System-of-Systems (SoS) refer to complex, large-scale, and sometimes critical software-intensive systems that has raised as a promising class of systems in several application domains. In parallel, software architectures play a significant role in the development of software-intensive systems, dealing with both functional and non-functional requirements. In particular, systematic processes to design SoS software architectures can tackle challenges from SoS development, including to handle collaboration of independent constituent systems with different owners, missions, and interests. Despite the relevance and necessity of software-intensive SoS for diverse application domains, most of their software architectures have been still developed in an ad hoc manner. In general, there is a lack of structured processes for architecting SoS, hindering the secure adoption of SoS, reducing possibilities of sharing common architectural solutions, and negatively impacting in the success rate for these systems. This thesis presents SOAR (\\General Process for Acknowledged SoS Software Architectures\") that supports the establishment of architectural design processes for acknowledged SoS. Conceived to provide different levels of support according to each SoS development context, it comprises a high level kernel that describes what must be done when architecting SoS and also three practices with specific activities and work products to guide how to perform architectural analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. To evaluate SOAR, three surveys, a viability study, and an experiment were conducted. Results achieved in these evaluation studies indicate that SOAR can positively support the instantiation of architecting processes for acknowledged SoS and, as a consequence, contribute to the development and evolution of these complex, software-intensive systems. / Sistemas-de-sistemas ou SoS (do inglês, \"Systems-of-Systems\"), são sistemas complexos de larga escala e, algumas vezes, críticos e intensivos a software que têm se mostrado uma classe de sistemas promissora em vários domínios de aplicação. Em paralelo, arquiteturas de software têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento de sistemas intensivos a software, tratando requisitos funcionais e não-funcionais. Processos sistemáticos para o design de arquiteturas de software de SoS podem lidar com desafios do desenvolvimento desses sistemas, incluindo a promoção da colaboração de sistemas constituintes independentes, envolvendo diferentes proprietários, missões e interesses. Embora SoS intensivos a software sejam relevantes e necessários em diversos domínios de aplicação, a maior parte de suas arquiteturas tem sido desenvolvidas de forma ad hoc. Há uma ausência de processos estruturados para arquitetar SoS, dificultando a adoção segura de SoS, reduzindo possibilidades de compartilhamento de soluções arquiteturais para problemas comuns e impactando negativamente no sucesso desses sistemas. Esta tese apresenta um processo geral para SoS reconhecidos chamado SOAR (do inglês, \"General Process for Acknowledged SoS Software Architectures\") que dá suporte ao estabelecimento de instâncias de processos para o design arquitetural desses sistemas. Concebido para prover diferentes níveis de suporte de acordo com o contexto de desenvolvimento de cada SoS, o SOAR é constituído por um kernel de alto nível que descreve o que precisa ser feito para arquitetar SoS e também por três práticas que descrevem atividades e produtos de trabalho para guiar como conduzir a análise, a síntese e a avaliação arquitetural. Na avaliação do SOAR, foram realizados três surveys, um estudo de viabilidade e um experimento. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o SOAR pode oferecer um suporte positivo na instanciação de processos para o design de SoS reconhecidos e, como consequência, contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a evolução destes sistemas complexos intensivos a software.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise da aplicação da ferramenta DSM Design Structure Matrix ao planejamento do processo de projeto de edificações. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é a análise dos Manuais de Escopo de Projetos e Serviços para a Indústria Imobiliária do ponto de vista do planejamento do processo de projeto, utilizando a ferramenta DSM. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa primeiramente foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica, onde selecionou-se a metodologia ADePT para o desenvolvimento do planejamento do processo de projeto. Em seguida foram aplicadas as duas primeiras etapas da metodologia ADePT definição do processo e otimização do processo, que forneceram material para uma análise da aplicação da ferramenta DSM ao planejamento do processo de projeto e uma análise crítica sobre os Manuais de Escopo de Projetos e Serviços para a Indústria Imobiliária. O cumprimento das duas primeiras etapas da metodologia ADePT forneceu material com informações que permitiram a observação de algumas incoerências e permitiu a apresentação de críticas e sugestões de alterações em seu conteúdo, como proposta de melhoria à ferramenta-guia que estes se propõem a ser. Por fim, a partir da validação da DSM como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento do planejamento do processo de projeto e com base nas alterações sugeridas para os manuais, foi proposto um novo modelo de processo de projeto. / This study presents an analysis of application of DSM Design Structure Matrix to the planning process of building design. The main objective this study is the analysis of manuals Scope of Projects and Services for the Real State Industry in terms of planning the design process, using the DSM. For development of the study was first done a literature review, where we selected the ADEPT methodology to development planning this process. When we applied the first two stages of ADEPT methodology process definition and optimization of the process, which provided material for an analysis of the implementation of DSM planning in the design process and a critical analysis of the Manuals Scope of Projects and Services for Real State Industry. Compliance with the first two stages of ADEPT methodology provided material with information that allowed the observation of some inconsistencies and allowed the presentation of comments and suggestions for changes in content, as proposed improvements to the tool guide that they purport to be. Finally, from the validation of the DSM as a tool for development planning and design process based on the suggested changes to the manuals, we proposed a new model of the design process.

