La description lexicographique de l'ancien occitan d'une région de taille restreinte - le Mauriacois et le Sanflorain en Haute Auvergne palatalisante - et d'une période limitée - 1340-1540 - a été réalisée à partir de l'analyse et du traitement exhaustif de la documentation manuscrite originale disponible pour cette région et cette période. Le matériel lexical recueilli est présenté sous forme d'un dictionnaire sémasiologique alphabétique dont la nomenclature comporte 7.000 entrées et 12.000 définitions environ. Les principes actuels de la lexicographie sont appliqués à ce matériel : description du sens sous forme de définitions, hiérarchisation arborescente des acceptions, attention soutenue aux lexies complexes et à la syntagmatique, citation de très larges contextes. Les champs lexicaux du droit, du commerce, de la guerre et des métiers - maçonnerie, menuiserie-charpenterie, horlogerie - sont particulièrement bien représentés. Cette étude fournit de nombreuses données inconnues des ouvrages de référence, une importante masse de textes édités de façon rigoureuse et une méthodologie applicable aux autres régions d'oc. / This thesis consists of a lexicographical description of Old Occitan as attested in the region of Haute Auvergne characterised by consonantal palatalisation. This region is of restricted size - the area around Saint-Flour and Mauriac. The period covered is closely circumscribed - 1340-1540. The description is based on an analysis of the original handwritten documents available for this region and period. The lexical material is presented in the form of a semasiological alphabetical dictionary with a nomenclature of about 7,000 entries and 12,000 definitions. The most up-to-date principles of lexicography are applied : descriptions of meaning occur as definitions and as hierarchical trees of senses; particular attention is paid to complex lexical items and to syntagmatic relations, with the citation of large sections of the contexts surrounding each words. The lexical fields of law, commerce, warfare and trades - masonry, carpentry, clock-making - are particularly well represented. This study provides a good deal of data not figuring in current reference works, it includes a large quantity of carefully edited texts and follows a lexicographical methodology applicable to other Occitan regions.

Real-world automated reasoning systems, based on classical logic, face logically inconsistent information, and they must cope with it. It is onerous to develop such systems because classical logic is explosive. Recently, progress has been made towards semantics that deal with logical inconsistency. However, such semantics was never analyzed in the aspect of inconsistency tolerant relational model. In our research work, we use an inconsistency and incompleteness tolerant relational model called "Paraconsistent Relational Model." The paraconsistent relational model is an extension of the ordinary relational model that can store, not only positive information but also negative information. Therefore, a piece of information in the paraconsistent relational model has four truth values: true, false, both, and unknown. However, the paraconsistent relational model cannot represent disjunctive information (disjunctive tuples). We then introduce an extended paraconsistent relational model called disjunctive paraconsistent relational model. By using both the models, we handle inconsistency - similar to the notion of quasi-classic logic or four-valued logic -- in deductive databases (logic programs with no functional symbols). In addition to handling inconsistencies in extended databases, we also apply inconsistent tolerant reasoning technique in semantic web knowledge bases. Specifically, we handle inconsistency assosciated with closed predicates in semantic web. We use again the paraconsistent approach to handle inconsistency. We further extend the same idea to description logic programs (combination of semantic web and logic programs) and introduce dl-relation to represent inconsistency associated with description logic programs.

蘇基朗. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1979. / Photocopy of manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-264). / Su Jilang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1979. / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 上编 --- 宋代泉州城狀況 --- p.13 / Chapter 第一章 --- 城廓建置考 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二章 --- 重要建築物位置考 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三章 --- 坊居之區劃 --- p.34 / Chapter 第四章 --- 河渠概述 --- p.51 / Chapter 第五章 --- 橋道概述 --- p.65 / Chapter 第六章 --- 外港之分佈 --- p.75 / Chapter 第七章 --- 泉州商業中心區之研究 --- p.85 / Chapter 下编 --- 宋代泉州內通浙贛粤驛道考　　　 --- p.130 / Chapter 第一章 --- 福泉漳沿海綫及其延長綫　 --- p.133 / Chapter 第二章 --- 泉延綫　　　　　　　　　 --- p.161 / Chapter 第三章 --- 延浙綫　　　　　　　　　 --- p.185 / Chapter 第四章 --- 延贛綫　　　　　　　　　 --- p.202 / Chapter 第五章 --- 泉汀入贛綫　　　　　　　 --- p.213 / Chapter 第六章 --- 泉州內陸交通驛程總述　　 --- p.223 / 參考書目 --- p.242 / 附´圖´ؤؤ萬曆泉州府泉郡總圖 / 乾隆晉江縣志晉江縣疆域圖 / 宋代泉州城坊示意圖 / 宋代泉州近郊示意圖 / 宋代泉州內陸交通圖

