The purpose of this study is to examine how FIFA and Amnesty portray the football World Cup in Qatar 2022 differently on their respective Twitter accounts. For context, the topic regarding Qatar being granted to host the World Cup has been a heated discussion ever since its inception in 2010 when FIFA officially announced it for the first time. Common arguments against the decision were usually about Qatar not having any prior record of a “football culture” as well as there being accusations of them buying their way into becoming a host nation. Qatar later also came under fire after sources showed evidence that the country imposed “slave-like” conditions on migrant workers building their cities and football arenas, with reports estimating 6,500 migrant worker deaths in the country since 2010. Knowing this information surrounding the World Cup 2022, this study aims to quantitatively analyse the differences in content and framings published on Twitter by FIFA, the organization running the event, and Amnesty, a non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Framing theory and agenda-setting theory were used as tools to examine 150 tweets under the time period spanning from December 2, 2010 to November 20, 2022. The findings of the analysis show dominatingly negative tweets from Amnesty regarding the World Cup, whereas FIFA have remained neutral but mostly positive. The results of the analysis also show signs of sportswashing being a contributing factor in the different framings of the World Cup between the accounts.

The 2022 FIFA World Cup for men's football has received massive criticism since it was announced in December 2010 that Qatar would host it. With a significant history of human rights violations, many were shocked that Qatar was elected. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and media reported on the ongoing abuses in the country and warned about the consequences of Qatar hosting the World Cup. Therefore, this thesis will examine these consequences and how preparations for the World Cup affect human rights in Qatar – specifically migrant workers' rights. The focus will be on Qatar, companies working with the World Cup, and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), addressing and analyzing their responsibilities and obligations. The thesis is a descriptive analysis discussing how migrant workers' rights were violated and neglected. It is also a normative analysis that will analyze what should and could have been done to prevent it. Both Qatar's legal system and the regulation of international standards for human rights and business will be analyzed in the text. This thesis will shed light on the football world and its relation to human rights, as well as who bears the primary responsibility to ensure human rights in the preparation and execution of the World Cup. It will discuss how football and human rights affect each other, aiming to show that football organizations influence societies and social structures. Football is not only a sport but a tool that can either improve or worsen people's availability to human rights. This thesis is based on two different theories: A Marxist perspective on conflict theory and Corporate Social responsibility theory. To answer the research questions through these theories, this thesis has used a qualitative data analysis method to analyze different reports and documents from NGOs, Qatar, FIFA, and the United Nations. The thesis concludes with a summary highlighting FIFA as the prime duty bearer during the preparation and delivery of the World Cup, as well as acknowledging that Qatar, FIFA, and companies' lack of improvement and monitoring contributes to the enforcement of modern slavery/forced labor.

Both Qatar and FIFA have been heavily criticised for the bribes and corruption resulting in Qatar obtaining the FIFA World Cup 2022. Over 6500 migrant workers in Qatar are said to have lost their lives during the construction of new arenas, and the media is an essential part for this being acknowledged. This essay examines and identifies the discourses that are dominating the articles written in the awakening of FIFAs World Cup in Qatar 2022. This will be done through studying the portrayal of Qatar in Dagens Nyheter, the Guardian and Gulf Times. The articles are studied through a narrative analysis method with support from agenda setting, framing and gatekeeping theories. The results show that western media portrays Qatar as unworthy of the world cup, while Qatari media ensures that the country will create the greatest world cup in history. The results suggest that Qatar is guilty of sportswashing through their government-controlled media.

As Brazil develops into the first South American world power many changes in its society, economy and political system are necessary for a successful transformation. Nevertheless this is no easy task as the country battles corruption, vast inequality and a severe problem with freedom of information within the media. For decades the Brazilian mainstream media has been controlled by elite political forces together with elite families influencing and controlling many factors that are responsible for social, economic and political development. As new developments and implementations in the last fifteen years have been ongoing within Brazil, such as welfare programs, social reforms, hosting of international sporting events and the emergence and popularity of social networking technology, millions within the Brazilian Nation have been able to ascend out of poverty and into a new era of diversity of information, political participation and greater awareness of the problems within their own society. The time has finally come of when the Brazilian people have the ability to react and mobilize against the forces and factors that for decades have perpetuated several unfavorable conditions within Brazil.

