which may result in nurses providing care that is not perceived as relevant by the individual. This study was directed by the following questions: What are Indo-Canadian women's beliefs about childbearing? What are their perceptions of their traditional practices, in their ethnic community, surrounding childbearing? What are the western health care resources utilized by the women during childbearing? How are these western health care resources perceived by the women? Phenomenology, a qualitative research methodology, was used in this study. Data were collected through a series of indepth interviews with eight women. The initial audiotaped interviews were guided by the research questions and addressed the women's perceptions of their childbearing experiences. The data were comprised of the accounts given by the women in these interviews. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously throughout the study. Analytic material was thus used to focus and clarify the ongoing construction of accounts. The women described very different childbearing experiences. Dissimilarities in the phenomena under investigation were more evident than similarities and were attributed to the concept of acculturation. Two themes emerged from the data: the subjects' relationships with their families and the subjects' relationships with health care professionals. Each theme affected and was affected by the concept of acculturation. Influencing factors within the two themes were respect, authority, lack of knowledge and, in the case of the family, shyness. Perceived discrimination was an influencing factor in the subjects' relationships with post-partum hospital nurses. This study concluded that dissimilarities in the childbearing experiences of Indo-Canadian immigrant women are attributable to the process of acculturation; and that the women's childbearing experiences are located within a broader context of meanings associated with the reproductive cycle. The subjects' relationships with their families and with health care professionals are significant aspects of their childbearing experiences and are influenced by authority, respect, lack of knowledge and shyness. Discrimination is perceived by the women in relation to the post-partum hospital nurses. These conclusions have implications for nursing practice, research and education. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

No description available.

In the absence of a gold standard, this study illustrates the process involved in the cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the FOCUS© and its shortened version, FOCUS-34© (the Parent Form and Instruction Sheet, as well as the Clinician Form and Instruction Sheet), while also determining the social validity and clinical applicability of the translated measure. The target language used as example was Afrikaans, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa.

No description available.

Many features of the making of major managerial decisions have been covered by research - complexity, politicality, innovations, and so forth. Yet one - to which all others may be subject - remains almost untouched by research. It is the effects of societal culture on the way managers from different nations make, and implement, such decisions. This study compares the effects of a New World Latin dominated culture with those of an Old World Anglo-Saxon dominated culture, namely in Brazil and England respectively. It arises from the proposition that decision making, as well as other managerial practices, must be shaped by the cultures of the societies of which senior executives are part, in ways of which they themselves may be unaware. Methodologically, in response to the criticisms of earlier research which often attributed managerial and organizational differences to culture without direct evidence for that, this study began by composing portrayals of both cultures. The purpose of the portraits was to enable predictions of culturally affected elements in decision making, prior to empirical investigation. Data was collected by interview on twenty Brazilian and twenty English decisions in sixteen Brazilian and seventeen English organizations, ranging through a variety of manufacturing and service industries as well as universities. The examination of the results confirmed most of the predicted cultural characteristics. Differences although small on each variable were remarkably consistent across all variables. Brazilian strategic decision making was found to be dominated by a clique around the chief executive, who make fast decisions in a process strongly based on the social relationships between the participants. This style of decision making leads, in Brazil, to very informal processes, with little or no delays and, relatively speaking, less search for information. English decisions were found to be more consultative with more interests being involved in different stages of the process. Decisions in this country were characterized by caution and conservatism with some tendency to postpone decisions. Methodologically, the value of the prior conceptualization and description of societal culture is demonstrated since this gives meaning to the extensive differences found in all aspects of decision making. Theoretically, an attempt is made to elucidate the interconnectedness of societal culture and managerial behaviour.

No description available.