As órteses de membro superior são dispositivos que auxiliam na reabilitação da mão e que tem como objetivo estabilizar, imobilizar, prevenir e corrigir deformidades, melhorando assim a função. O processo tradicional de confecção de órteses é realizado por meio do uso de termoplásticos de baixa temperatura, material moldado diretamente sobre o membro do usuário, sendo neste processo relatados inúmeros problemas, que envolvem desconforto durante o processo, alto custo e baixa adesão do paciente ao uso. O presente trabalho, portanto, teve por objetivo propor a construção de um framework com abordagem metodológica projetual para a produção de órteses de membro superior baseada no processo de design e design colaborativo, com auxílio de recursos de fabricação digital, como digitalização tridimensional e manufatura aditiva (impressão 3D). Através de uma pesquisa exploratória, foram discutidas questões relativas ao projeto de órteses de membro superior (MMSS) pela forma tradicional, utilizando termoplástico de baixa temperatura, e questões do processo de design no desenvolvimento de novos produtos a serem aplicadas do desenvolvimento de órteses utilizando a manufatura aditiva A coleta de dados contou com a participação dos principais personagens envolvidos no processo, usuários de órteses, Terapeutas Ocupacionais e Designers. Com base na técnica de card sorting e entrevistas, foi elaborado um framework da abordagem projetual para a criação de órteses utilizando processos de fabricação digital, de forma colaborativa. O framework ainda foi aplicado no desenvolvimento de uma órtese a fim de avaliar os resultados e melhorias levantadas durante a fase de entrevistas com profissionais e usuários. Ao final do processo, obteve-se uma órtese funcional em que foram atendidos os requisitos necessários para a produção de uma órtese levantada pelo trabalho, além da criação do framework servindo como um guia para o desenvolvimento de órteses utilizando a manufatura aditiva. / Upper limb orthoses are devices that assist in the rehabilitation of the hand and that aim to stabilize, immobilize, prevent and correct deformities, thus improving the function. The traditional process of making orthotics is accomplished through the use of thermoplastics of low temperature, molded material directly on the member of the user, being in this process reported numerous problems, that involve discomfort during the process, high cost and low adhesion of the patient to the use. The present work, therefore, aimed to propose the construction of a framework with a design methodological approach for the production of upper limb orthosis based on the process of design and collaborative design, with the aid of digital manufacturing resources such as three - dimensional digitization and additive manufacturing (3D printing). Through an exploratory research, questions regarding the design of upper limb orthoses (MMSS) in the traditional way, using low-temperature thermoplastic, and design process issues in the development of new products to be applied in the development of orthoses using the additive manufacture The data collection was attended by the main characters involved in the process, users of orthoses, Occupational Therapists, and Designers. Based on the technique of card sorting and interviews, a framework of the design approach for the creation of orthoses using digital manufacturing processes was developed in a collaborative way. The framework was also applied in the development of a bracing in order to collaborate with the results and improvements raised during the interviews phase with professionals and users. At the end of the process, a functional orthosis was obtained, in which the necessary requirements for the production of an orthosis were obtained by the work, besides the creation of a framework serving as a guide for the development of orthoses using the additive manufacture.

Abstract not available.

Content 01. Prototypen im Design Anwendung im Designprozess Einordnung und Kategorisierung 02. Hybride Prototypen Beschreibung Potenziale Einordnung Fragestellungen 03. Aktuelle Projekte Interdisziplinäres Sommerprojekt 2015 VR Concept Cab Interfaceprototypen Agrar 04. Untersuchungen Anwendung Forschung

This research aims to apply procedural techniques, similar to those employed in node-based modeling or compositing software packages, to the motion design workflow in Adobe After Effects. The purpose is to increase efficiency in the motion design process between pre-production and production stages. Systems Theory is referenced as a basis for breaking down problems in terms of inputs and outputs. All of this takes place within the context of a larger motion design project.