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Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has been granted a unique opportunity in being nominated as the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup, and one of the first developing nations to host a global mega sporting event. The successful hosting of this event could provide the country with a global platform to promote the richness, diversity, and vast economic opportunities to the world stage. Economic development and significant global events taking place in South Africa may further contribute to leadership in the continent, and bring increased business and consumer confidence into prominence, as well as increase the leverage of private capital. The South African business and investment environment is in transition from a primary focus on construction, mining, manufacturing in the automotive, timber and steel sectors, to a knowledge economy focusing on sector development of skills training, education , IT and teleccmmunications, and property development. Infrastructure capacity, service delivery and skills shortages and the high rate of structural unemployment impose significant supply-side constraints with regard to the impact on the rate of real GDP growth and how growth is translated into employment opportunities and socio-economic development for the Western Cape and South Africa. Cape Town's position as co-host to selected events in 2009 and 2010 provides the critical window of opportunity to expand infrastructure investment to ensure a truly global destination of choice for investors and tourists. This event offers Cape Town the opportunity to ensure sustainable legacies, especially in terms of transport systems, the creation of a green lung in the midst of the city, improved service delivery and a world class multi purpose facility. All these contribute to the accelerated and shared economic growth of the City of Cape Town and the Province of the Western Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se nominasie as die eerste land in Afrika om as gasheer vir die FIFA Wereldbeker 2010 op te tree, is 'n unieke geleentheid. Suid-Afrika is ook een van die eerste ontwikkelende lande wat toegewys is om hierdie sport geleentheid aan te bied. Die suksesvolle aanbieding van hierdie geleentheid, kan Suid-Afrika die geleentheid bied om die unieke diversiteite en ryke ekonomiese geleenthede van die land aan die wereld ten toon te stel. Ekonomiese ontwikkeling en hierdie besondere gebeurtenis in Suid-Afrika, mag verder bydra tot die bevordering van leierskap op die kontinent en 'n verhoogde vlak van sake- en verbruikersvertroue wat die verhoging van privaat kapitaalbesteding kan aanmoedig. Die Suid-Afrikaanse sake en investeringsomgewing is in transformasie vanaf 'n primere fokus op konstruksie, myne, en die vervaardigingsbedryf, veral die motor, hout en staal sektore, na 'n kennis gedrewe ekonomie met 'n klemverskuiwing na ontwikkeling binne die sektore, van vaardigheidsopleiding. informasie tegnologie, telekommunikasie en eiendomsontwikkeling. 'n Tekort aan voldoende infrastruktuur-en dienslewering kapasiteit, 'n tekort aan vaardighede, sowel as die hoe koers van strukturele werkloosheid, veroorsaak beperkinge met betrekking tot die impak op die greei van die Bruto Binnelandse Preduk, en hoe hierdie greei snel omgeskakel kan word in werksgeleenthede en sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir die Wes-Kaap en Suid-Afrika. Kaapstad se gedeelde posisie as gasheer van spesifieke geleenthede in 2009 en 2010, verskaf die geleentheid om deur middel van die uitbreiding van infrastruktuur investering te verseker dat investeerders en toeriste, Kaapslad as 'n volwaardige globale bestemming beskou. Hierdie gebeurtenis bied ook aan Kaapstad die geleentheid om op 'n volhoubare ontwikkelingswyse 'n besondere nalatenskap te verseker, veral met betrekking tot die vervoerstelsel, die skepping van 'n green long in die middestad, verskerpte dienslewering en 'n wereldklas veeldoelige fasiliteit, wat in totaal bydra tot die versnelde en gedeelde ekonomiese greei van die Stad Kaapstad en die Provinsie Wes-Kaap.

Title: Management of the McDonald's Cup 2015 final tournament Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed analysis of the management of the McDonald's Cup 2015 final tournament known as the Festival of Football, to present its strengths, weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats and then, based on previous analyses, to create a list of suggestions and recommendations leading to the elimination of the weaknesses and threats and thus to development, increase of the popularity and to improvement of the hosting the McDonald's Cup in the next years. Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of this thesis, within the case study methods of participating observation, informal in-depth interview, document analysis and SWOT analysis were used. Results: The thesis describes in detail the whole process of organizing the mentioned youth sports event from the preparatory phase through the planning phase and implementation to completion and evaluation. The case study revealed deficiencies of the event especially in the area of financial security, promotion and in the event program. On this basis, a series of suggestions and recommendations leading to the elimination of these deficiencies and to further development of the project in the next years. These results are partially...