Orientador: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Solange Ferraz de Lima / Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita / Resumo: A presente pesquisa aborda o documento fotográfico no âmbito de sua descrição em arquivos e bibliotecas. Tem o objetivo de fazer uma possível comparação entre as normas AACR2, utilizadas para a descrição bibliográfica nas bibliotecas e a norma ISAD (G) que, por sua vez, é o conjunto de regras para que seja obtida a descrição arquivística. Para tanto, parte-se do conceito de documento, passando por seu papel nos arquivos e bibliotecas e transitando pela história da fotografia. Inicialmente o objeto é contextualizado para se passar à apresentação das regras do AACR2 e da ISAD (G), até a catalogação eletrônica que é possível através da utilização do formato MARC 21. Desse modo, são descritos alguns dos elementos que o documento fotográfico traz em sua composição e em seu suporte, pois é através de suas diversas características físicas que se encontram parte das peculiaridades que instigam inúmeras discussões a seu respeito. Diante da referida base teórica, uma análise panorâmica das regras expostas durante o trabalho é feita a partir dos modos de representação de cada uma: para a biblioteconomia, sua ficha que materializa o ato da descrição e disponibiliza o item no acervo e, para a arquivologia, seus instrumentos de pesquisa que, da mesma forma, oferecem aos usuários um quadro não só do material como de todo o contexto de seu acervo. Por fim, chega-se a uma aproximação de pontos nas duas normas que merecem atenção e aprofundamento por parte de pesquisadores e de profissionais que lidam com o documento fotográfico. Sob a luz dos princípios arquivísticos e da teoria do tratamento biblioteconômico, reflete-se sobre a descrição de forma geral e nesta quando aplicada a um documento que carrega particularidades e é alvo de debates que repercutem na sua disponibilização para os usuários e em seu estudo de forma geral. / Abstract: This work boards the photographic document in the scope of its description in archives and libraries. The objective is to make possible the comparison between the AACR2 rules, utilized for bibliographic description in libraries and the ISAD (G) norm, which are the rules to obtain an archivist description. Departing from document concept, passing by his function in archives and libraries and passing by photography history. This is the object context in a first moment, leading to the presentation of AACR2 rules and ISAD (G), until the electronic cataloguing which is possible by the use of MARC 21 format. This way, some elements of photographic document bring in its composition and support is described, because through his various physical characteristics we found part of the particularities that instigate countless discussions about it. In front of the referred theoric basis, a panoramic analysis of the present rules is made following the representation ways for each one: for the librarianship, its cards materialize the description act and make available the item in the collection and, to archival science, its tools of research which, in the same way, offer to the users a view not only of the material but his context in the collection. At last, is reached an approach of points in the two norms worthily attention and a profound study by researchers and professionals working the photographic document. Under archivist's principles and librarian treatment theory, there is a consideration about description in general form and its application in a document with peculiarities and when the document is target of discussions that reflect in availability to the users an its studies generally. / Mestre