The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how architects and project managers can improve their work process within an architecture firm, in order to become more competitive and cost efficient. To fulfil the purpose of the thesis, the research has been based on an interview study that draws upon the challenges the construction industry is currently facing, especially within architecture and project management, which means that firms working in the early phases of a project must do some changes in their work processes to meet those challenges. Hence, the research question has been based on the firm’s ability to improve their work processes in different and new types of projects. The investigation has been based on semi-structured interviews and a literature study of scientific articles and academic literature. The interviews have been made with group managers, a design manager, internal project managers and external project managers from the Swedish architecture firm White AB in Stockholm, which has collaborated with the researcher when writing the master thesis. The interviews has shown difficulties in managing projects for both architects and project managers, and in defining roles and dividing of tasks, which has resulted in the lack of collaboration and communication, design problems, time and budget constraints, client dissatisfaction and cultural barriers within the firm. To handle and prevent these difficulties from occurring the researcher has provided the firm’s steering committee with guidance on how to improve the difficulties with two overall objectives. The objectives were based on the current situation analysis, which in turn was based on interviews and literature study that entailed architects’ increased collaboration with project managers and the definition of the project manager’s role. Hence the following guidelines can be achieved: internal and external marketing, education, experience feedback, common objectives and shared leadership. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur arkitekter och projektledare kan förbättra sina arbetsprocesser, i en arkitektfirma, för att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga och kostnadseffektiva. För att uppfylla syftet av examensarbetet, har forskningen varit baserad på en intervjustudie som bygger på de utmaningar som byggbranschen för närvarande står inför, särskilt inom arkitektur och projektledning, vilket innebär att företag som arbetar i de tidiga faserna av ett projekt måste göra vissa förändringar i sina arbetsprocesser för att möta dessa utmaningar. Därför har forskningsfrågan varit baserad på företagets förmåga att förbättra sina arbetsprocesser i olika och nya typer av projekt. Undersökningen har baserats på semistrukturerade intervjuer och en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar och akademisk litteratur. Intervjuerna har gjorts med gruppchefer, en projekteringsledare, interna och externa projektledare från den svenska arkitektfirman White AB i Stockholm, som har samarbetat med forskaren vid skrivning av examensarbetet. Intervjuerna har visat på svårigheter i att hantera projekt för både arkitekter och projektledare och I att definiera roller och uppdelning av arbetsuppgifter, vilket har resulterat i samarbets- och kommunikationsbrister, utformningsproblem, tid- och budgetbegränsningar, klientmissnöje och kulturella barriärer inom företaget. Att hantera och förebygga dessa svårigheter från att uppstå så har forskaren tillhandahållit företagets styrgrupp med vägledning om hur svårigheterna kan förbättras utifrån två övergripande mål. Målen baserades på nulägesanalysen, vilket i sin tur grundade sig på intervjuer och litteraturstudier som innebar ett ökat samarbete mellan arkitekter och projektledare och att definiera projektledarens roll. Därmed kan följande riktlinjer uppnås: intern och extern marknadsföring, utbildning, erfarenhetsåterföring, gemensamma mål och delat ledarskap.

No description available.

This thesis consists of two essays and an introduction. The main theme is technological knowledge that is not based on the natural sciences.The first essay is about rules of thumb, which are simple instructions, used to guide actions toward a specific result, without need of advanced knowledge. Knowing adequate rules of thumb is a common form of technological knowledge. It differs both from science-based and intuitive (or tacit) technological knowledge, although it may have its origin in experience, scientific knowledge, trial and error, or a combination thereof. One of the major advantages of rules of thumb is the ease with which they can be learned. One of their major disadvantages is that they cannot easily be adjusted to new situations or conditions. Engineers commonly use rules, theories and models that lack scientific justification. How to include these in introductory technology education is the theme of the second essay. Examples include rules of thumb based on experience, but also models based on obsolete science or folk theories. Centrifugal forces, heat and cold as substances, and sucking vacuum all belong to the latter group. These models contradict scientific knowledge, but are useful for prediction in limited contexts where they are used when found convenient. The role of this kind of models in technology education is the theme of the second essay. Engineers’ work is a common prototype for pupils’ work with product development and systematic problem solving during technology lessons. Therefore pupils should be allowed to use the engineers’ non-scientific models when doing design work in school technology. The acceptance of these could be experienced as contradictory by the pupils: a model that is allowed, or even encouraged in technology class is considered wrong when doing science. To account for this, different epistemological frameworks must be used in science and technology education. Technology is first and foremost about usefulness, not about the truth or even generally applicable laws. This could cause pedagogical problems, but also provide useful examples to explain the limitations of models, the relation between model and reality, and the differences between science and technology. / <p>QC 20111118</p>

The world is quickly changing and the transition away from fossil fuels is occurring at a rapid pace. The car industry has experienced a radical change in the last years replacing combustion cars with electrical ones. The infrastructure to support the new vehicles with charging facilities has not met the demand in terms of accessibility and technical performance. Neither have the chargers reached a sustainable number to support the ever-increasing number of electric cars on the road. To adapt to this need companies have started to pursue next generation chargers. This paper focused on creating the next generation of chargers with visual design, interaction, and manufacturing as the focus point. This project is a collaboration with the company Zpark to create a new visual branding for their products and improve the user experience for their user group.  The project takes a wide approach to initial research, looking at both AC and DC chargers on the market as well as the user groups' current opinions. This research was implemented to create a DC charger (fast charging unit), as the company had not yet created a product that could cover this market segment. In the design process, a visual branding was created to make Zpark a more recognizable company. Several features were distinguished that could be implemented on future products in their line-up, whilst also creating the possibility of re-branding to specific buyers. A suggested manufacturing process and material choice were made to work as a guideline to create a more sustainable product, with ecological and economic impact as factors.  Four main categories of needs for the charger were elaborated on to create a better interaction, both for users charging and owners of the chargers. These four categories were charging, payment, communication, and maintenance. All the solutions help to create a more sustainable charging solution that will aid the transition to electric with a future-proofing aspect in mind.