The thesis analyzes the media presentation of male and female biathletes in the Czech media, specifically in two newspapers and their online versions. The research focuses on three major biathlon events (Olympic Games, World Cup in Nové Město na Moravě and World Championships), which took place between the years 2014 and 2015. The theoretical part briefly defines terms as sports in the media, gender, process of representation, stereotyping or history and the present of biathlon. The most important chapters in gender studies are feminist studies and their criticism, unwritten rules of gender stereotyping or men and masculinity. This paper also pays attention to chosen methodology - qualitative research and framing analysis. The analytic part of the thesis describes particular frames, which appear in analysed articles. This work is also based on the analysis of visual part of media - photographs. Individual chapters also map dominant frames - sport-reportage frame, frame of heroism, frame of humanity, frame of privacy, and frames of femininity and masculinity. For the purpose of the thesis, the signs, which are attributed to male and female athletes, are assessed too. At the end of the thesis, the author evaluates the conclusions from the research and also adds information about the media...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-26T12:33:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo da Silva Paiva.pdf: 3674625 bytes, checksum: ba1a5b70a82ed782636e73b452a7d480 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T12:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo da Silva Paiva.pdf: 3674625 bytes, checksum: ba1a5b70a82ed782636e73b452a7d480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In Brazil, the public policies of sports and leisure have been targeted, since the realization of the Pan American Games of 2007, by the explicit goal of designing internationally the country in political and economic areas. The country hosted, in the range of a decade, the biggest sporting events of the Earth: Military games (2011), Confederations Cup (2013), F.I.F.A. World Cup (2014), America’s Cup (2015) and Olympic Games (2016). The argument adopted by the managers of the different sublevels of government, explained in application documents of the Ministry of Sports, to legitimize the assumption of an agenda too committed to sports, was that the social legacy of sporting mega events would a modernization of infrastructure, upgrading of services, social mobilization, economic decentralization, stimulation to the many forms of innovation, commitment to the environment and sustainability, improvement of transparency in public management and dissemination of sports. Taking this last aspect as main reference, the objective of this study is to verify whether, and to what extent, the twelve host cities in Brazil that received the F.I.F.A. World Cup planned programs of democratization as the legacy sports mega event. For the study, were collected, analyzed and discussed the data gathered between 2012-2016 in a national project, World Cup cities, of note, proposing and monitoring of documents prepared for the legacy of the World Cup, from carrying out a program led by a sports institution of the third-sector, financed with public money and made possible through tax waiver for the private sector, through the law of Incentive to the sport. Meetings were held with all the sports Secretaries of host cities and other sectors of society. Compare arrays of responsibilities and the legacy plans produced in Cities. The detailed analysis of a set of indicators agreed by public managers, of the host cities, related to the sporting legacy, namely, investment in infrastructure, professional training for the universalization of access to sports, resizing of policies to encourage the social sport to the detriment of the elite sport and performance and development of programs of universalizing access to sport in the school environment, showed that no host city of FIFA World Cup designed any effective actions for the sporting legacy. The Developed action plans did not guarantee the representation of diverse interests of leather sports actors of each locale. Sports managers in multiple sublevels of Government have shown little or no commitment to the sporting legacy. The elaborate plans even became part of the political agenda of sports of host cities. The World Cup Cities Project, with obsolete results, could never have been accomplished and, If the investments that consumed were directed to the direct care of children and young people in long-term sports programs would decrease the contradiction as fallacious speech sporting legacy of the mega event and the implementation of public policies for universalization of access to sports / No Brasil, as políticas públicas de esportes e lazer tem sido orientadas, desde a realização dos jogos Pan-americanos de 2007, pelo objetivo explícito de projetar internacionalmente o país, nos âmbitos, político e econômico. O país sediou, no intervalo alargado de uma década os maiores eventos esportivos da terra: Jogos Militares (2011), Copa das Confederações (2013), Copa Do Mundo F.I.F.A. de futebol (2014), Copa América (2015) e Jogos Olímpicos (2016). O argumento adotado pelos gestores, dos diferentes subníveis de governo, explicitado nos documentos de candidatura do Ministério dos Esportes, para legitimar a assunção de uma agenda demasiadamente comprometida com esportes era a de que o legado social dos megaeventos esportivos possibilitaria uma modernização da infraestrutura, requalificação dos serviços, mobilização social, descentralização econômica, estímulo às múltiplas formas de inovação, compromisso com o meio-ambiente e sustentabilidade, aprimoramento da transparência na gestão pública e disseminação da prática esportiva. Tomando este último aspecto como principal referência, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se, e em que medida, as doze cidades-sede brasileiras que receberam a Copa do Mundo de Futebol F.I.F.A. planejaram programas de democratização esportiva como legado do megaevento. Para a realização do estudo, foram coletados, analisados e discutidos os dados reunidos entre os anos de 2012-2016 em um projeto nacional, Cidades da Copa, de observação, proposição e monitoramento de documentos elaborados para o legado da copa, a partir da realização de um programa capitaneado por uma instituição esportiva do terceiro-setor, financiado com dinheiro público e viabilizado por meio de renúncia fiscal do setor privado, através da Lei de Incentivo ao Esporte. Realizaram-se encontros com todos os secretários de esportes das cidades-sede e demais setores da sociedade. Comparam-se as matrizes de responsabilidades e os planos de legado produzidos no Cidades da Copa. A análise pormenorizada de um conjunto de indicadores acordados pelos gestores públicos, das cidades-sede, relacionados ao legado esportivo, quais sejam, investimentos em infraestrutura, qualificação profissional para a universalização do acesso ao esporte, redimensionamento de políticas de incentivo ao esporte social em detrimento do esporte elitizado e de rendimento, desenvolvimento de programas de universalização do acesso ao esporte no ambiente escolar, demonstrou que nenhuma cidade-sede da Copa do Mundo prospectou quaisquer ações efetivas para o legado esportivo. Os planos de ação desenvolvidos não garantiam a representatividade do cabedal diversificado de interesse dos atores esportivos de cada localidade. Os gestores do esporte nos múltiplos subníveis de governo demonstraram pouco ou nenhum comprometimento com o legado esportivo. Os planos elaborados sequer passaram a fazer parte da agenda política de esportes das cidades-sede. O Projeto Cidades da Copa, com resultados obsoletos, poderia nunca ter sido realizado e se os investimentos que consumiu fossem direcionados ao atendimento direto de crianças e jovens em programas esportivos de longo prazo diminuiria a contradição quanto ao discurso falacioso de legado esportivo do megaevento e a efetivação de políticas públicas de universalização de acesso ao esporte