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Compreensão de sentenças em crianças com desenvolvimento normal de linguagem e com distúrbio específico de linguagem / Sentence comprehension in children with normal language development and with specific language impairmentPuglisi, Marina Leite 07 April 2010 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Tarefas de compreensão de sentenças exigem grandes demandas de processamento linguístico e consistem em uma ferramenta útil para investigar diferenças entre o desempenho de crianças de diferentes grupos. O objetivo desta tese foi verificar a existência dos efeitos crosslinguísticos, sócio-econômicos e do Distúrbio Específico de Linguagem (DEL) nas habilidades de compreensão de sentenças de crianças pequenas. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 269 crianças de 4 a 6 anos, divididas em quatro grupos: 1) Brasileiras de escola pública; 2) Brasileiras de escola privada; 3) Inglesas de escola pública; e 4) Brasileiras com DEL, de escola pública. As sentenças utilizadas neste estudo exigiam a compreensão de duas variáveis lingüísticas: a ordem das palavras e o morfema gramatical de número. RESULTADOS: O efeito sócio-econômico foi caracterizado por uma dificuldade específica em processar a informação morfológica de número. Houve um pequeno efeito crosslinguístico, especialmente relacionado à compreensão da ordem das palavras. A principal diferença entre os grupos foi encontrada para as crianças com DEL: enquanto as mais novas apresentaram padrões atípicos de resposta, as mais velhas tiveram um desempenho semelhante ao das crianças mais novas, em desenvolvimento normal de linguagem, pertencentes a baixos níveis sócio-econômicos. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados indicaram que o desempenho de crianças de 4 a 6 anos nesta prova de compreensão foi diferente de acordo com o grupo estudado, evidenciando efeitos sócio-econômicos, crosslinguísticos (embora em menor extensão) e do DEL. Esta prova foi particularmente útil para discriminar as crianças com DEL das demais, contribuindo para o diagnóstico da patologia. / INTRODUCTION: Sentence comprehension tasks require high linguistic processing demands and constitute an useful tool for investigating differences between various groups of children. The aim of this thesis was to verify the existence of crosslinguistic, socio-economic and Specific Language Impairments (SLI) effects on young childrens sentence comprehension abilities. METHODS: Participated on this study 269 children aged 4 to 6 years-old, divided into four groups: 1) Brazilian children from state schools; 2) Brazilian children from private schools; 3) English children from state schools; and 4) Brazilian SLI children from state schools. The sentences used in this study required the comprehension of two linguistic variables: word order and the number grammatical morpheme. RESULTS: The socioeconomic effect consisted on a significant difficulty in processing number morphological information. There was a small crosslinguistic effect, particularly related to word order comprehension. The main difference between groups was found for SLI children: while the youngest group showed atypical patterns of response, the oldest one performed similarly to younger children within normal language development, from low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that 4- to 6-yearold childrens performance on this sentence comprehension test varied regarding group, demonstrating socio-economic, crosslinguistic (although in less extent) and SLIs effects. This test was particularly useful to discriminate between SLI and normally developing children, contributing to differential diagnosis.
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Cross-cultural Feasibility, Reliability and Sources of Variance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Robins, Lee N., Cottler, Linda B., Sartorius, Norman, Burke, J. D., Regier, Darrel A. 25 March 2013 (has links) (PDF)
The CIDI is a fully standardised diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders based on the definitions and criteria of ICD-1Oand DSM-IlI-R. Field trials with the CIDI have been conducted in 18 centres around the world, to test the feasibility and reliability of the CIDI in different cultures and settings, as well as to test the inter-rater agreement for the different types of questions used. Of 590 subjects interviewed across all sites and rated by an interviewer and observer, 575 were eligible for analysis. The CIDI was judged to be acceptable for most subjects and was appropriate for use in different kinds of settings. Many subjects fulfilled criteria for more than one diagnosis (lifetime and six-month). The most frequent lifetime disorders were generalised anxiety, major depression, tobacco use disorders, and agoraphobia. Percentage agreements for all diagnoses were above 90% and the kappa values were all highly significant. No significant numbers of diagnostic disconcordances were found with lifetime, six-month, and four-week time frames.
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Defining the relationship of self-care agency to spirituality and cultural affiliation in Northeastern Oklhoma [sic] native American and Euro-American groupsBaker, Martha C. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
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General Strain Theory and Juvenile Delinquency: A Cross-Cultural StudyLin, Wen-Hsu 01 January 2011 (has links)
General strain theory (GST) (Agnew, 1992, 2001, 2006a) is an established criminological theory. Although the theory has been examined by many and enjoys empirical support, some limitations of previous studies need to be addressed. First, previous studies have not incorporated all major types of strain in their models; hence, the effects of these strains on delinquency are unclear. Second, many previous studies did not include negative emotions and even negative emotions other than anger. Finally, and the most serious limitation, many previous studies rely heavily on samples from Western countries, mostly the U.S.; thus, possible cultural influences are ignored. Although a few studies have moved forward by using subjects from Asia (e.g., China, Korea), these studies only provide empirical results regarding whether GST is applicable in other cultures. The lack of comparable samples from both Western and Eastern cultures hinders direct comparison.
