• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 185
  • 67
  • 38
  • 30
  • 14
  • 12
  • 9
  • 7
  • 6
  • 5
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 427
  • 132
  • 86
  • 63
  • 49
  • 48
  • 48
  • 45
  • 38
  • 38
  • 37
  • 30
  • 28
  • 28
  • 28
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
311

AUXÍLIO-RECLUSÃO Um olhar a partir dos sujeitos encarcerados, seus familiares e técnicos do sistema prisional

Bonini, Rejane Maria Nalério 28 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rejane1].pdf: 865016 bytes, checksum: 4b625b8e4fd332e5ed87a5323eb4128d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Social welfare s detention auxiliary benefit, as an instrument of social protection, is on the Brazilian Federal Constitution, aimed at the ones who depend on the beneficiary who is in prison and, therefore, cannot provide his family s subsistence. Historical changes in western societies highlighted the drastic increase of the imprisoned population, with the correlated amplification of families and individuals vulnerabilities. As a mechanism to face institutional, social and penal vulnerabilities, a study on the detention auxiliary benefit was accomplished, in order to search for the meaning attributed by individuals and their families under a state protection policy. Another highlighted aspect is the perception of technicians referring to the benefit and their performance in their operations. In this perspective, the study promotes visibility to the expropriation imposed to actors in imprisonment context, to the alienation of law and the importance of the detention auxiliary benefit to families and individuals for the rescue of dignity and citizenship / O benefício previdenciário auxílio-reclusão, como um instrumento de proteção social, está previsto na Constituição Federal Brasileira, destinado aos dependentes do segurado recolhido à prisão e impossibilitado de prover a subsistência de sua família. As mudanças ocorridas historicamente nas sociedades ocidentais marcaram o drástico aumento da população carcerária, com a correlata ampliação das vulnerabilidades das famílias e dos indivíduos. Como mecanismo de enfrentamento das vulnerabilidades institucional, social e penal foi realizado um estudo acerca do benefício auxílio-reclusão, com o objetivo de buscar o significado que os indivíduos e as famílias lhe atribuem sob o referencial de uma política de proteção do Estado. Outro aspecto destacado é a percepção dos técnicos acerca do benefício e atuação na sua operacionalidade. Nesse sentido o estudo dá visibilidade às desapropriações que são impostas aos atores no contexto de encarceramento, às diversas alienações do direito e a importância do auxílio-reclusão para as famílias e indivíduos no resgate da dignidade e cidadania
312

Terrorismo e prisão cautelar: eficiência e garantismo / Terrorism and provisional detention: efficiency and guaranteeism

