Thesis (MA(Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Alguns saberes têm se destacado no estudo da autolesão, entre eles a medicina, (notadamente a psiquiatria), a psicologia e a psicanálise. Estes campos do conhecimento diferenciam os atos de ferir a si mesmo como parte de uma cultura específica ou ritual religioso das práticas autolesivas que são atribuídas a patologias ou disfunções. Estas últimas são consideradas como atos de autodestruição produzidos por pessoas que precisam de intervenções de especialistas para que deixem de ferir-se. Partimos do pressuposto de que a autolesão é um modo de subjetivação construído e transformado por diferentes discursos dependendo do contexto sociocultural em que acontece. Assim, a intenção deste trabalho é analisar, à luz da perspectiva pós-estruturalista, mensagens de pessoas que se autolesionam e discutem a sua experiência em comunidades virtuais da rede social Orkut. Resultados indicam que além dos discursos em comum com os citados campos de saber e com a religião, há ainda quem defina a autolesão como arte, maneira privilegiada de expressão das emoções ou mesmo fonte de prazer. Alguns internautas reivindicam o corpo como território de intervenção pertencente unicamente a si próprios, reclamando o direito de utilizá-lo como bem entendem, no que se pode caracterizar como um movimento de resistência à norma de ter que apresentar um corpo dócil. Por fim, compreende-se que os sujeitos envolvidos nessa prática relacionam-se com seu corpo e com as comunidades de que participam enquanto locais de produção de identidades. / Some fields of knowledge have been highlighted in the study of self-harm, such as medicine (especially psychiatry), psychology and psychoanalysis. These areas differentiate the acts of harming oneself as part of a specific culture or religious ritual from those recognized as pathologies or dysfunctional behavior. The last ones are considered as acts of self-destruction produced by individuals who need assistance so that they can stop self-injuring. Partimos do pressuposto de que a autolesão é um modo de subjetivação construído e transformado por diferentes discursos dependendo do contexto sociocultural em que acontece. Assuming that self-harm is a form of subjectivity produced and transformed by different speeches, depending on the social context in which it takes place, this study intends to analyze, using the post-structuralism perspective, messages left on Orkut virtual communities by people who self-harm and discuss their experiences in that social network. Results indicate discourses in common with the aforementioned fields of knowledge and with religion, as well as definitions of self-harm as art, a privileged way of expressing emotions or even a source of pleasure. Some internet users claim for the right to use their bodies as they please since it is meant to be their territory of intervention and their only, what can be understood as a movement of resistance to the rule of having a docile body. In conclusion, it is understood that the subjects involved with self-harm relate to their bodies and with virtual communities as means of producing identities.

Denna kvalitativ intervjustudie, söker en förståelse kring fenomenet sex som självskadebeteende. Självskadebeteende har studerats och definierats, men sex som ett självskadebeteende är inte inkluderat som ett begrepp i dessa vetenskapliga studier (Zetterqvist, 2014; Nock, 2014; Klonsky 2009). Däremot har psykologer, organisationer och andra professionella tolkat och definierat fenomenet som att det existerar (Sjöström, 2012; Landgren 2015; Jonsson och Mattson, 2013; Tjejouren 2015; MUCF, 2013).Genom intervjuer med tre olika personer som kommer i kontakt med sex som självskadebeteende, kombinerat med tidigare forskning, visar denna studie att sex kan användas som självskadebeteende och att det görs i syfte att hantera (coping) ångest och andra negativa känslor. Tidigare trauman och/eller en dysfunktionell familjedynamik kan leda till att en individ utvecklar icke fungerande strategier för att hantera potentiella dåliga känslor. Individerna vänder sig till sexuella destruktiva beteenden som en affektregleringstrategi. Studien visar att prostitution kan vara associerat med riskabelt sex, i form av att det kan vara ett sätt att utsätta sig själv för farliga situationer.Skillnader mellan sex som ett självskadebeteende och andra självskadebeteenden har påvisats. Dessa är beskrivna som att kontrollen ges bort till en annan person. Sex är också något som egentligen ger njutning och är ett naturligt beteende, vilket gör det svårt att sluta helt med till skillnad från andra självskadebeteenden. Istället behöver individen finna strategier för att kunna ha ett friskt sexuellt beteende. Då sex som självskadebeteende inte är vetenskapligt befäst, så visar resultaten på detta öppnar upp för subjektiva tolkningar kring hur man ser och bemöter fenomenet. Dock var intervjupersonerna överens om att det behövs ett öppet och normkritiskt förhållningssätt. Slutligen ställs frågan ifall vetenskapen representerar den enda och rätta kunskapen. Det är möjligt att praktisk och icke-vetenskaplig