The present research contributes to the theoretical body of literature through addressing the aforementioned three limitations. First, the study measures the major types of strain that are mentioned by Agnew. Second, anger and depression are included in the analysis, which addresses not only the limitations of previous studies but also the suggestions of Agnew (2006a). In addition, the measure of anger is situational and consistent with GST. Thirdly, the present study uses the same research instrument to collect comparable samples from both the U.S. (Western country) and Taiwan (Eastern country). This enables a direct comparison across cultural boundaries, and the similarities and differences can be empirically established.
Whereas the core propositions of GST are supported, the study finds some negative results. In addition, most of the GST processes are found to be similar between the U.S. and Taiwanese juveniles. However, some differences were also discovered. Explanation of these similarities and differences from their cultural perspectives are offered. Furthermore, the results from this study also raise some challenges to GST and point out that revisions of GST may be required.
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Bien-être subjectif et indécision vocationnelle : une comparaison interculturelle. / Subjective well-being and career indecision : a cross-cultural comparisonSovet, Laurent 19 November 2014 (has links)
Le bien-être subjectif se définit comme une approche hédonique du bonheur renvoyant à une évaluation générale de sa propre vie dans ses dimensions cognitives et affectives. Bien que ce concept ait fait l’objet d’une littérature scientifique abondante, peu de travaux ont porté explicitement sur ses relations avec la construction du choix d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Notre revue de la littérature met également en évidence l’opposition des approches ascendantes et descendantes dans l’étude des liens en ces variables rendant le sens de la causalité particulièrement complexe à appréhender. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une meilleure compréhension aux relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. De même, afin de tester le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles, nous avons inscrit notre étude dans une comparaison interculturelle interrogeant des étudiants sud-coréens, étatsuniens et français. La première partie de nos résultats est largement consacrée à l’étude de la validité psychométrique des outils utilisés dans les différents contextes cibles tandis que la deuxième partie s’intéresse davantage à l’analyse des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. Une série de trois études fut conduite dans chaque pays cible dans le but d’examiner successivement le rôle modérateur des caractéristiques individuelles, des traits de la personnalité et du bien-être psychologique. Les résultats indiquent globalement que le bien-être subjectif est significativement associé à l’indécision vocationnelle quel que soit l’échantillon considéré bien que plusieurs effets modérateurs soient observés. À partir de notre revue de la littérature et des résultats obtenus, un modèle théorique des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle est proposé différenciant les modèles ascendants et descendants par des mécanismes distincts. L’implication de ces résultats autour d’une vision holistique de l’individu est discutée dans des perspectives théoriques et pratiques. / Subjective well-being may be defined as a hedonic approach of happiness referring to an overall evaluation of individual’s life integrating both cognitive and affective components. Although that concept has been the focus of a considerable scientific literature, few research explored explicitly its relationships with career decision-making process. Our literature review highlighted the opposition between bottom-up and top-down approaches in the study of the relationships between these two variables making particularly complex to determine the causal direction. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to bring a better understanding on the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. Also, in order to test the role of individual and contextual characteristics, we conducted a cross-cultural comparison which include Korean, US, and French college students. The first part of our results was devoted to explore the psychometric properties of several instruments used in the different countries while the second part was more focused on the analysis of the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. A series of three studies were conducted in each target country for examining successively the moderator role of individual characteristics, personality traits, and psychological well-being. Overall, results showed that subjective well-being was significantly associated with career indecision across samples despite several moderator effects were observed. Based on our literature review and results, we developed a theoretical model integrating subjective well-being and career indecision while arguing distinctive mechanisms in bottom-up and top-down approaches. The implications of those results toward a holistic approach of individual counseling are discussed in both research and practical directions.
