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Broadening Horizons : The FMECA-NETEP model, offshore wind farms and the permit application processOhlson, John January 2013 (has links)
Abstract The permit application process for offshore wind farms (OWF) in Sweden conceivably requires a comprehensive and transparent complement within risk management. The NETEP framework (covering risks concerning navigation, economics, technology, environment and politics), based on a futures planning mechanism (STEEP) has consequently been brought forward as a structure for the application of FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) methodology to the permit application process of the Swedish offshore wind farm sector. FMECA, originating from the aeronautical and automobile industries, presents a systematic method for the prediction of future failure in a product, part or process, to evaluate the consequences of that failure and to suggest possible measures for its mitigation or eradication. Its application to attitude and acceptance, safety and environmental effect remains, however, limited which creates the research gap for this thesis. Three Swedish offshore wind farm (OWF) projects in the Baltic Sea area (Lillgrund, Taggen and Trolleboda) were put forward as case studies for use in the evaluation of the proposed FMECA-NETEP methodology, which was approached in two stages. The first evaluation stage results showed that the model accommodates the precautionary principle, the consideration of stakeholder viewpoints, the mitigation of negative effects, the analysis of alternative sites, the observation of relevant legislation and the utilisation of contemporary research. In the subsequent stage of evaluation, the factor for incorporation into the adapted model was intra- and inter-sector cumulative impact. Results showed that positive cumulative impact cannot be illustrated by the model whereas neutral and negative cumulative impact can. The model’s added value is that it facilitates decision making by providing a rigorous, transparent and structured methodology, the holistic approach of which provides a sound basis for the incorporation of contemporary research.
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Samlade störningskrav i entreprenadtvister / Global claims in construction disputesSvensson, Egil January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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AnÃlise dos impactos ambientais no mÃdio e baixo Jaguaribe a partir da memÃria histÃrica da ocupaÃÃo humana e registros geolÃgicos / Analysis of environmental impacts in the medium and low Jaguaribe from the historic memory of the human occupation and geological recordsAna FlÃvia Pantalena 14 November 2012 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O rio Jaguaribe està localizado na regiÃo Leste do Estado do Cearà e representa a maior e mais relevante reserva hÃdrica cearense. Juntamente com seus tributÃrios mais importantes, os rios Banabuià e Salgado, formam as bacias do Alto, MÃdio e Baixo Jaguaribe. A Ãrea abrangida por sua bacia hidrogrÃfica compreende aproximadamente 80.000 km2, praticamente a metade da Ãrea do Estado. Apesar da
irregularidade hÃdrica fluvial cearense, o rio Jaguaribe teve um papel de destaque na ocupaÃÃo e no desenvolvimento econÃmico do Estado. A partir de uma abordagem histÃrica, desde o inÃcio de sua colonizaÃÃo, no sÃculo XVII atà os dias de hoje, em conjunto com os elementos naturais, associada aos diversos usos e Ãs vÃrias atividades econÃmicas desenvolvidas na Ãrea, buscou-se apresentar e analisar os diversos impactos decorrentes dessa ocupaÃÃo na bacia do mÃdio e baixo
Jaguaribe, inclusive em face do Projeto do Novo CÃdigo Florestal aprovado pelo Senado em dezembro de 2011, bem com a importÃncia da avaliaÃÃo dos impactos ambientais de maneira mais integrada e sistÃmica, levando-se em consideraÃÃo os eventuais impactos ambientais residuais e/ou cumulativos gerados isoladamente ou pela somatÃria das atividades desenvolvidas na regiÃo, a fim de prevalecer o uso racional e sustentÃvel do meio ambiente para as futuras geraÃÃes. A presente pesquisa possui caracterÃsticas exclusivamente qualitativa, tendo como procedimentos tÃcnicos, as pesquisas bibliogrÃfica e documental, e quanto à coleta de dados, a observaÃÃo simples, entrevistas, e levantamento fotogrÃfico. Como referencial teÃrico, dentre as inÃmeras obras utilizadas, destacam-se: GirÃo, R. (1985, 1986 e 2000), Studart, B.D. (1896, 1898) e ThebÃrge (1895, 1973). No que se
refere à conclusÃo desse processo de investigaÃÃo cientÃfica, pode-se considerar que, historicamente, a ocupaÃÃo das margens do rio Jaguaribe ocorreu levando em consideraÃÃo tÃo somente os interesses antrÃpicos. / The Jaguaribe river is located in the East region of the Cearà State and represents the greater and more relevant hydric reserve of the State. Together with its more