kunskap kan vara lika viktig. / This study aims to, through a qualitative interview approach, reach a further understanding of the phenomenon sex as a self-injury behavior. Self injury behaviors have been studied and defined, but sex as a self-injury was not included in the scientific studies Zetterqvist, 2014; Nock, 2014; Klonsky 2009). However, psychologist´s, organizations, and other professionals where interpreters and define this matter as if it existed (Sjöström, 2012; Landgren 2015; Jonsson och Mattson, 2013; Tjejouren 2015; MUCF, 2013).By interviewing three different people that come in contact with sex as a self-injury through work, combined with previous research, this study has come to show how sex can be used in the same way as any other self-injury behavior. The result shows that sex can be used for self-injury and that it is done in the purpose of coping with anxiety and other bad feelings. Previous trauma and/or a dysfunctional family dynamic can lead to an individual developing non-functional strategies to cope with potential bad feelings. Individuals turn to a sexual destructive behavior as a strategy to cope. The study shows that prostitution can be associated with risky sex as it can become a way of exposing yourself to dangerous situations.Differences between sex as a self-injury behavior and other self-injury behavior where detected. These where described in the way that control is given away to a other person. Also sex is something that usually gives pleasure and is a natural behavior so to just stop having sex is not desirable. Instead the person must find a way of having a healthy sexual behavior. The result shows that due to the fact that sex as a self-injury behavior does not have a scientific status subjective interpretation can be made on how to look an approach the phenomenon. However all the respondents agreed that you need an open and norm critical approach. Furthermore the question can be asked if scientific concepts represent the only right knowledge. Is it possible that practical and non-scientific knowledge can be as important.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a form of direct self-harm that involves willful damage to bodily tissue without suicidal intent; it includes behaviors such as cutting, burning, carving, biting, scraping, and scratching of the skin, as well as hitting and skin and scab picking. Engagement in NSSI has been shown to relate to a host of maladaptive states and outcomes, including depression, anxiety, poor emotion regulation, and suicidal ideation and attempts. Socially sanctioned forms of body modification (e.g. tattoos and piercings) have received less attention as potential self-harm outlets, but have been posited to represent similar physical outlets of emotional pain. Indirect self-harm, in contrast, can include behaviors such as substance abuse, disordered eating, participation in abusive relationships, and sexual risk-taking. Extant literature suggests that self-harm in either form is associated with higher levels of self-criticism than healthy adults endorse. However, few studies have examined self-criticism in each of these self-harming subgroups. Female participants were recruited online using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Results from the present study indicate that 1) direct self-harming individuals are considerably more self-critical than indirect self-harmers and control subjects, 2) those who engage in multiple forms of self-harm are more self-critical than those engaging in only one form, 3) self-criticism did not significantly predict self-harming behaviors, and 4) there are no significant differences in self-criticism based on developmental trajectory of self-harming behaviors. Additionally, individuals with body modification (e.g. tattoos, piercings) did not exhibit different levels of self-criticism than those without socially sanctioned alterations. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research of this nature are discussed.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / The goal of this study is to understand the phenomenon of self mutilation by adolescents, with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, from an educational-psychological perspective. A literature study was undertaken to investigate the nature, classification, causes and treatment of self mutilation, as well as the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. The self mutilation of adolescents was placed within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory framework. The research results showed that selfmutilation, with adolescents with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, is a symptom of disharmonic intra- and interpsychic processes, as it is understood within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. Self mutilation is used as a coping mechanism to regulate unpleasant emotional experiences. The empirical study also showed that an impoverished educational climate contributes to the development of self mutilation by adolescents. / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente, by wie daar nie ontwikkelings- of