Despite the immense volume of depression literature, there are significant gaps of knowledge in depression research of ethnic minorities including Korean Americans. The primary purpose of this study was to enhance the theoretical and empirical understanding of the depressive experience of Korean Americans. A correlational-descriptive, cross-sectional design with multivariate analysis was employed to: (1) identify significant factors that influence the depression experience of Korean Americans, (2) test the psychometric properties of the Kim Depression Scale for Korean Americans, and (3) identify essential similarities and differences in manifestations of depression of Korean and Anglo Americans. A total of 305 subjects, 154 Korean Americans and 151 Anglo Americans participated in this comparison study of depression in Korean and Anglo Americans. The findings of this study identified some important mediators and moderators of the depression experience for Korean Americans. The results of the study also identified essential similarities and differences in depression manifestations of Korean and Anglo Americans. Among the most important outcomes of the study was the discovery of a clue that may help to delineate a cross-cultural boundary of depression. While understanding of the perceptions, antecedents, and outcomes of depression may need a culture-specific approach, the manifestation of depression seems to show more universal characteristics. These findings have implications for future cross-cultural depression research, the clinical management of depression, and potential preventive strategies against depression in immigrant populations such as Korean Americans.

Le cerveau des primates, et plus encore celui de l’homme, a évolué en s’adaptant à un environnement socialement complexe. Le nombre élevé d’individus qui composent le groupe, la sophistication des modes d’interaction et le risque de manipulation constituent autant de pressions de sélection exercées sur le cerveau. Cette perspective évolutionnaire a alimenté tout un courant de recherche en psychologie développementale tourné vers la cognition dite sociale. Ces recherches se sont portées sur la lecture des intentions, la distinction soi/autrui, l’altruisme, l’empathie, la morale, la compétition et la coopération. Toutes ces capacités constituent les premières briques de ce que l’on pourrait appeler une sociologie naïve. Mais certaines de ces capacités sont restées au second plan, et l’objectif général de ce projet sera d’aborder l’une des plus ignorées mais pas des moins centrales : l’aptitude à traiter les hiérarchies. Les relations dominance, ou d’ascendance, constituent une dimension essentielle de la vie des espèces sociales. Sur le plan évolutionniste, un rang social élevé confère des avantages adaptatifs décisifs car il garantit un accès privilégié aux ressources nutritives et reproductives. Le rôle crucial du rang social va dès lors exercer un certain nombre de contraintes cognitives. Les individus doivent, par exemple, être capables d’identifier l’organisation hiérarchique de leurs groupes et représenter les avantages offerts par le statut. On peut donc penser que chez bon nombre d’espèces sociales, des mécanismes cognitifs dédiés aux hiérarchies sociales aient évolué selon un processus sélectif. Néanmoins, les hiérarchies sociales chez l’homme se distinguent de celles des autres espèces par deux aspects importants. Premièrement, les attributs qui définissent la dominance sont beaucoup plus diversifiés et dépassent le simple cadre des relations agonistiques. Deuxièmement, à la différence des primates, les cultures humaines présentent des variations fortes dans le degré de structuration hiérarchique des sociétés. Il est donc possible d’imaginer que les mécanismes cognitifs impliqués dans le traitement des hiérarchies soient modulés par l’environnement culturel. La méthode interculturelle suivie ici permettra d’identifier des mécanismes potentiellement universels et d’autres sujets à une variation culturelle. Au cours des années 70 et 80, l’étude des hiérarchies chez l’enfant a connu une période féconde. Les travaux produits, largement inspirés par l’éthologie, ont permis de montrer que les relations de dominance étaient fréquentes, même chez des enfants très jeunes (1 à 2 ans), et qu’elles s’organisaient selon des structures linéaires. Néanmoins ces études, de part les méthodologies employées, ont largement négligé la perspective cognitive et n’ont pas donc permis d’établir des mécanismes précis impliqués dans le traitement des hiérarchies. Cette thèse vise à réintroduire l’étude de la dominance sociale au sein de la psychologie cognitive du développement. Elle s’articule autour de deux axes principaux : 1) Identifier la dominance : la capacité à identifier le statut hiérarchique et ses différents attributs et inférer les avantages que confère un statut élevé. 