The integration of remote sensing and digital documentation into archaeological practice has aided in the discovery of historical remains and improved the recordation of artifacts and built heritage. This thesis will explore the evolution of remote sensing and its relationship to archaeology and heritage conservation. Remote sensing employs image capturing and radar systems to record data both on the ground and in the air, which can be utilized to create three dimensional (3D) models and maps detailing archaeological, architectural, and geological features. In the past two decades that its use has become more common in the heritage sector. Remote sensing technologies are continuously improving and the applications for them are increasing, making the future of remote sensing very promising. Given the significance of the archaeological record to Etruscan studies, Etruscan archaeological sites provide significant and connected case studies for the employment of remote sensing forms at active and inactive ancient heritage sites / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

This thesis examines the historical geography of Scottish natural history societies active during the period 1831-1900. It argues that the work of the societies described and constituted an important set of relations between science and Scottish civil society that has not been investigated hitherto. The institutional practices of natural history, including fieldwork and display, involved encounters between scientific and cultural expectations which were played out in relation to different audiences and in a variety of sites and spaces. A central concern of Scottish associational naturalists was to transpose science into the language of civic pride and progress. At the same time, members of these societies were anxious to maintain epistemic credibility in relation to a scientific culture itself in flux. The task of appealing both to a local public and to a scientific constituency took different forms in different civic and scientific contexts. The thesis attempts to detail this historical geography with reference to the societies' activities of display, fieldwork, publishing and collective scientific endeavour. The work is based on assessment of primary sources, published and unpublished, and a variety of secondary material. The thesis is organised to reflect the features central to the past geographies of Scottish natural history as associational civic science. The first substantive section (Section II, Chapters 2-5) analyses the efforts of society members to persuade local publics of the relevance and the benefits of associational natural history. Fieldwork involved a series of situated negotiations and affiliations between the language and practices of leisure, aesthetic taste, moral improvement and science. Through public events and built spaces natural history was promoted as an expression of civic culture and as a set of practices capable of transforming urban society. At an individual level, supporters of civic science championed an image of the naturalist as public servant and votary of nature, an image that linked scientific conduct to civic identity. The second substantive section (Section III, Chapters 6-7) examines the influence of the meaning and methods of later-nineteenth-century science on the organisation and activities of Scottish natural history societies. Initiatives to standardise the work of local scientific societies are considered alongside the efforts of individual members to secure a scientific reputation. In addition, the changing relations between the research activities of the societies and the emergence and consolidation of scientific disciplines are investigated alongside the maintenance of an inter-disciplinary ethos. In Chapter 7, engagement with evolutionary ideas is examined, uncovering the ways in which Darwinism was deployed to reinforce, and also to modify, an inductivist view of science and to argue for the continuing relevance of associational natural history to local civil society. In conclusion, the thesis reveals the historical geography of nineteenth-century Scottish natural history to be a dynamic narrative of intellectual and institutional activity conducted in different social and scientific spaces, and it suggests that these practices of local science were an important constituent of civic society and, in part, of national natural knowledge in nineteenth-century Scotland.

Allt hårdare lagkrav gör att det är svårt att energieffektivisera befintliga byggnader utan att förändra deras utseende. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utreda hur stor energieffektivisering, för tre befintliga småhus uppförda under 1900-talet, som är möjlig att uppnå genom förbättring av byggnadernas klimatskal, det vill säga tak, väggar, golv, fönster och dörrar, utan att förvanska byggnadernas utseende och samtidigt bevara deras kulturhistoriska värden. Arbetet bestod av en förstudie där tre byggnader identifierades, ett undersökningsskede där information om byggnaderna togs fram och ett slutsatsskede där energibesparande åtgärdsförslag togs fram och utvärderades. Byggnader som var goda representanter för sin tid och stil söktes. Byggnader från 1910-talet, 1930-talet och 1970-talet, lokaliserades. Sedan gjordes det fallstudier med intervjuer och inventeringar. För att utreda byggnadens klimatskal utfördes u-värdesberäkningar och energiberäkningar av befintliga byggander och byggnader baserade på föreslagna åtgärdsförslag. Ingen av byggnaderna nådde efter föreslagna åtgärder ner till passivhuskravet 59 kWh/år/m2 Atemp eller BBR-kravet 110 kWh/år/m2 Atemp för en byggnads specifika energianvändning. Den största möjliga energieffektivisering för de tre byggnaderna uppförda under 1900-talet, som är möjlig att uppnå utan att förvanska byggnadernas utseende och samtidigt bevara deras kulturhistoriska värden är 13,0 kWh/år/m2 Atemp, 49,7 kWh/år/m2 Atemp respektive 64,8 kWh/år/m2 Atemp. Slutsatser från arbetet är att byggnader från 1910-tal kan åtgärdas genom att isolera fönstren, sätta dit en extra dörr på insidan av ytterdörren samt tilläggsisolera snedtaket. Byggnader från 1930-tal kan åtgärdas genom att isolera fönstren med en isolerruta på insidan av fönstret och dörrarna med en extra dörr på insidan av ytterdörren. Byggnader från 1970-tal kan åtgärda fönstren genom att byta ut dem till energifönster, ingen åtgärd för golvet men fasaden isoleras utvändigt med vakuumisolering. Byggnaden från 1970-talet klarade sig bäst i jämförelsen eftersom den var i autentiskt skick från början vilket gjorde att förbättringen blev större än för till exempel byggnaden från 1910-talet som redan var ombyggd innan åtgärder föreslogs. / Increasingly stringent legal requirements make it difficult to energy efficiency in existing buildings without changing their appearance. The purpose of the study is to investigate how much energy, for three existing single-family homes built in the 1900s, which is achievable by improving the building envelope, ie, ceilings, walls, floors, windows and doors, without distorting the building's appearance and while maintaining their cultural values. The work consisted of a pilot study where three buildings were identified, a research stage where information about the buildings were developed and an inference stage where energy saving measures proposed were developed and evaluated. Buildings that were good representatives of their time and style sought. Buildings from the 1910s, 1930s and 1970s, was located. Since it was done case studies, interviews and surveys. To investigate the building envelope was conducted U-value calculations and energy calculations of the existing building commitment and buildings based on the proposed policy proposals. None of the buildings reached after the proposed action down to the passive house requirement 59 kWh/year/m2 Atemp or BBR requirement 110 kWh/year/m2 Atemp for a building-specific energy consumption. The maximum possible energy efficiency for the three buildings erected during the 1900s, which is achievable without corrupting the buildings' appearance while preserving their cultural values is 13.0 kWh/year/m2 Atemp, 49.7 kWh/year/m2 Atemp respectively 64.8 kWh/year/m2 Atemp. Conclusions of the work is that buildings from the 1910's can be addressed by isolating the windows, put one extra door on the inside of the front door and additional insulation in sloping roof. Buildings from the 1930s can be addressed by isolating windows with insulating glass on the inside of the windows and doors with an extra door on the inside of the front door. Buildings from the 1970s can fix the windows by changing them into energy windows, no action on the floor but the facade insulated externally with vacuum insulation. The building from the 1970s fared best in the comparison because it was the authentic condition from the beginning, which meant that the improvement was greater than for example the building from the 1910s that was already rebuilt before action was proposed.