geestesgestremdheid aanwesig is nie, vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief te verstaan. Aan die hand van die literatuurstudie is die aard, klassifisering, oorsake en behandeling van selfmutilering, asook die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie verken. Die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie is as raamwerk gebruik waarbinne die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente ondersoek is. Die navorsingsresultate het aan die lig gebring dat selfmutilering, by adolessente by wie daar nie geestes- of ontwikkelingsgestremdheid teenwoordig is nie, 'n simptoom is van disharmoniese intra- en interpsigiese gebeure soos dit verstaan word binne die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie. Selfmutilering word gebruik as 'n verdedigingsmeganisme waarmee onaangename belewinge gereguleer word. Die empiriese studie het ook getoon dat 'n onbevredigende opvoedingsklimaat 'n groot bydrae lewer tot die ontwikkeling van selfmutilering by adolessente. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialiation in Guidance and Counseling)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / The goal of this study is to understand the phenomenon of self mutilation by adolescents, with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, from an educational-psychological perspective. A literature study was undertaken to investigate the nature, classification, causes and treatment of self mutilation, as well as the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. The self mutilation of adolescents was placed within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory framework. The research results showed that selfmutilation, with adolescents with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, is a symptom of disharmonic intra- and interpsychic processes, as it is understood within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. Self mutilation is used as a coping mechanism to regulate unpleasant emotional experiences. The empirical study also showed that an impoverished educational climate contributes to the development of self mutilation by adolescents. / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente, by wie daar nie ontwikkelings- of geestesgestremdheid aanwesig is nie, vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief te verstaan. Aan die hand van die literatuurstudie is die aard, klassifisering, oorsake en behandeling van selfmutilering, asook die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie verken. Die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie is as raamwerk gebruik waarbinne die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente ondersoek is. Die navorsingsresultate het aan die lig gebring dat selfmutilering, by adolessente by wie daar nie geestes- of ontwikkelingsgestremdheid teenwoordig is nie, 'n simptoom is van disharmoniese intra- en interpsigiese gebeure soos dit verstaan word binne die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie. Selfmutilering word gebruik as 'n verdedigingsmeganisme waarmee onaangename belewinge gereguleer word. Die empiriese studie het ook getoon dat 'n onbevredigende opvoedingsklimaat 'n groot bydrae lewer tot die ontwikkeling van selfmutilering by adolessente. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialiation in Guidance and Counseling)

Submitted by Wagner Junior (wagner.junior@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-12T19:25:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Meire_Perpetua_Vieira_Pinto_2018.pdf: 1814408 bytes, checksum: 40567f2ff1a03d4fd57dd32e83e44648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T19:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Meire_Perpetua_Vieira_Pinto_2018.pdf: 1814408 bytes, checksum: 40567f2ff1a03d4fd57dd32e83e44648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Introduction. Suicide is considered by researchers a multidetermined, complex phenomenon, existing since antiquity. Suicidologists emphasize the importance of developing studies making feasible the implementation of programs that bring closer health professionals and people who present behaviors at risk of suicide. Objective: To understand how physicians, psychologists, nurses, nursing technicians and community agents of Basic Care in a triple border region identify and develop care actions for people with suicidal behavior. Methodology: Study based on Alfred Schütz'sSocial Phenomenology developed in the city of Foz do Iguaçu-PR, Brazil in Basic Health Care Units. The participants' reports were collected from June 2017 to December 2017 through a semi-structured interview, with the following guiding questions: Tell me what you know about suicide and about suicide prevention. Do you know the National Guidelines for the Prevention of Suicide? Do you assist or have assisted people with suicidal behavior? Comment, from your experience, what do you understand about Care and about Care Actions? Do you develop caregiving actions for people with suicidal behavior? If so, which ones? If not, why? In your opinion, what actions could be taken with this population? What are