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An Evaluation Of Current Human Resource Management Practices In The Turkish Private SectorSozer, Seray 01 December 2004 (has links) (PDF)
This study explored human resource management (HRM) functions of 200 work organizations operating in Turkey using a questionnaire. The participating organizations were the members of either the Personnel Managers Association or the Quality Association in Turkey. Job analysis and design, recruitment and selection, orientation and employee training, performance appraisal, career planning and development, human resource planning, compensation management and incentives, managing employee health and safety were among the fields that were examined. In addition to the prevalent HRM functions, the profile of Human Resource Departments of the organizations (i.e., title, size, number of hierarchical levels, etc.), the characteristics of HRM managers (education, age, gender, experience, etc.) were also examined. For example, it was found that the departments operating in field of HRM were named Human Resource Department in 59.5% of the organizations in the sample. Moreover, the results indicated that the main HRM areas practiced by the private sector organizations operating in Turkey were personnel selection, employee recruitment, training and development, compensation management, and employee orientation. Nevertheless, the other essential functions of HRM, such as job analysis, human resource planning and career planning, and development were not practiced as frequently. Whether those functions were frequently practiced or not, each of them was further analysed in terms their specific applications. Another aim of the present study was to compare the practices of HRM in Turkey with its applications in the world. For instance, the results demonstrated that recruiting via internet was practiced frequently in the surveyed organizations and in the US companies. The present study also revealed that personnel selection methods, such as interviews, were popular among surveyed organizations and organizations in Eastern European countries, England, and the US.
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Bien-être subjectif et indécision vocationnelle : une comparaison interculturelle. / Subjective well-being and career indecision : a cross-cultural comparisonSovet, Laurent 19 November 2014 (has links)
Le bien-être subjectif se définit comme une approche hédonique du bonheur renvoyant à une évaluation générale de sa propre vie dans ses dimensions cognitives et affectives. Bien que ce concept ait fait l’objet d’une littérature scientifique abondante, peu de travaux ont porté explicitement sur ses relations avec la construction du choix d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Notre revue de la littérature met également en évidence l’opposition des approches ascendantes et descendantes dans l’étude des liens en ces variables rendant le sens de la causalité particulièrement complexe à appréhender. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une meilleure compréhension aux relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. De même, afin de tester le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles, nous avons inscrit notre étude dans une comparaison interculturelle interrogeant des étudiants sud-coréens, étatsuniens et français. La première partie de nos résultats est largement consacrée à l’étude de la validité psychométrique des outils utilisés dans les différents contextes cibles tandis que la deuxième partie s’intéresse davantage à l’analyse des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. Une série de trois études fut conduite dans chaque pays cible dans le but d’examiner successivement le rôle modérateur des caractéristiques individuelles, des traits de la personnalité et du bien-être psychologique. Les résultats indiquent globalement que le bien-être subjectif est significativement associé à l’indécision vocationnelle quel que soit l’échantillon considéré bien que plusieurs effets modérateurs soient observés. À partir de notre revue de la littérature et des résultats obtenus, un modèle théorique des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle est proposé différenciant les modèles ascendants et descendants par des mécanismes distincts. L’implication de ces résultats autour d’une vision holistique de l’individu est discutée dans des perspectives théoriques et pratiques. / Subjective well-being may be defined as a hedonic approach of happiness referring to an overall evaluation of individual’s life integrating both cognitive and affective components. Although that concept has been the focus of a considerable scientific literature, few research explored explicitly its relationships with career decision-making process. Our literature review highlighted the opposition between bottom-up and top-down approaches in the study of the relationships between these two variables making particularly complex to determine the causal direction. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to bring a better understanding on the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. Also, in order to test the role of individual and contextual characteristics, we conducted a cross-cultural comparison which include Korean, US, and French college students. The first part of our results was devoted to explore the psychometric properties of several instruments used in the different countries while the second part was more focused on the analysis of the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. A series of three studies were conducted in each target country for examining successively the moderator role of individual characteristics, personality traits, and psychological well-being. Overall, results showed that subjective well-being was significantly associated with career indecision across samples despite several moderator effects were observed. Based on our literature review and results, we developed a theoretical model integrating subjective well-being and career indecision while arguing distinctive mechanisms in bottom-up and top-down approaches. The implications of those results toward a holistic approach of individual counseling are discussed in both research and practical directions.