Maluf, Elisa Leonesi 09 April 2015 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, a questão do terrorismo encontra-se em crescente debate, especialmente no âmbito jurídico. O tema apresenta aspectos tortuosos, a começar pela dificuldade em conceituar e tipificar o fenômeno. Partindo da premissa de que o terrorismo é um crime grave, com amplitude internacional, pretende-se nesse estudo abordá-lo sob um enfoque processual. A tarefa não seria possível sem antes buscar conceitos para o terrorismo, classificá-lo como um crime internacional e identificar a posição do terrorista, como criminoso, tanto em contexto de conflito armado quanto em situações de paz. A esse aspecto, enfatiza-se a necessidade de aplicação das normas protetivas de Direitos Humanos e de Direito Humanitário, afastando a denominação de combatente inimigo e, com isso, o limbo jurídico a que estaria reservado o terrorista. Essas questões preliminares contextualizam o debate central de nosso trabalho: a prisão cautelar de terroristas, à luz da eficiência e garantismo. Para a abordagem do tema, especial atenção é dada às mudanças ocorridas nas legislações e jurisprudências dos Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Espanha, Estados fortemente afetados por atos terroristas, especialmente após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001. A apresentação é feita com base nos julgamentos de casos paradigmáticos, envolvendo prisões cautelares de terroristas, com enfoque nas violações de direitos e garantias do devido processo legal, também à consideração da jurisprudência de cortes internacionais de direitos humanos. A prisão cautelar é aqui entendida como a prisão anterior ao julgamento, cujo caráter instrumental visa a garantir a eficácia dos procedimentos penais. Em seguida, os direitos e as garantias do devido processo legal aplicáveis à prisão cautelar, principalmente nos casos de terrorismo, são analisados de forma mais detida, com o intuito de demonstrar a necessidade de se compatibilizar a busca de eficiência na persecução penal do terrorismo com as garantias do processo penal. Quanto a isso, ressalta-se a importância da presunção de inocência, do direito de defesa e da proibição da tortura. Ao fim do trabalho, a análise se volta a uma abordagem nacional do tema, averiguando o tratamento das prisões cautelares de terrorismo no Brasil. / In the past few decades, the question of terrorism has been the object of increasing debate, especially within the legal scope. This topic presents some complex aspects, beginning with the problem of conceptualizing and defining this phenomenon. Beginning with the premise that terrorism is a serious crime, with an internationals scope, in this study we intend to approach it from a procedural focus. This would not be possible without first seeking definitions for terrorism, classifying it as an international crime and identifying the position of the terrorist, as a criminal, both within the context of armed conflict and in situations of peace. In this regard, we emphasize the need to apply the protective rules of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, avoiding the use of the term enemy combatant, and thus, the legal limbo that would be reserved for terrorists. These preliminary questions place the central debate of our work in context: the provisional detention of terrorists, from a standpoint of efficiency and guaranteeism. In the discussion, special attention is paid to the changes that took place in the legislation and judicial precedent of the United States, the United Kingdom and Spain, States strongly affected by terrorist acts, especially after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The presentation is based on the judgments of paradigmatic cases, involving provisional detentions of terrorists, with a focus on the violations of due process rights and guarantees, as well as on the jurisprudence of international human rights courts. Here, provisional detention is understood as imprisonment before the judgment, whose instrumental nature is to guarantee the effectiveness of criminal proceedings. Next, the rights and guarantees of due process applicable to provisional detention, principally in cases of terrorism, are analyzed more carefully, in order to show the need to make criminal prosecution of terrorism compatible with the guarantees of criminal procedure law. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the importance of the assumption of innocence, the right to defense and the prohibition of torture. At the end of the work, the analysis returns to the national approach to this topic, verifying the treatment of provisional detentions for terrorism in Brazil.
313

A prisão preventiva de ofício: análise crítica à luz do sistema constitucional acusatório / The remand decreted ex officio: critical analysis in the light of the constitutional accusatory system.

Gusman, Fabio 06 April 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da validade das normas infraconstitucionais que possibilitam ao julgador penal a decretação da prisão preventiva sem o requerimento do Ministério Público ou do querelante. O maior ou menor grau de atribuições de ofício ao juiz está diretamente ligado ao sistema processual penal vigente em cada jurisdição. Desta forma, importa definir os sistemas processuais penais acusatório, inquisitório e misto, os princípios que os regem, e identificar qual deles foi o escolhido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e pelas normas supralegais. A partir da conclusão de que a Constituição Federal institui o princípio acusatório que condiciona todas as normas infraconstitucionais, identificamos as normas que não encontram sua fundamentação neste princípio e, por isso, destoam do sistema. A norma que dá ao juiz o poder de decretar de ofício a prisão preventiva é uma delas. O trabalho, então, analisa criticamente alguns dos argumentos que comumente são utilizados para fundamentar a posição da constitucionalidade ou inconstitucionalidade da norma, concluindo que as bases que sustentam o poder de ofício do juiz é o ideal inquisitório de um sistema de justiça que implementa políticas públicas em que a imparcialidade do juiz é um atributo de somenos importância. Por fim, colacionam-se algumas notas de direito comparado a respeito de como a questão é tratada em diferentes jurisdições. O trabalho conclui que o poder de decretar a prisão preventiva de ofício está em contradição com os valores processuais acusatórios típicos dos Estados Democráticos de Direito. Indica-se uma possível solução para a modernização do método de tomada de decisão de medidas cautelares consistente nas audiências prévias que oferecem um ambiente mais propício ao exercício das garantias processuais. / This study aims to analyze the validity of the infra-constitutional norms that allow the criminal judge to issue a remand without the request of the prosecutor or the plaintiff. The greater or lesser degree of power assigned to the judge is directly connected to the current actual justice system in each jurisdiction. Thus, it is relevant to define the criminal procedural systems accusatorial, inquisitorial and mixed, their governing principles, and identify which one was chosen by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the rules that are higher in hierarchy. From the assumption that the Brazilian Constitution establishes the adversarial principle which determines norms in our law systems, the study identifies rules that do not find their justification in this principle and, therefore, diverge from the system. The rule that gives the judge the power to issue a preventive detention order is one of them. The work then critically examines some of the arguments that are commonly used to support the position of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of this rule, concluding that the basis supporting the judge\'s power is the inquisitorial ideal of a policy implementing justice system in which the judge\'s impartiality is a minor attribute. Finally, some notes of comparative law are collected in regard to how the issue is assessed in different jurisdictions. The paper concludes that the power to issue the order is contrary to the typical values of the accusatory procedural law of Democratic States. At the end, the study indicates a possible solution to the modernization of the decision-making method for precautionary measures consistent in previous hearings that offer an environment more conducive to the exercise of procedural safeguards.
314