your expectations regarding the Networks of Care with this population? Results: There are three categories unfolded in nine subcategories related to "because motive", the past/present experiences of the professionals and another category that unfolds in five subcategories related to "in-order-to motive", that is, their expectations towards the future. Final Thoughts: The collective construction fostered by the actions of permanent education can contribute to the expansion of the understanding of suicide, not only as an individual issue, but as a social problem that requires collective and community coping solutions, extensive to other social actors. The study evidenced the reflections on the difficult daily life experienced by health professionals, when faced with their own anguish related to impotence facing such a complex and challenging phenomenon for the whole society. / Introducción: El suicidio es considerado por los investigadores un fenomeno multideterminado, complejo, existente desde la antiguedad. Suicidólogos destacan la importancia de desenvolver estudios que viabilicen la implantación de programas que aproximen profesionales de la salud y personas que presentan comportamientos con riesgo de suicidio. Objetivo: Comprender como médicos, psicólogos, enfermería, técnicos de enfermería y agentes comunitários de atención básica , en región de triple frontera, identifican y desarrollan acciones de cuidado a las personas con comportamiento suicida. Metodología: Estudio fundamentado en la Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz desenvolvido en la ciudad de Foz de Iguazu-PR, Brasil en unidades de salud de atención básica. Los informes de los participantes fueron obtenidos en el período de junio de 2017 a diciembre de 2017 por medio de entrevista semiestructurada, con las siguientes cuestiones orientadoras: Dígame lo que usted sabe sobre el suicidio y sobre la prevención del suicidio. ¿Usted conoce las Directrices Nacionales para la Prevención del Suicidio? ¿Usted atendió o atiende a personas con comportamiento suicida? ¿ Puedes comentar a partir de su vivencia lo que usted comprende sobre el Cuidado y sobre acciones de Cuidado? ¿Usted desarrolla acciones de cuidado a las personas con comportamiento suicida? Si es así, ¿cuáles? Si no, ¿por qué?, en su opinión, ¿Qué acciones podrían realizarse junto a esa población? ¿Cuáles son tus expectativas en lo que se refiere a las redes de cuidado junto a esa población? Resultados: Se destacan tres categorías desplegadas en nueve subcategorías relacionadas con los "motivos por los que”, el vivido por los profesionales y una categoría que se desdobla en cinco subcategorías relacionadas con los "motivos para", es decir, sus expectativas. Consideraciones finales: La construcción colectiva promovido por las acciones de educación permanente puede contribuir para la ampliación del entendimiento del suicidio, no solo como una cuestión individual, sino como un problema social que requiere soluciones de enfrentamiento colectivas y comunitarias, contemplando otros actores sociales. El estudio evidenció la reflexión sobre el difícil cotidiano vivido por los profesionales de la salud al encontrarse con sus propias angustias relacionadas a la impotencia frente a un fenómeno tan complejo y desafiante para toda la sociedad. / Introdução. O suicídio é considerado por pesquisadores um fenômeno multideterminado, complexo, existente desde a antiguidade. Suicidólogos destacam a importância de se desenvolver estudos que viabilizem a implantação de programas que aproximem profissionais da saúde e pessoas que apresentem comportamentos com risco de suicídio. Objetivo: Compreender como médicos, psicólogos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem e agentes comunitários da Atenção Básica, em região de tríplice fronteira, identificam e desenvolvem ações de cuidado a pessoas com comportamento suicida. Metodologia: Estudo fundamentado na Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz desenvolvido na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, Brasil em Unidades de Saúde da Atenção Básica. Os relatos dos participantes foram obtidos no período de junho de 2017 a dezembro de 2017 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com as seguintes questões norteadoras: Fale-me o que você sabe sobre o suicídio e sobre a prevenção do suicídio. Você conhece as Diretrizes Nacionais para a Prevenção do Suicídio? Você atendeu ou atende pessoas com comportamento suicida? Comente, a partir da sua vivência o que você compreende sobre o Cuidado e sobre Ações de Cuidado? Você desenvolve ações de cuidado a pessoas com comportamento suicida? Se sim, quais? Se não, por que? Em sua opinião, que ações poderiam ser realizadas junto a essa população? Quais são as suas expectativas no que diz respeito às Redes de Cuidado junto a essa população? Resultados: destacam-se três categorias desdobradas em nove subcategorias relacionadas aos “motivos por que”, o vivenciado pelos profissionais e uma categoria que se desdobra em cinco subcategorias relacionadas aos “motivos para”, ou seja, as suas expectativas. Considerações finais: A construção coletiva fomentada pelas ações de educação permanente pode contribuir para a ampliação do entendimento do suicídio, não apenas como uma questão individual, mas enquanto um problema social que requer soluções de enfrentamento coletivas e comunitárias, contemplando outros atores sociais. O estudo evidenciou a reflexão sobre o difícil cotidiano vivenciado pelos profissionais de saúde ao se depararem com suas próprias angústias relacionadas à impotência frente a um fenômeno tão complexo e desafiador para toda a sociedade.