L’objectif de cette thèse est de d’écrire l’évolution du produit dans les trois dimensions (spatiale, temporelle et spatio-temporelle). Dans le contexte industriel actuel, les modèles produit sont considérés uniquement du point de vue spatial pendant la phase de conception et du point de vue temporel pendant la phase d’assemblage. Le manque de lien entre le produit et le process mène à des incompréhensions de définition de produit et entraine de mauvaises interprétations en conception. Cependant, le produit ´évolue à travers le temps et subit des changements tout au long des phases de conception et d’assemblage. L’aspect dynamique des activités de conception nécessite de lier ces deux dimensions afin de pouvoir représenter l’évolution du produit et avoir une cohérence des informations. Par conséquent, la dimension spatio-temporelle (i.e. permettant de lier l’espace et le temps) a besoin d’être ajoutée et les relations entre la modélisation du produit et sa séquence d’assemblage ont besoin d’être particulièrement étudiées. Cette thèse en mécanique et conception s’est inspirée de divers domaines comme la gestion des connaissances, les systèmes d’information géographique et la philosophie. Ici le produit est considéré d’un point de vue perdurantiste. Le perdurantisme considère l’objet comme étant compose de tranches temporelles et gardant toujours la même identité quelque soit le changement subi. D’après les précédentes déclarations, cette thèse introduit une nouvelle description du couple produit-process afin d’assurer la compréhension des intentions de conception aux acteurs projet. Dans le but d’atteindre cet objectif, une théorie mereotopologique, permettant de d´écrire le produit comme perçu dans la réalité, et de développée et implémentée dans un modèle ontologique pour être formalisée. La théorie JANUS d´écrit qualitativement l’évolution du produit à travers le temps dans un contexte de conception orientée assemblage, permettant l’intégration de la séquence d’assemblage d`es le début du processus de conception. La théorie permet la description formelle des relations liant les informations et connaissances du couple produit-process. Ces efforts ont pour but d’apporter une base concrète pour la description des changements d’entités spatiales (telles que les composants) et leurs relations `a travers l’espace et le temps. Cette théorie basée sur les régions lie les dimensions spatiale, temporelle et spatio-temporelle et apporte donc une vision perdurantiste en conception de produit. Ensuite, PRONOIA2 – une ontologie formelle basée sur la précédente théorie –développée. De ce fait, les informations liées à l’assemblage sont rendues accessibles et exploitables par des systèmes de gestion d’information et les outils de XAO afin de supporter les activités de l’architecte produit et du concepteur. En effet, les informations et connaissances liées à la conception de produit, ainsi que la séquence d’assemblage associée, ont besoin d’une fondation sémantique et logique afin d’être gérées de manière cohérente et proactive. Suite au développement de la théorie JANUS et de l’ontologie PRONOIA2, l’approche proposée permet d’associer les informations spatiales (gérées par le PDM) et les informations temporelles (gérées par le MPM) à travers des relations mereotopologiques spatio-temporelles. Par conséquent, de nouvelles entités doivent être gérées dans le PLM, en utilisant notamment l’ontologie et un système hub, afin d’assurer un maintien des principes d’ingénierie proactives et améliorer la compréhension de l’architecte produit et du concepteur concernant l’ évolution du produit. / The major goal of this research is to describe product evolution in the three dimensions (i.e. spatial, temporal andspatiotemporal). In the current industrial context, product models are only considered from a purely spatial point ofview during the design stage and from a purely temporal point of view during the assembly stage. The lack of linkbetween product and process leads to misunderstanding in engineering definition and causes wrong designinterpretation. However, the product undergoes changes throughout the design and assembly phases. The dynamicaspect of design activities requires linking both dimensions in order to be able to represent product evolution andhave consistent information. As such, spatiotemporal dimension (i.e. linking space and time) needs to be added andrelationships between product modelling and assembly sequences need to be particularly studied.This PhD thesis in mechanical design draws inspiration from several domains such as mathematics, geographicinformation systems and philosophy. Here the product is considered from a perdurantist point of view. Perdurantismregards the object as being composed of temporal slices and always keeping the same identity whatever changesundergone. Based on this statement, this PhD thesis introduces a novel product-process description so as to ensureproduct architect's and designer's understanding of design intents at the early design stages. In order to achieve thisobjective, a mereotopological theory, enabling the product description as it is perceived in the real world, has beendeveloped and implemented in an ontology model to be formalized.The JANUS theory qualitatively describes product evolution over time in the context of AOD, integrating assemblysequence planning in the early product design stages. The theory enables the formal relationships description ofproduct-process design information and knowledge. The proposed efforts aim at providing a concrete basis fordescribing changes of spatial entities (i.e. product parts) and their relationships over time and space. This regionbasedtheory links together spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal dimensions, therefore leading to a perdurantistphilosophy in product design.Then, PRONOIA2 - a formal ontology based on the previous mereotopological theory - is developed. Assemblyinformation is accessible and exploitable by information management systems and computer-aided X tools in orderto support product architects and designer's activities. Indeed product design information and knowledge as well asthe related assembly sequence require a semantic and logical foundation in order to be managed consistently andprocessed proactively.Based on JANUS theory and PRONOIA2 ontology, the MERCURY approach enables associating spatial information(managed by PDM) and temporal information (managed by MPM) through spatiotemporal mereotopologicalrelationships. Therefore, new entities are managed through PLM, using ontology and hub system, so as to ensureproactive engineering and improve product architects' and designers' understanding of product evolution.