A prisão preventiva de ofício: análise crítica à luz do sistema constitucional acusatório / The remand decreted ex officio: critical analysis in the light of the constitutional accusatory system.

Fabio Gusman 06 April 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da validade das normas infraconstitucionais que possibilitam ao julgador penal a decretação da prisão preventiva sem o requerimento do Ministério Público ou do querelante. O maior ou menor grau de atribuições de ofício ao juiz está diretamente ligado ao sistema processual penal vigente em cada jurisdição. Desta forma, importa definir os sistemas processuais penais acusatório, inquisitório e misto, os princípios que os regem, e identificar qual deles foi o escolhido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e pelas normas supralegais. A partir da conclusão de que a Constituição Federal institui o princípio acusatório que condiciona todas as normas infraconstitucionais, identificamos as normas que não encontram sua fundamentação neste princípio e, por isso, destoam do sistema. A norma que dá ao juiz o poder de decretar de ofício a prisão preventiva é uma delas. O trabalho, então, analisa criticamente alguns dos argumentos que comumente são utilizados para fundamentar a posição da constitucionalidade ou inconstitucionalidade da norma, concluindo que as bases que sustentam o poder de ofício do juiz é o ideal inquisitório de um sistema de justiça que implementa políticas públicas em que a imparcialidade do juiz é um atributo de somenos importância. Por fim, colacionam-se algumas notas de direito comparado a respeito de como a questão é tratada em diferentes jurisdições. O trabalho conclui que o poder de decretar a prisão preventiva de ofício está em contradição com os valores processuais acusatórios típicos dos Estados Democráticos de Direito. Indica-se uma possível solução para a modernização do método de tomada de decisão de medidas cautelares consistente nas audiências prévias que oferecem um ambiente mais propício ao exercício das garantias processuais. / This study aims to analyze the validity of the infra-constitutional norms that allow the criminal judge to issue a remand without the request of the prosecutor or the plaintiff. The greater or lesser degree of power assigned to the judge is directly connected to the current actual justice system in each jurisdiction. Thus, it is relevant to define the criminal procedural systems accusatorial, inquisitorial and mixed, their governing principles, and identify which one was chosen by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the rules that are higher in hierarchy. From the assumption that the Brazilian Constitution establishes the adversarial principle which determines norms in our law systems, the study identifies rules that do not find their justification in this principle and, therefore, diverge from the system. The rule that gives the judge the power to issue a preventive detention order is one of them. The work then critically examines some of the arguments that are commonly used to support the position of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of this rule, concluding that the basis supporting the judge\'s power is the inquisitorial ideal of a policy implementing justice system in which the judge\'s impartiality is a minor attribute. Finally, some notes of comparative law are collected in regard to how the issue is assessed in different jurisdictions. The paper concludes that the power to issue the order is contrary to the typical values of the accusatory procedural law of Democratic States. At the end, the study indicates a possible solution to the modernization of the decision-making method for precautionary measures consistent in previous hearings that offer an environment more conducive to the exercise of procedural safeguards.
315

Abordagem wavelet para detecÃÃo de cantos em formas / Wavelet boarding for detention of corners in forms