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Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento D-Catch para o uso no Brasil / Translation and cultural adaptation of the D-CATCH instrument for use in Brazil / Traducción y adaptación transcultural del instrumento DCATCH para uso en el BrasilVargas, Cíntia Rosa de January 2014 (has links)
Os registros na saúde, especialmente na área da enfermagem, fundamentam uma assistência mais segura e com maior qualidade ao ser humano, visando à integralidade das ações. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural para uso no Brasil de um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem. O instrumento escolhido foi o D-CATCH, que se trata de um instrumento holandês de avaliação da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem, validado em contexto europeu e publicado em língua inglesa. Dentre os instrumentos existentes, escolheu-se o referido por ter sido considerado o mais completo para a avaliação dos registros. O D-CATCH é composto de 125 itens e sete dimensões: identificação, estrutura geral do registro, admissão/histórico de enfermagem, problema de enfermagem, cuidado/prescrição de enfermagem, metas de enfermagem e legibilidade. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram aplicadas as etapas metodológicas de tradução, síntese, back-translation, comitê de experts em enfermagem e equivalência semântica. A back-translation foi enviada ao autor do instrumento, que acreditou ser possível aplicar sua versão brasileira, desde que feitas modificações em dois itens. Essas modificações foram pontuadas pelos experts e confrontadas com a literatura. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva e do Índice de Concordância Global. Os resultados da equivalência semântica dos 125 itens do instrumento apontaram para 74 itens (59%) com 100% de concordância, 18 itens (15%) com 83% de concordância e 33 itens (26%) com concordância abaixo de 79%. Constatou-se que 92 itens do D-CATCH (73%) obtiveram ICG igual ou maior que 83%. Destaca-se que os itens com ICG de 83% foram ajustados mediante análise da literatura. Quatro itens que obtiveram ICG de 100% foram alterados no intuito de manter a uniformização e permitir melhor compreensão do instrumento. Quatro itens foram omitidos, dois na dimensão identificação e dois na dimensão problema de enfermagem, pois não se adaptavam ao contexto do estudo. Acredita-se que essas omissões não prejudicaram a pesquisa devido à sua natureza e considerando que os quatro itens representam 3% de todo o instrumento. Dessa forma, a versão brasileira do DCATCH é composta de 121 itens. Os menores índices de concordância estão relacionados ao processo de enfermagem nas seguintes etapas: histórico, diagnóstico, cuidados, evolução e resultados.Conclui-se que os resultados refletem a realidade brasileira, não existindo uniformização em relação a esses termos e/ou sua aplicação. Acredita-se que, com o rigor metodológico e a análise embasada cientificamente, os resultados foram alcançados, e considera-se o D-CATCH traduzido e adaptado para a realidade do Brasil. Recomenda-se, porém que o instrumento seja testado clinicamente, tornando-o válido para a aplicação no contexto da enfermagem brasileira. A relevância do estudo está relacionada ao ensino, assistência e pesquisa, pois possibilita o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e o raciocínio diagnóstico na tomada de decisão clínica em direção a uma prática com base em evidências. A aplicação do D-CATCH na avaliação dos registros de enfermagem poderá oferecer subsídios para a aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem em diferentes contextos da prática profissional, orientando o enfermeiro na tomada de decisão clínica acurada e assim promovendo o cuidado seguro. No que se refere às propostas futuras, o DCATCH poderá avaliar os registros em diferentes cenários da prática profissional como unidade de terapia intensiva, pediatria, emergência. Os resultados poderão reorientar o cuidado de enfermagem e revelar a necessidade de capacitação. / The records in health care, especially in the nursing area, establish a safer care and with higher quality for human beings, aiming at the integrality of actions. Thus, this study aimed to perform the translation and cultural adaptation for use in Brazil of an evaluation instrument of the quality of nursing records. The instrument chosen was the D-CATCH, that it is a Dutch evaluation instrument of the quality of nursing records, validated in the European context and published in English. Among the existing instruments, we chose the one above because it was considered the most complete for the evaluation of the records. The D-CATCH is consisted of 125 items and seven dimensions: identification, general record structure, admission/nursing history, nursing problem, care/nursing prescription, nursing goals and readability. For the research, the methodological steps of translation, synthesis, back translation, committee of experts in nursing and semantic equivalence were applied. The back-translation was sent to the author of the instrument, who believed to be possible to apply its Brazilian version since changes were made in two items. These changes were pointed by the experts and compared with the literature. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics and the Global Concordance Index. The results of the semantic equivalence of the 125 items of the instrument pointed to 74 items (59%) with 100% agreement, 18 items (15%) with 83% agreement and 33 items (26%) with agreement below 79%. It was found that 92 items of the D-CATCH (73%) had GCI equal to or greater than 83%. It is noteworthy that the items with GCI of 83% were adjusted after literature analysis. Four items that had GCI of 100% were changed in order to keep the uniformity and allow a better understanding of the instrument. Four items were omitted, two in the identification dimension and two in the nursing problem dimension because they did not adapt to the context of the study. It is believed that these omissions did not damage the research due to its nature and considering that the four items represent 3% of the entire instrument. Thus, the Brazilian version of the D-CATCH is composed of 121 items. The lowest levels of concordance are related to the nursing process in the following steps: history, diagnose, care, progress and results. It is concluded that the results reflect the Brazilian reality, with no uniformity in relation to these terms and/or its application. It is believed that, with the methodological rigor and analysis scientifically based, the results were achieved, and it is considered the D-CATCH translated and adapted to the reality of Brazil. It is recommended, however, that the instrument be clinically tested, making it valid for application in the context of Brazilian nursing. The relevance of the study is related to education, care and research, because it allows the development of critical thinking and diagnostic reasoning in clinical decision making toward a practice based in evidence. The application of the D-CATCH in the evaluation of nursing records will be able to provide aids for the application of Nursing Process in different contexts of professional practice, guiding the nurse in accurate clinical decision making and thereby promoting a safe care. With regard to future proposals, the D-CATCH will be able to evaluate records in different scenarios of professional practice as an intensive care unit, pediatrics, emergency. The results will be able to reorient nursing care and highlight the need for training. / Los registros en salud, especialmente en el área de enfermería, fundamentan una asistencia más segura y con mayor calidad al ser humano, visando la integralidad de las acciones. Bajo ese punto de vista, el presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de realizar la traducción y la adaptación transcultural para utilización en Brasil de un instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería. El instrumento elegido fue el D-CATCH, un instrumento holandés de evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería, validado en el contexto europeo y publicado en lengua inglesa. De entre los instrumentos existentes, se escogió lo referido por haber sido considerado el más completo para la evaluación de registros. El D-CATCH se compone de 125 items y siete dimensiones: identificación, estructura general del registro, admisión/histórico de enfermería, problema de enfermería, cuidado/prescripción de enfermería, metas de enfermería y legibilidad. Para realizarse la investigación, fueron aplicadas las etapas metodológicas de traducción, síntesis, back-translation, comité de expertos en enfermería y equivalencia semántica. El back-translation fue enviado al autor del instrumento, que creyó ser posible aplicar su versión brasileña, a condición que se hacen modificaciones en dos items. Esas modificaciones fueron puntuadas por los expertos y confrontadas con la literatura. El análisis de los datos ocurrió por medio de la estadística descriptiva y del Índice de Concordancia Global. Los resultados de la equivalencia semántica de los 125 items del instrumento apuntaron para 74 items (59%) con 100% de concordancia, 18 items (15%) con 83% de concordancia y 33 items (26%) con concordancia abajo de 79%. Se constató que 92 items del D-CATCH (73%) obtuvieron ICG igual o mayor que 83%. Se destaca que los items con ICG de 83% fueron ajustados mediante análisis de la literatura. Cuatro items que obtuvieron ICG de 100% fueron alterados con el objetivo de mantener la uniformidad y permitir mejor comprensión del instrumento. Cuatro items fueron omitidos, dos en la dimensión identificación y dos en la dimensión problema de enfermería, pues no se adaptaban al contexto del estudio. Se acredita que esas omisiones no perjudicaron la investigación debido a su naturaleza y considerando que los cuatro items representan 3% de todo el instrumento. De esa forma, la versión brasileña del D-CATCH se compone de 121 items. Los menores índices de concordancia están relacionados al proceso de enfermería en las siguientes etapas: histórico, diagnóstico, cuidados, evolución y resultados. Se concluye que los resultados reflejan la realidad brasileña, no existiendo uniformización en relación a eses términos y/o su aplicación. Se acredita que, con el rigor metodológico y el análisis con base científica, los resultados fueron alcanzados, y se considera el D-CATCH traducido y adaptado para la realidad de Brasil. Se recomienda sin embargo que el instrumento sea testado clínicamente, haciéndolo válido para su aplicación en el contexto de la enfermería brasileña. La relevancia del estudio se relaciona con la enseñanza, la asistencia, y la investigación, pues posibilita el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y el raciocinio diagnóstico en la toma de decisión clínica rumbo a una práctica con base en evidencias. La aplicación del D-CATCH en la evaluación de los registros de enfermería podrá ofrecer subsidios para la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería en diferentes contextos de la práctica profesional, orientando el enfermero en la toma de decisión clínica precisa y así promoviendo el cuidado seguro. En lo que se refiere a las propuestas futuras, el D-CATCH podrá evaluar los registros en diferentes escenarios de la práctica profesional como la unidad de terapia intensiva, la pediatría y la emergencia. Los resultados podrán reorientar el cuidado de enfermería y revelar la necesidad de capacitación.