important tributaries, the Banabuià and Salgado rivers, form the basins of the High, Medium and Low Jaguaribe. The enclosed area for its hydrographic basin comprehends approximately 80,000 km2, practically the half of the area of the State. Although the hydric irregularity of the rivers in CearÃ, the Jaguaribe river had an important role in the occupation and economic development of the State. From a historical approach, since the beginning of its colonization in the seventeenth century to the present day, together with the natural elements, linked to the various uses and the various economic activities in the area, sought to present and analyze the various impacts of this occupation in the Middle and Lower basin Jaguaribe, also in face of the Project of the New Forestry Code approved by the Senate in December of 2011, this research presents the importance of the evaluation of the environmental impacts
in a integrated and systematic way, taking in consideration the eventual residual and/or cumulative environmental impacts generated separately or for the addition of all the activities developed in the region, in order to prevail the rational and sustainable use of the environment for the future generations. This research has exclusively qualitative characteristics, with the technical procedures, literature and documentary research, and the data collection, the simple observation, interviews, and photographic survey. As theoretical framework, among the numerous works used are: GirÃo, R. (1985, 1986 and 2000), Studart B.D. (1896, 1898) and Theberge (1895, 1973). Regarding the conclusion of this process of scientific research, one can consider that, historically, the occupation of the Jaguaribe river was taking into account the interests solely anthropogenic.
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[pt] CUMULATIVIDADE E SINERGIA: UMA ABORDAGEM ESPACIAL INTEGRADA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NA BAÍA DE SEPETIBA, RJ / [en] CUMULATIVITY AND SYNERGISM: AN INTEGRATE SPACIAL APPROACH TO SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN SEPETIBA BAY, RJANDRESSA DE OLIVEIRA SPATA 25 October 2021 (has links)
[pt] A Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos (AIC) ainda é um instrumento pouco
difundido no Brasil, apesar de a identificação de processos de cumulatividade e
sinergia ser uma exigência do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA)
no escopo dos Estudos de Impacto para fins de licenciamento ambiental. Em partes,
isso se deve a dificuldades técnicas e metodológicas e, em partes, à
indisponibilidade de informações públicas que permitam tal análise. No Brasil,
verifica-se a ausência de metodologias consolidadas que possibilitem uma análise
efetiva dos impactos socioambientais cumulativos e sinérgicos, diferentemente de
outros países como Estados Unidos, Canadá e os pertencentes à União Europeia,
considerados referência no tema. A partir da análise de tais metodologias, observase
que não somente a AIC pode servir ao processo de licenciamento, como também
pode ser adotada de forma complementar e integrada a outros instrumentos para
fins de planejamento, ordenamento e gestão territorial, como o Zonemanento
Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE), desde que lançada luz sobre as dificuldades, entraves
e as responsabilidades para a efetivação desses dois instrumentos, em separado, e
de forma conjunta. A adoção dessa abordagem mostra-se como uma alternativa à
gestão e ao planejamento socioambiental da Baía de Sepetiba, que desde a década
de 1970 passa por um processo de degradação socioambiental severo, agravado a
partir de 2000, pela ampliação do Polo Industrial de Sepetiba, destacando-se a
instalação e a operação de três empreendimentos emblemáticos: a Companhia
Siderúrgica do Atlântico (CSA), Porto Sudeste e o Complexo Naval de Itaguaí. / [en] Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) is not disseminated in Brazil, although
Environmental National Counsel (CONAMA) requires cumulativity and
synergistic processes to be identified in the scope of Environmental Impact
Assessment due to environmental permitting processes. Part of it is caused by
methodological and technical issues, and part is caused because of public
information gaps. In Brazil there are no consolidated methodologies to identify and
analize social and environmental impacts caused by cumulative and synergistic
processes, unlike United States, Canada and European Union which are considered
benchmarks concerning CIA. Once analyzed, these methodologies show that not
only CIA may be used as part of the environmental permitting process in Brazil,
but also may be integrated to other planning, ordering and management territorial
tools, such as the Ecological and Economic Zoning, since considering the
chalenges, dificulties and responsabilities concerning the separated or combined
adoption of these two instruments. This approach may be considered as an
alternative to social and environmental management and planning concerning
Sepetiba Bay, where, since the 1970 s there is a severe social and enviromental
degradation process in course, intensified by the 2000 s because of the expansion
of the Sepetiba’s Industrial Center, where three enterprises may be highlighted:
Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico (CSA), o Porto Sudeste and Complexo Naval
de Itaguaí.