IÃlis Cavalcante de Paula JÃnior 26 March 2007 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A anÃlise de formas representa um papel importante em aplicaÃÃes de visÃo computacional e processamento de imagens, e a representaÃÃo da forma à o primeiro passo para esta anÃlise. Esta presente dissertaÃÃo discute e aborda um conjunto de tÃcnicas disponÃveis na literatura para a geraÃÃo de uma representaÃÃo adequada de formas baseada em cantos. A abordagem proposta provà uma decomposiÃÃo wavelet nÃo-decimada do contorno representado pelo sinal de angulaÃÃo e curvatura afim de representar uma forma por seus pontos mais relevantes sem requerer intervenÃÃo do usuÃrio. A metodologia adotada apresenta resultados promissores, faz uso de ferramentas disponÃveis na literatura e elimina caracterÃsticas redundantes da forma com o intuito de alcanÃar uma representaÃÃo que mantenha uma reconstruÃÃo adequada da forma original. Uma nova medida de avaliaÃÃo, sob o aspecto do erro obtido na reconstruÃÃo, tambÃm à apresentada de modo a confirmar que o algoritmo proposto realiza com sucesso a sua meta e supera os detectores de cantos utilizados para testes e comparaÃÃes. / Shape analysis plays an important role in computer vision and image processing applications and shape representation is the first step towards it. The current dissertation discusses a set of techniques available in the literature in order to generate an adequate shape representation based on corners. The proposed approach provides an non-decimated wavelet decomposition of the represented contour by curvature and angulation signals in order to represent the shape using the most relevant contour points without requiring any user intervention. The adopted methodology presents promising results and it uses a set of tools, with little highlight in the literature, and it eliminates the redundant shape features in order to accomplish the suitable representation of the original shape. A novel evaluation measure, concerning the reconstruction error, is also presented to confirm that the proposed algorithm achieves its goal and outperforms other corner detectors used for tests and comparison.
316

A racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional: um estudo da execução da medida socioeducativa de internação em São Paulo / The practical rationality of institutional isolation: a study of the detention process for young offenders in São Paulo

Bruna Gisi Martins de Almeida 29 August 2016 (has links)
O problema de pesquisa que orientou o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi compreender o que sustenta a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional como medida para adolescentes autores de atos infracionais. Para investigação do problema proposto, o objeto de pesquisa são as teorias nativas sobre o ato infracional e sobre a medida socioeducativa elaboradas no raciocínio prático dos atores responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação. Adotando a etnometodologia como principal referencial teórico-metodológico, o objetivo é compreender quais os procedimentos interpretativos envolvidos no emprego das teorias nativas pelos atores na produção da relatabilidade racional de suas atividades. A análise envolve interpretações sobre as informações coletadas em uma pesquisa empírica realizada nas organizações responsáveis pela execução da medida de internação em São Paulo: o Fórum Brás e a Fundação CASA. Como forma de acessar as teorias nativas produzidas nos raciocínios práticos dos atores responsáveis pela execução da internação, o material coletado consiste principalmente em entrevistas e documentos institucionais. As interpretações elaboradas sobre as informações coletadas indicam que a racionalidade prática do isolamento institucional é sustentada por procedimentos interpretativos, empregados de maneira análoga pelos juízes e pelos funcionários das unidades de internação, que transformam fatores estruturais, externos à ação elaborados nas teorias nativas como causas do ato infracional , em características individuais transformáveis pela ação institucional e pela vontade do adolescente. No caso dos juízes, o emprego do critério da crítica do adolescente para decidir sobre o término da internação torna o isolamento institucional plausível como resposta ao ato infracional porque essa medida irá transformar e avaliar ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento desse atributo individual e moral, expressão do pertencimento social do adolescente e tido como determinante da prática infracional. No caso dos funcionários da Fundação CASA, esse procedimento interpretativo se manifesta na operação de interpretar o comportamento do adolescente na unidade como índice de sua transformação para fora da instituição. Ao estabelecer continuidade entre dentro e fora, esse procedimento torna possível sustentar o raciocínio de que quanto mais submetido o adolescente está à instituição, mas preparado ele está para sair dela. Durante o processo de execução da medida, o principal meio de objetivação desses procedimentos são os relatórios elaborados pelas equipes das unidades de internação e utilizados pelos juízes, na grande maioria dos casos, como fundamento exclusivo para formação da decisão sobre o término da medida. Os relatórios são o produto da construção narrativa do fato da transformação do adolescente como efeito da medida, trabalho que envolve, como elemento central, a avalição da crítica do adolescente e de sua estruturação infracional. / The development of this work was guided by the following research question: What upholds the practical rationality of the institutional isolation as an intervention for young offenders? To carry out this investigation, the object of inquiry were the folk theories about delinquency and about punishment employed in the practical reasoning of the actors responsible for the detention of young offenders. From an ethnomethodological perspective, the objective is to understand which interpretive procedures are involved in the actors use of folk theories as means to produce the rational accountability of their activities. The empirical research was conducted at the organizations responsible for the implementation of the institutional isolation in Sao Paulo. In order to access the folk theories, the empirical data consists mostly of interviews and institutional documents. The result of the analysis is that the practical rationality of the institutional isolation of delinquents is sustained by interpretive procedures adopted analogously by both the judges and the detention centers staff. These interpretive procedures transforms structural attributes, external to action formulated as causes of the offense in the folk theories into individual characteristics that can be changed by the institutional action and by the adolescents will. On the one hand, the judges use of the adolescents criticism (showing repentance and empathy for the victim) as a criteria for deciding when to release them from detention, makes the institutional isolation reasonable since it will act upon and evaluate over time the development of this individual and moral attribute, the lack of which is seen as a consequence of the adolescents social background and the cause of the offense. On the other hand, the detention center staff interpret the adolescents behavior in the institution as an index of their transformation for the life outside the institution. By establishing a continuity between inside and outside, they make it possible to sustain the logic that the more submitted the adolescent is to the institution, more prepared he is to leave it. During the implementation of the institutional isolation, the main resource used to objectify these procedures are the reports produced by the staff and used as grounds for the judicial decision to end the detention. The reports are the product of the narrative construction of the fact of the adolescents transformation as a consequence of the detention.
317