2) Agir face à la dominance : la distribution de ressources en fonction du statut et la préférence sociale en fonction du statut. Huit expériences sont rapportées dont une incluant une comparaison inter-culturelle entre la France, le Liban et le japon. Ces expériences ont montré la capacité des enfants dès 3 ans à identifier les relations de dominance et à inférer un certain nombre de caractéristiques à partir de ces relations. Les inférences de la dominance aux caractéristiques des individus incluent l'asymétrie de ressources, de compétences ainsi que le genre ; les enfants de trois cultures différentes ont associé le genre masculin au personnage dominant........ / According to the social brain hypothesis, the computational demands of living in large and complex societies favored the selection of unusually large brains and complex cognitive capacities (Dunbar & Shulz, 2007). Social cognition, that is, the cognitive processes devoted to monitor, control, and predict the behaviors of others, is vital to navigate the social world. It is especially essential for humans, who live in societies characterized by a dense convolution of social relationships. Given the importance of asymmetrical relationships within and across social groups (Sidanius & Pratto, 2001; Bente, Leuschner, Al Issa & Blascovich, 2010), the perceptual and inferential strategies necessary for processing dominance are certainly central to social cognition. Dominance is indeed pervasive in the human species (Fiske, 1992), it affects reproductive success (Ellis, 1995; Fieder, Huber, Bookstein, Iber, Schäfer, Winckler & Wallner, 2005; Kanazawa, 2003) and plays a central role in the formation of short and long-term alliances (Watts, 2010). Work in the human ethological tradition has described preschoolers' spontaneous social dominance structures: they are linear and stable (Strayer and Strayer, 1976; Lafrénière & Charlesworth, 1983); based on verbal and physical strategies (Hawley, 1999; Pellegrini, 2008) and are associated to social competence and affiliative structures (Vaugh & Waters, 1981; Hold, 1976). However, the observational approach adopted in these studies and the methodological shortcomings of some parallel experimental attempts (Omark & Edelman, 1975; Sluckin & Smith, 1977) preclude conclusions about the specific cognitive mechanisms responsible for coping with dominance relations.In line with the naïve sociology framework proposed by Jackendoff (1992) and Hirschfeld (1995), the present thesis takes an experimental developmental psychology approach to highlight the cognitive strategies that allow children to identify dominance relations, to form relevant expectations and to take action on the light of these expectations. A series of eight experiments investigated preschoolers’ abilities to make sense of social dominance situations, following two axes:Dominance Identification: the capacity to identify hierarchical status using several cues and to infer advantageous consequences of high status. Taking action in dominance contexts: allocation of resources and social choices in dominance contexts. The first set of experiments showed that preschoolers are able, from 3-years-old, to infer dominance not only from physical supremacy but also from decision power, age and resources. The second set of experiments showed that preschoolers have some expectations regarding how a dominant and subordinate individual are likely to differ. In particular, they expect that an individual who imposes his choice on another will exhibit higher competence in games and will have more resources. Another, intercultural experiment showed that children from 3 countries differing in gender equality norms associated masculine gender to dominant behavior since their 4th year. The three final experiments belonged to the second axis and showed a systematic age effect that suggests that choices that reinforce the status-quo are more salient before 5-years-old.