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Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento D-Catch para o uso no Brasil / Translation and cultural adaptation of the D-CATCH instrument for use in Brazil / Traducción y adaptación transcultural del instrumento DCATCH para uso en el BrasilVargas, Cíntia Rosa de January 2014 (has links)
Os registros na saúde, especialmente na área da enfermagem, fundamentam uma assistência mais segura e com maior qualidade ao ser humano, visando à integralidade das ações. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural para uso no Brasil de um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem. O instrumento escolhido foi o D-CATCH, que se trata de um instrumento holandês de avaliação da qualidade dos registros de enfermagem, validado em contexto europeu e publicado em língua inglesa. Dentre os instrumentos existentes, escolheu-se o referido por ter sido considerado o mais completo para a avaliação dos registros. O D-CATCH é composto de 125 itens e sete dimensões: identificação, estrutura geral do registro, admissão/histórico de enfermagem, problema de enfermagem, cuidado/prescrição de enfermagem, metas de enfermagem e legibilidade. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram aplicadas as etapas metodológicas de tradução, síntese, back-translation, comitê de experts em enfermagem e equivalência semântica. A back-translation foi enviada ao autor do instrumento, que acreditou ser possível aplicar sua versão brasileira, desde que feitas modificações em dois itens. Essas modificações foram pontuadas pelos experts e confrontadas com a literatura. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva e do Índice de Concordância Global. Os resultados da equivalência semântica dos 125 itens do instrumento apontaram para 74 itens (59%) com 100% de concordância, 18 itens (15%) com 83% de concordância e 33 itens (26%) com concordância abaixo de 79%. Constatou-se que 92 itens do D-CATCH (73%) obtiveram ICG igual ou maior que 83%. Destaca-se que os itens com ICG de 83% foram ajustados mediante análise da literatura. Quatro itens que obtiveram ICG de 100% foram alterados no intuito de manter a uniformização e permitir melhor compreensão do instrumento. Quatro itens foram omitidos, dois na dimensão identificação e dois na dimensão problema de enfermagem, pois não se adaptavam ao contexto do estudo. Acredita-se que essas omissões não prejudicaram a pesquisa devido à sua natureza e considerando que os quatro itens representam 3% de todo o instrumento. Dessa forma, a versão brasileira do DCATCH é composta de 121 itens. Os menores índices de concordância estão relacionados ao processo de enfermagem nas seguintes etapas: histórico, diagnóstico, cuidados, evolução e resultados.Conclui-se que os resultados refletem a realidade brasileira, não existindo uniformização em relação a esses termos e/ou sua aplicação. Acredita-se que, com o rigor metodológico e a análise embasada cientificamente, os resultados foram alcançados, e considera-se o D-CATCH traduzido e adaptado para a realidade do Brasil. Recomenda-se, porém que o instrumento seja testado clinicamente, tornando-o válido para a aplicação no contexto da enfermagem brasileira. A relevância do estudo está relacionada ao ensino, assistência e pesquisa, pois possibilita o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e o raciocínio diagnóstico na tomada de decisão clínica em direção a uma prática com base em evidências. A aplicação do D-CATCH na avaliação dos registros de enfermagem poderá oferecer subsídios para a aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem em diferentes contextos da prática profissional, orientando o enfermeiro na tomada de decisão clínica acurada e assim promovendo o cuidado seguro. No que se refere às propostas futuras, o DCATCH poderá avaliar os registros em diferentes cenários da prática profissional como unidade de terapia intensiva, pediatria, emergência. Os resultados poderão reorientar o cuidado de enfermagem e revelar a necessidade de capacitação. / The records in health care, especially in the nursing area, establish a safer care and with higher quality for human beings, aiming at the integrality of actions. Thus, this study aimed to perform the translation and cultural adaptation for use in Brazil of an evaluation instrument of the quality of nursing records. The instrument chosen was the D-CATCH, that it is a Dutch evaluation instrument of the quality of nursing records, validated in the European context and published in English. Among the existing instruments, we chose the one above because it was considered the most complete for the evaluation of the records. The D-CATCH is consisted of 125 items and seven dimensions: identification, general record structure, admission/nursing history, nursing problem, care/nursing prescription, nursing goals and readability. For the research, the methodological steps of translation, synthesis, back translation, committee of experts in nursing and semantic equivalence were applied. The back-translation was sent to the author of the instrument, who believed to be possible to apply its Brazilian version since changes were made in two items. These changes were pointed by the experts and compared with the literature. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics and the Global Concordance Index. The results of the semantic equivalence of the 125 items of the instrument pointed to 74 items (59%) with 100% agreement, 18 items (15%) with 83% agreement and 33 items (26%) with agreement below 79%. It was found that 92 items of the D-CATCH (73%) had GCI equal to or greater than 83%. It is noteworthy that the items with GCI of 83% were adjusted after literature analysis. Four items that had GCI of 100% were changed in order to keep the uniformity and allow a better understanding of the instrument. Four items were omitted, two in the identification dimension and two in the nursing problem dimension because they did not adapt to the context of the study. It is believed that these omissions did not damage the research due to its nature and considering that the four items represent 3% of the entire instrument. Thus, the Brazilian version of the D-CATCH is composed of 121 items. The lowest levels of concordance are related to the nursing process in the following steps: history, diagnose, care, progress and results. It is concluded that the results reflect the Brazilian reality, with no uniformity in relation to these terms and/or its application. It is believed that, with the methodological rigor and analysis scientifically based, the results were achieved, and it is considered the D-CATCH translated and adapted to the reality of Brazil. It is recommended, however, that the instrument be clinically tested, making it valid for application in the context of Brazilian nursing. The relevance of the study is related to education, care and research, because it allows the development of critical thinking and diagnostic reasoning in clinical decision making toward a practice based in evidence. The application of the D-CATCH in the evaluation of nursing records will be able to provide aids for the application of Nursing Process in different contexts of professional practice, guiding the nurse in accurate clinical decision making and thereby promoting a safe care. With regard to future proposals, the D-CATCH will be able to evaluate records in different scenarios of professional practice as an intensive care unit, pediatrics, emergency. The results will be able to reorient nursing care and highlight the need for training. / Los registros en salud, especialmente en el área de enfermería, fundamentan una asistencia más segura y con mayor calidad al ser humano, visando la integralidad de las acciones. Bajo ese punto de vista, el presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de realizar la traducción y la adaptación transcultural para utilización en Brasil de un instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería. El instrumento elegido fue el D-CATCH, un instrumento holandés de evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería, validado en el contexto europeo y publicado en lengua inglesa. De entre los instrumentos existentes, se escogió lo referido por haber sido considerado el más completo para la evaluación de registros. El D-CATCH se compone de 125 items y siete dimensiones: identificación, estructura general del registro, admisión/histórico de enfermería, problema de enfermería, cuidado/prescripción de enfermería, metas de enfermería y legibilidad. Para realizarse la investigación, fueron aplicadas las etapas metodológicas de traducción, síntesis, back-translation, comité de expertos en enfermería y equivalencia semántica. El back-translation fue enviado al autor del instrumento, que creyó ser posible aplicar su versión brasileña, a condición que se hacen modificaciones en dos items. Esas modificaciones fueron puntuadas por los expertos y confrontadas con la literatura. El análisis de los datos ocurrió por medio de la estadística descriptiva y del Índice de Concordancia Global. Los resultados de la equivalencia semántica de los 125 items del instrumento apuntaron para 74 items (59%) con 100% de concordancia, 18 items (15%) con 83% de concordancia y 33 items (26%) con concordancia abajo de 79%. Se constató que 92 items del D-CATCH (73%) obtuvieron ICG igual o mayor que 83%. Se destaca que los items con ICG de 83% fueron ajustados mediante análisis de la literatura. Cuatro items que obtuvieron ICG de 100% fueron alterados con el objetivo de mantener la uniformidad y permitir mejor comprensión del instrumento. Cuatro items fueron omitidos, dos en la dimensión identificación y dos en la dimensión problema de enfermería, pues no se adaptaban al contexto del estudio. Se acredita que esas omisiones no perjudicaron la investigación debido a su naturaleza y considerando que los cuatro items representan 3% de todo el instrumento. De esa forma, la versión brasileña del D-CATCH se compone de 121 items. Los menores índices de concordancia están relacionados al proceso de enfermería en las siguientes etapas: histórico, diagnóstico, cuidados, evolución y resultados. Se concluye que los resultados reflejan la realidad brasileña, no existiendo uniformización en relación a eses términos y/o su aplicación. Se acredita que, con el rigor metodológico y el análisis con base científica, los resultados fueron alcanzados, y se considera el D-CATCH traducido y adaptado para la realidad de Brasil. Se recomienda sin embargo que el instrumento sea testado clínicamente, haciéndolo válido para su aplicación en el contexto de la enfermería brasileña. La relevancia del estudio se relaciona con la enseñanza, la asistencia, y la investigación, pues posibilita el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y el raciocinio diagnóstico en la toma de decisión clínica rumbo a una práctica con base en evidencias. La aplicación del D-CATCH en la evaluación de los registros de enfermería podrá ofrecer subsidios para la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería en diferentes contextos de la práctica profesional, orientando el enfermero en la toma de decisión clínica precisa y así promoviendo el cuidado seguro. En lo que se refiere a las propuestas futuras, el D-CATCH podrá evaluar los registros en diferentes escenarios de la práctica profesional como la unidad de terapia intensiva, la pediatría y la emergencia. Los resultados podrán reorientar el cuidado de enfermería y revelar la necesidad de capacitación.