EVALUATION OF A SEQUENTIAL POND SYSTEM FOR DETENTION AND TREATMENT OF RUNOFF AT SKYPARK, SANTA'S VILLAGE

Caporuscio, Elizabeth 01 December 2018 (has links)
Understanding the extent to which human activities impact surface water resources has become increasingly important as both human population growth and related landscape changes impact water quality and quantity across varying geographical scales. Skypark, Santa’s Village is a 233.76-acre tourism-based outdoor recreation area located in Skyforest, California residing within the San Bernardino National Forest. The park is situated at Hooks Creek, the headwaters of the Mojave River Watershed, and is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes forest cover and human development, including impervious surfaces, a restored meadow, and recreational trails. In 2016, Hencks Meadow was considered degraded by human activity and restored by the Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) using best management practices (BMPs) to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate pollutants entering recreational downstream surface water. Three BMP detention basins were constructed to store and improve water quality from stormwater runoff. The purpose of this study is to observe the extent to which the engineered BMP detention basins design were effective in mitigating stormwater pollution from entering Hooks Creek. Over a six to eight month period (January to August), ponds were tested in situ bi-weekly for temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, turbidity (NTU), conductivity (µS/cm), nitrate (mg/L), and ammonium (mg/L), with additional laboratory tests for total suspended solids (mg/L), total dissolved solids (mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), total coliform (MPN/100mL), Escherichia coli (MPN/100mL), and trace metals (µg/L). The results of this study support that the BMP design is improving surface stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces before it enters Hooks Creek. Findings could also promote the design and implementation of stormwater BMP detention basins at other site locations where water degradation is evident. Furthermore, this research can be used to promote the necessary improvement of water quality and quantity on a widespread geographical scale.
318

La frontière comme assemblage : géographie critique du contrôle migratoire à la frontière orientale de la Grèce / Border as assemblage : critical geography of Greek Eastern border migration control