This thesis deals with the image of the Vikings. I wish to investigate how this image came to being during the 19th and early 20th century and give examples of how the Viking age was approached archaeologically during this time period. In addition to this, I discuss the image of the Vikings in relation to concepts such as nationalism, Scandinavian identity and how we use history. The aim is to contribute to the discourse about ideology in relation to history. I wish to raise awareness about how we use history and how our evaluation of the past, in this case the Viking age, affects our perception of the past and the present. I have chosen three archaeological sites in order to exemplify how archaeologists have approached the Viking age, and how archaeology can be linked to ideology. These sites are Old Uppsala and Birka in Sweden, and Hedeby in present-day Germany. In addition to this, I also discuss what role the Viking age played in the 19th century world of ideas. I read and analyse publications on the topic from different time periods and contexts. The theories used are those of Stefan Bohman, Benedict Anderson and Lise Nordenborg Myhre on nationalism and its symbolism. The discussion is also based on Evert Baudou’s theories on archaeological interpretations, as well as the theoretical framework characteristic of the 19th century, culture-historical archaeology. The Viking age played an important part in shaping a Scandinavian identity, particularly in Sweden. The loss of Finland to Russia in 1809 created a need of a new identity. In the wake of this, as well as deepened relations to Norwegians and Danes, a new ideology called scandinavism was formed with the Viking age at centre. Later, the Iron Age was of significance when the German Nazi regime needed to legitimise their policies and ideology. The excavations at Hedeby mirror the Nazi ideology, but the Swedish sites have also proven to have connections to nationalism, both at the time of excavation but also in the form of interpretation. I base my analysis on the phenomena explanation, consolidation and rejection in order to establish how the past can be used in defining the present in relation to the past. I discuss how the past is used to define the present, ourselves and our society and how it is can be used in a nationalistic setting.

The theme of the thesis „Retriveal of the historici centre and surrounding of the Kyjov city“ deals with current condition of the Kyjov. It processes problematic area sof city, such as existing buildings, transportation, greenery, living spaces, new waterfront, House of culture pre-space, middle of the Masaryk Square, etc. It looking for answers to long standing questions: How to deal with the long-term dechne of the population? Where to find new spaces for living? How should Kyjov develop in future? How to make city an attractive place for new Citizen and investors? Answer for all these questions is urban study which is focused on named areas, including selected part of historical center.

Syftet med undersökningen har varit att tydliggöra kunskapskvaliteter i yrkeskunnandet som har betydelse vid bedömning av karaktärsämnen för både lärare och elever. Undersökningsmetoderna har bestått av intervjuer med lärare och elever, elevenkäter och gymnasieskolans styrdokument. Det övergripande perspektivet har varit kulturhistoriskt med vars hjälp kunskapskvaliteter i yrkeskunnandet relateras till begrepp som yrkeskultur, yrkespraxis och yrkeskunskap. Resultatet kategoriseras till åtta nyckelkvalifikationer och specifika yrkeskunskaper. Nyckelkvalifikationerna som lärarna anger vara viktiga vid bedömning är: självständighet, samarbete, kommunikation, problemlösnings-förmåga,analysförmåga, planeringsförmåga, kundkontakt och utveckling. Huvudresultatet visar att det är dessa nyckelkvalifikationer som ger mervärde för eleven i form av ett högre betyg. Det är framförallt den rådande yrkeskulturen, där självständighet och samarbetsförmåga ingår, som lyfts fram som betydelsefull vid bedömningen. Vidare spelar yrkeskunskapen, där elevens problemlösningsförmåga ingår, en avgörande roll i lärarens bedömning. Elevernas beskrivning av vad de själva tror har betydelse vid bedömning i karaktärsämnen visar att de inte har uppfattat att t.ex. analys- och problemlösningsförmåga är av vikt. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att eleverna och lärarna behöver föra en dialog om grunderna i bedömningen av karaktärsämnen. Bedömning av prestationer i skolan förutsätter en dialog mellan lärare och elever om bedömningsgrunderna. Yrkesspecifika kunskaper, de grundläggande kunskaperna som behövs för ett godkänt betyg, tydliggörs väl av lärarna i studien och beskrivs med hjälp av dess egenskaper i studien.