Introdução: no Brasil e em vários países do mundo, observa-se o aumento progressivo do número de idosos, como resultado da melhoria das condições de vida das populações e dos avanços tecnológicos na área da saúde. Esse processo tem ocasionado alterações nos perfis de morbimortalidade, com aumento de doenças crônico-degenerativas, dentre elas, as demências. Cuidar de pessoas com demência representa uma sobrecarga para as famílias. O reconhecimento dos sintomas da doença pode diminuir a tensão decorrente do cuidado e contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e seus familiares. Desde 2006, a avaliação para rastreamento de demência faz parte do Caderno de Atenção Básica a Saúde do Idoso: Envelhecimento e Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. No entanto, raramente é realizada na Atenção Básica. Muitos profissionais referem que não se sentem preparados e que não receberam formação ou treinamento para tal. Objetivo: disponibilizar para o Brasil o instrumento adaptado Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià nas versões para médicos e enfermeiros para a avaliação das necessidades de qualificação desses profissionais no atendimento a idosos com demência na Atenção Básica. Método: utilizou-se um protocolo de adaptação transcultural composto por seis etapas: tradução inicial feita por dois tradutores bilíngues do catalão para o português; síntese das traduções com aval dos dois tradutores; retrotradução feita por dois tradutores do português para o catalão; revisão por um comitê de juízes composto por médicos e enfermeiros especialistas no assunto; pré-teste com a aplicação do instrumento a 35 médicos e 35 enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família da região Sul do município de São Paulo, no período de 31 de março a 29 de abril de 2014, e aprovação do processo de adaptação pelo comitê de desenvolvedores do estudo. Todos os cuidados éticos foram observados. Resultados: após os processos de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções e retrotradução, os intrumentos foram submetidos ao comitê de juízes para a avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural/experimental e conceitual. Essa avaliação desencadeou a revisão dos itens que apresentaram índice de concordância inferior a 80% entre os juízes. Obtida a versão pré-final, a coleta de dados foi realizada pela pesquisadora e uma enfermeira previamente treinada para tal. A maioria dos médicos e enfermeiros era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 38,6 e 36,1 anos, respectivamente. As dificuldades apresentadas pelos profissionais ao responder os instrumentos limitaram-se a dúvidas de como responder as questões em que vários fatores devem ser identificados e classificados quanto a sua importância. Como tais dificuldades não foram apresentadas por 15% ou mais da amostra, as questões não foram alteradas. Conclusão: o instrumento Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià nas versões para médicos e enfermeiros foi adaptado ao contexto cultural brasileiro. As versões finais apresentam 28 questões para o instrumento direcionado aos médicos e 16, para o destinado aos enfermeiros, tal como as originais. / Introduction: in Brazil and in many other countries around the world, there is a progressive increase in the number of elderly people as a result of the improvement in the living conditions of the population and technological advances in healthcare. This process has led to changes in mortality profiles, with increased chronic degenerative diseases, including dementias. Caring for people with dementia is a burden on families. The recognition of the symptoms of this disease can decrease the tension resulting from care and contribute to the quality of life of patients and their families. Since 2006, the assessment for dementia screening is part of the Book of Basic Attention Health of the Elderly: Aging and the Elderly Health. However, it is rarely performed in the Basic Attention. Many professionals report that they do not feel prepared and have not received education or training to do so. Objective: make the adapted instrument Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià available in Brazil for physicians and nurses to the assessment of training needs of professionals in the care of elderly people with dementia in the Basic Attention. Method: cross-cultural adaptation protocol consisting of six stages: initial translation by two bilingual translators from catalan to portuguese; synthesis of these translations with the approval of both translators; back-translation by two translators from portuguese into catalan; review by a board of judges composed of expert physicians and nurses; pretest with the application of the instrument to 35 physicians and 35 nurses working at basic health units which operate with the family health strategy in the South of São Paulo State, in the period between March 31st and April 29th of 2014, and approval of the adaptation process by the developers of the study committee. All ethical guidelines were followed. Results: after the processes of initial translation, back-translation and synthesis of translations, the instruments were submitted to the judging board for the evaluation of semantics, idiomatic, cultural/experiential and conceptual equivalence. This assessment prompted the review of the items that had an index of less than 80% agreement among judges. Provided with the pre-final version, data were collected by the researcher and a nurse who had been previously trained. Most physicians and nurses were female, with the mean age of 38.6 and 36.1 years, respectively. The difficulties presented by the respondents were limited to issues regarding how to answer questions in which several factors had to be identified and classified as to their importance. As such difficulties were not submitted by 15% or more of the sample, the questions were not changed. Conclusion: the version of the instrument Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià for physicians and nurses was adapted to the Brazilian cultural context. The final versions have 28 questions for the instrument directed to physicians and 16, intended for nurses, just like the originals.