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:29:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_lopes_arcoverde.pdf: 584232 bytes, checksum: 4e24390bbce6fd6d08e5d19a7779dfa1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-23 / Some fields of knowledge have been highlighted in the study of self-harm, such as medicine (especially psychiatry), psychology and psychoanalysis. These areas differentiate the acts of harming oneself as part of a specific culture or religious ritual from those recognized as pathologies or dysfunctional behavior. The last ones are considered as acts of self-destruction produced by individuals who need assistance so that they can stop self-injuring. Partimos do pressuposto de que a autolesão é um modo de subjetivação construído e transformado por diferentes discursos dependendo do contexto sociocultural em que acontece. Assuming that self-harm is a form of subjectivity produced and transformed by different speeches, depending on the social context in which it takes place, this study intends to analyze, using the post-structuralism perspective, messages left on Orkut virtual communities by people who self-harm and discuss their experiences in that social network. Results indicate discourses in common with the aforementioned fields of knowledge and with religion, as well as definitions of self-harm as art, a privileged way of expressing emotions or even a source of pleasure. Some internet users claim for the right to use their bodies as they please since it is meant to be their territory of intervention and their only, what can be understood as a movement of resistance to the rule of having a docile body. In conclusion, it is understood that the subjects involved with self-harm relate to their bodies and with virtual communities as means of producing identities. / Alguns saberes têm se destacado no estudo da autolesão, entre eles a medicina, (notadamente a psiquiatria), a psicologia e a psicanálise. Estes campos do conhecimento diferenciam os atos de ferir a si mesmo como parte de uma cultura específica ou ritual religioso das práticas autolesivas que são atribuídas a patologias ou disfunções. Estas últimas são consideradas como atos de autodestruição produzidos por pessoas que precisam de intervenções de especialistas para que deixem de ferir-se. Partimos do pressuposto de que a autolesão é um modo de subjetivação construído e transformado por diferentes discursos dependendo do contexto sociocultural em que acontece. Assim, a intenção deste trabalho é analisar, à luz da perspectiva pós-estruturalista, mensagens de pessoas que se autolesionam e discutem a sua experiência em comunidades virtuais da rede social Orkut. Resultados indicam que além dos discursos em comum com os citados campos de saber e com a religião, há ainda quem defina a autolesão como arte, maneira privilegiada de expressão das emoções ou mesmo fonte de prazer. Alguns internautas reivindicam o corpo como território de intervenção pertencente unicamente a si próprios, reclamando o direito de utilizá-lo como bem entendem, no que se pode caracterizar como um movimento de resistência à norma de ter que apresentar um corpo dócil. Por fim, compreende-se que os sujeitos envolvidos nessa prática relacionam-se com seu corpo e com as comunidades de que participam enquanto locais de produção de identidades.

The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of effective components in adolescent suicide prevention programs among San Bernardino school counselors. The stress model and the mental health model are the two models implemented in suicide prevention programs.

Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is recognised as a difficult behaviour to work/deal with and Community Support Workers (CSW‟s) who work with this behaviour may not have any formal training in the field of SIB. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the needs of CSW‟s working in the field of self-injurious behaviour amongst adolescents. A qualitative approach was used, the study was of an explorative nature and the researcher made use of purposive non-probability sampling to select respondents who were willing to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews with the researcher. This data was then analysed by the researcher making use of Creswell‟s spiral of analysis. The data collected was sorted into themes, sub-themes and categories and interpreted according to literature. The study identified that there are specific needs amongst CSW‟s who work with adolescent SIB in the specific areas of support and education/training. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)