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Gevaarlike afval in huishoudelike afval : 'n gevallestudie / Rianca KruisKruis, Rianca January 2010 (has links)
Rapid population growth and urbanisation has resulted in a drastic increase in the
volume of waste produced by the World populace. The resulting pressure on the
country’s somewhat underdeveloped waste management infrastructure emphasizes the
need for waste management solutions which balance environmental protection with
economic sustainability.
Waste is seen as an unwanted or surplus by-product, emission or residue of any
process or activity which has been discarded, accumulated or stored for the purpose of
discarding or future processing. Hazardous waste is waste that may, by circumstance
of use, quantity, concentration or inherent physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics, cause ill-health or an increased mortality rate in humans, fauna and/or
flora. General waste on the other hand, is waste that does not pose an immediate
threat to human health or the environment. Currently household waste is considered
general waste even though it may contain hazardous components such as fluorescent
tubes and/or other household chemicals.
Promulgation of NEM: WA (no 59 of 2008) provides instruments for the implementation
of the steps taken by the Department of Environmental Affairs to improve waste
management in South Africa. Successful implementation and enforcement of the act
will place the country at the forefront of progressive international standards in waste
management. One of South Africa’s largest environmental and waste management
challenges remains the presence of historical, hazardous waste landfill sites.
Characterisation of the dangers that these sites pose to the environment is providing
extremely difficult and expensive, as is the ongoing maintenance and management of
these facilities – placing economic strain on national municipalities.
This study was done in two phases. The first related to the hazardous waste
components of household waste that is being dumped at landfill site and the methods of
classification, handling and dumping of hazardous waste have been investigated. All
the legislation was taken into consideration to see if the landfill sites comply with the
latest legislation. The second phase was a comparison between three landfill sites.
The management, work activities and general appearance of the sites have been
compared internally. Then a comparison have been done between the following landfill sites Kwaggasrand
landfill site in Tshwane, Weltevreden landfill site in Brakpan and an ideal landfill site
developed in accordance with the Minimum Requirements documents published by of
DEAT in 1998. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Gevaarlike afval in huishoudelike afval : 'n gevallestudie / Rianca KruisKruis, Rianca January 2010 (has links)
Rapid population growth and urbanisation has resulted in a drastic increase in the
volume of waste produced by the World populace. The resulting pressure on the
country’s somewhat underdeveloped waste management infrastructure emphasizes the
need for waste management solutions which balance environmental protection with
economic sustainability.
Waste is seen as an unwanted or surplus by-product, emission or residue of any
process or activity which has been discarded, accumulated or stored for the purpose of
discarding or future processing. Hazardous waste is waste that may, by circumstance
of use, quantity, concentration or inherent physical, chemical or infectious
characteristics, cause ill-health or an increased mortality rate in humans, fauna and/or
flora. General waste on the other hand, is waste that does not pose an immediate
threat to human health or the environment. Currently household waste is considered
general waste even though it may contain hazardous components such as fluorescent
tubes and/or other household chemicals.
Promulgation of NEM: WA (no 59 of 2008) provides instruments for the implementation
of the steps taken by the Department of Environmental Affairs to improve waste
management in South Africa. Successful implementation and enforcement of the act
will place the country at the forefront of progressive international standards in waste
management. One of South Africa’s largest environmental and waste management
challenges remains the presence of historical, hazardous waste landfill sites.
Characterisation of the dangers that these sites pose to the environment is providing
extremely difficult and expensive, as is the ongoing maintenance and management of
these facilities – placing economic strain on national municipalities.
This study was done in two phases. The first related to the hazardous waste
components of household waste that is being dumped at landfill site and the methods of
classification, handling and dumping of hazardous waste have been investigated. All
the legislation was taken into consideration to see if the landfill sites comply with the
latest legislation. The second phase was a comparison between three landfill sites.
The management, work activities and general appearance of the sites have been
compared internally. Then a comparison have been done between the following landfill sites Kwaggasrand
landfill site in Tshwane, Weltevreden landfill site in Brakpan and an ideal landfill site
developed in accordance with the Minimum Requirements documents published by of
DEAT in 1998. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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