Pillant, Laurence 20 October 2017 (has links)
La frontière orientale de la Grèce connaît depuis le début des années 2000 une augmentation des arrivées de migrants qui la franchissent sans autorisation. Le pays, nouvellement dans lʼespace Schengen, est jusque là muni dʼun cadre législatif prévu pour une immigration albanaise dont les autorités contrôlent les arrivées et envers laquelle elles pratiquent lʼexpulsion. Au fil des années 2000, lʼaugmentation des arrivées de migrants à la frontière gréco-turque et une combinaison de prises de décisions politiques autant locales, nationales, quʼeuropéennes, voire mondiales, a entraîné lʼémergence de lieux dʼenfermement. Cʼest lʼensemble de ces évolutions, leurs enjeux et leurs conséquences que ce travail décrypte. Théoriquement et méthodologiquement inscrit dans une approche sociale et politique en géographie, la frontière est envisagée comme un assemblage. Cela permet de comprendre comment le contrôle migratoire sʼétend à de nouveaux espaces et à de nouveaux acteurs, prolongeant ainsi la frontière au-delà de la ligne de séparation. Les modalités de cette extension frontalière sont autant le fait des cadres législatifs et des pratiques policières à différentes échelles que de lʼenvironnement socioculturel des espaces frontaliers. La manière dont ces éléments sʼimbriquent pour former une frontière réticulaire et performative permet dʼancrer la réflexion au cœur dʼun débat géographique sur les nouvelles formes de frontières contemporaines et leurs localisations. Du franchissement frontalier jusquʼau cœur du territoire grec, cette thèse expose les modalités de production et de reproduction des situations de frontières pour les migrants dans le pays. / Since the start of the millenium Greeceʼs eastern border has witnessed an increase in the flow of irregular migrants from Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Although the country entered Schengen a few years back, its immigration laws catered mainly for arrivals from Albania, an immigration that the autorities wanted to keep under control and where expulsions were possible. Throughout the noughties, new places of confinment were built in response to increasing numbers of migrants at the border between Greece and Turkey, and based on a combination of political decisions taken locally, nationally, at European level and even globally. This essay deciphers these trends, what is at stake and the consequences that they carry. From a theoretical and methodological point of view, encompassing a social and political approach in geography, borders are considered as an assemblage. This makes it easier to understand how migratory control expands beyond the geographical line of separation between Greece and Turkey and into new spaces involving new players. This expansion of the borders is the result of the legal framework, the policing practices at all levels and the sociocultural environment of these areas. The way in which these various elements come together to form a border that is both reticular and performative, enables us to position our thoughts within the geographical debate on new forms of contemporary borders and their localisation. From crossing the border to life inside the greek territory, this thesis presents the ways in which border situations are created and reproduced for the migrants in that country.
319

Framed by Legal Rationalism: Refugees and the Howard Government's Selective Use of Legal Rationality; 1999-2003

Rogalla, Barbara, BarbRog@iprimus,com.au January 2007 (has links)
This thesis investigated the power of framing practices in the context of Australian refugee policies between 1999 and 2003. The analysis identified legal rationalism as an ideological projection by which the Howard government justified its refugee policies to the electorate. That is, legal rationalism manifested itself as an overriding concern with the rules and procedures of the law, without necessarily having concern for consistency or continuity. In its first form, legal rationalism emerged as a
320

The insane, a study of their diagnosis and subsequent treatment from ancient to modern times with a focus on Indiana and a case study of Delaware County from 1869 to 1927

Kirchner, Jack M. 03 June 2011 (has links)
The story of the mentally ill is a tale which is filled with unpleasant facts. Only a very few persons have even a semblance of knowledge about mental deficiencies and those citizen unfortunates who have borne, or will travail, under the throes of such a mysterious affliction. Those people who do know the narrative of the "lunatic," too often are unwilling to reveal their expertise.Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to follow the history of those multitudes of mentally ill persons from primitive to contemporary times. One's attention will be focused upon the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of insanity in ancient Egypt and Greece, Europe during the Dark and Middle Ages, England prior to and during the adventures at empire, colonial America, Indiana prior to and after statehood, and specifically Delaware County, Indiana from 1869 through 1927.The research has shown that ages of abuse, restraints, banishment by popular consent from society, sequestration, and indifference toward the mindless in humanity have not explained the ambiguity of mental illness, dwindled man's apprehension regarding the mentally incapacitated, or put to rest his troublesome inner thoughts.In conclusion, little has changed. In contemporary times mankind tends to waver between throwing madness wholly out of perception and out of psyche, and complying with humanitarian impulses to heal the sick souls.It appears that the treatment of the mentally ill has gone full cycle. From remote but centralized places of containment in earliest times, the mentally ill were then supported rather ineffectively at county and local places in accordance with poor law regulations. Then came the advent of state-supported hospitals to replace the often despicable county and local poor farms and jails. But today the collapse of that whole system seems virtually ready to take place as funding becomes less adequate. The feeling is that the mentally ill can better be cared for at local levels. And so once again, the "unwanted" human cargo of concern will soon be back on the serpentine path to resume the life that just a little over a century ago was thought to be grossly inhumane.

Page generated in 0.0993 seconds