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Adaptação transcultural do instrumento Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià / Cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció PrimariàGislaine Desani da Costa 29 July 2014 (has links)
Introdução: no Brasil e em vários países do mundo, observa-se o aumento progressivo do número de idosos, como resultado da melhoria das condições de vida das populações e dos avanços tecnológicos na área da saúde. Esse processo tem ocasionado alterações nos perfis de morbimortalidade, com aumento de doenças crônico-degenerativas, dentre elas, as demências. Cuidar de pessoas com demência representa uma sobrecarga para as famílias. O reconhecimento dos sintomas da doença pode diminuir a tensão decorrente do cuidado e contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e seus familiares. Desde 2006, a avaliação para rastreamento de demência faz parte do Caderno de Atenção Básica a Saúde do Idoso: Envelhecimento e Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. No entanto, raramente é realizada na Atenção Básica. Muitos profissionais referem que não se sentem preparados e que não receberam formação ou treinamento para tal. Objetivo: disponibilizar para o Brasil o instrumento adaptado Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià nas versões para médicos e enfermeiros para a avaliação das necessidades de qualificação desses profissionais no atendimento a idosos com demência na Atenção Básica. Método: utilizou-se um protocolo de adaptação transcultural composto por seis etapas: tradução inicial feita por dois tradutores bilíngues do catalão para o português; síntese das traduções com aval dos dois tradutores; retrotradução feita por dois tradutores do português para o catalão; revisão por um comitê de juízes composto por médicos e enfermeiros especialistas no assunto; pré-teste com a aplicação do instrumento a 35 médicos e 35 enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família da região Sul do município de São Paulo, no período de 31 de março a 29 de abril de 2014, e aprovação do processo de adaptação pelo comitê de desenvolvedores do estudo. Todos os cuidados éticos foram observados. Resultados: após os processos de tradução inicial, síntese das traduções e retrotradução, os intrumentos foram submetidos ao comitê de juízes para a avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, cultural/experimental e conceitual. Essa avaliação desencadeou a revisão dos itens que apresentaram índice de concordância inferior a 80% entre os juízes. Obtida a versão pré-final, a coleta de dados foi realizada pela pesquisadora e uma enfermeira previamente treinada para tal. A maioria dos médicos e enfermeiros era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 38,6 e 36,1 anos, respectivamente. As dificuldades apresentadas pelos profissionais ao responder os instrumentos limitaram-se a dúvidas de como responder as questões em que vários fatores devem ser identificados e classificados quanto a sua importância. Como tais dificuldades não foram apresentadas por 15% ou mais da amostra, as questões não foram alteradas. Conclusão: o instrumento Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià nas versões para médicos e enfermeiros foi adaptado ao contexto cultural brasileiro. As versões finais apresentam 28 questões para o instrumento direcionado aos médicos e 16, para o destinado aos enfermeiros, tal como as originais. / Introduction: in Brazil and in many other countries around the world, there is a progressive increase in the number of elderly people as a result of the improvement in the living conditions of the population and technological advances in healthcare. This process has led to changes in mortality profiles, with increased chronic degenerative diseases, including dementias. Caring for people with dementia is a burden on families. The recognition of the symptoms of this disease can decrease the tension resulting from care and contribute to the quality of life of patients and their families. Since 2006, the assessment for dementia screening is part of the Book of Basic Attention Health of the Elderly: Aging and the Elderly Health. However, it is rarely performed in the Basic Attention. Many professionals report that they do not feel prepared and have not received education or training to do so. Objective: make the adapted instrument Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià available in Brazil for physicians and nurses to the assessment of training needs of professionals in the care of elderly people with dementia in the Basic Attention. Method: cross-cultural adaptation protocol consisting of six stages: initial translation by two bilingual translators from catalan to portuguese; synthesis of these translations with the approval of both translators; back-translation by two translators from portuguese into catalan; review by a board of judges composed of expert physicians and nurses; pretest with the application of the instrument to 35 physicians and 35 nurses working at basic health units which operate with the family health strategy in the South of São Paulo State, in the period between March 31st and April 29th of 2014, and approval of the adaptation process by the developers of the study committee. All ethical guidelines were followed. Results: after the processes of initial translation, back-translation and synthesis of translations, the instruments were submitted to the judging board for the evaluation of semantics, idiomatic, cultural/experiential and conceptual equivalence. This assessment prompted the review of the items that had an index of less than 80% agreement among judges. Provided with the pre-final version, data were collected by the researcher and a nurse who had been previously trained. Most physicians and nurses were female, with the mean age of 38.6 and 36.1 years, respectively. The difficulties presented by the respondents were limited to issues regarding how to answer questions in which several factors had to be identified and classified as to their importance. As such difficulties were not submitted by 15% or more of the sample, the questions were not changed. Conclusion: the version of the instrument Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L\' Atenció Primarià for physicians and nurses was adapted to the Brazilian cultural context. The final versions have 28 questions for the instrument directed to physicians and 16, intended for nurses, just like the originals.
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