Abstract not available

La complexité et le peu d'accessibilité des équipements numériques rend de plus en plus difficiles les taches de vérification et de dépannage de ces équipements. Pour pallier ces problèmes, des outils ont été définis pour traiter des niveaux de description élevés contournant ainsi la complexité intrinsèque des descriptions de bas niveau. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous sommes intéressés a la définition d'un outil d'analyse de testabilité qui permette de prendre en compte des circuits, cartes ou systèmes décrits en langage vhdl. L'objectif est de pouvoir traiter des équipements asynchrones décrits par leur comportement aussi bien que par leur hiérarchie. L'analyse de testabilité se base sur la représentation des transferts d'information et permet, d'une part de déterminer une spécification fonctionnelle du programme de test et, d'autre part, de calculer des mesures de testabilité exprimées par une mesure de contrôlabilité et une mesure d'observabilité. Dans cette thèse nous présentons, tout d'abord, la compilation de programmes vhdl comportementaux sous forme de modèles de transfert d'information. Nous définissons la notion de capacité d'information dynamique qui permet de calculer des mesures de testabilité significatives même dans une certaine classe de cycles séquentiels. Ici sont abordes les problèmes de simplification et d'optimisation des graphes déduits d'une description comportementale. Par le biais de la définition d'une bibliothèque nous avons apporte une solution au probleme de la concaténation de graphes de transfert d'information pour compiler les descriptions hiérarchiques. Des expérimentations sur des exemples réels de circuits ont montre que les optimisations apportent une accélération des traitements d'analyse de testabilité ainsi que la pertinence de ce type de modélisation pour cerner a priori les problèmes de test

Problem: The process planning task for a given design problem in additive manufacturing can be greatly enhanced by referencing previously developed process plans. However, identifying appropriate process plans for the given design problem requires appropriate mapping between the design domain and the process planning domain. Hence, the objective of this research is to establish mathematical mapping between the design domain and the process planning domain such that the previously developed appropriate process plans can be identified for the given design task. Further more, identification of an appropriate mathematical theory that enables computational mapping between the two domains is of interest. Through such computational mapping, previously developed process plans are expected to be shared in a distributed environment using an open repository. Approach: The design requirements and process plans are discretized using empirical models that compute exact values of process variables for the given design requirements. Through this discretization, subsumption relations among the discretized design requirements and process plans are identified. Appropriate process plans for a given design requirement are identified by subsumption relations in the design requirements. Also, the design requirements that can be satisfied by the given process plans are identified by subsumption relations among the process plans. To computationally realize such mapping, a description logic (ALE) is identified and justified to represent and compute subsumption relation. Based on this investigation, a retrieval method (DFM framework) is realized that enables storage and retrieval of process plans. Validation: Theoretical and empirical validations are performed using the validation square method. For the theoretical validation, an appropriate description logic (ALE) is identified and justified. Also, subsumption utilization in mapping two domains and realizing the DFM framework is justified. For the empirical validation, the storing and retrieval performance of the DFM framework is tested to demonstrate its theoretical validity. Contribution: In this research, two areas of contributions are identified: DFM and engineering information management. In DFM, the retrieval method that relates the design problem to appropriate process plans through mathematical mapping between design and process planning domain is the major contribution. In engineering information management, the major contributions are the development of information models and the identification of their characteristics. Based on this investigation, an appropriate description logic (ALE) is selected and justified. Also, corresponding computational feasibility (non deterministic polynomial time) of subsumption is identified.

No description available.

Th. doct.--Informatique et réseaux--Paris--ENST, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 115-125. Résumé en français et en anglais.