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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
601

Bitcoin: Pyramid-scheme Wildfire, New Online Payment Medium, or Future Alternative Currency?

Vozak, Hugo January 2015 (has links)
This thesis explores the price determinants of Bitcoin using a macroeconomic model based on the economic equation of exchange presented by Joseph Wang (2014). The thesis provides a concise and structured introduction to Bitcoin and a comprehensive literature review on Bitcoin. The analysis begins with the application of the functions of money to Bitcoin, arguing that while Bitcoin does fulfill the three classical functions of money to a certain extent, its use remains mainly as a speculative instrument. Wang's model is criticized and amended to reflect the realities of empirically analyzing the Bitcoin market. Using the daily number of transactions and Bitcoin days destroyed as proxies for economic activity and inactivity - to measure Bitcoin's velocity on the block chain - vector autoregression modelling is used to determine if there is Granger causality between the price of bitcoin and the two proxies. The results demonstrate that there is a bidirectional Granger-causal relationship between Bitcoin days destroyed and the price of bitcoin and that there is none between the daily number of transactions and the price of bitcoin; proving Wang's two main assumptions. Impulse- response functions are provided to illustrate and discuss this bidirectional relationship. The results are in line with the...
602

Determinanty a šíření nejistoty v modelování: analýza Bayesianův model průměrování / Spread Determinants and Model Uncertainty: A Bayesian Model Averaging Analysis

Seman, Vojtěch January 2011 (has links)
The spread between interest rate and sovereign bond rate is commonly used in- dicator for country's probability to default. Existing literature proposes many different potential spread determinants but fails to agree on which of them are important. As a result, there is a considerable uncertainty about the cor- rect model explaining the spread. We address this uncertainty by employing Bayesian Model Averaging method (BMA). The BMA technique attempts to consider all the possible combinations of variables and averages them using a model fit measure as weights. For this empirical exercise, we consider 20 different explanatory variables for a panel of 47 countries for the 1980-2010 period. Most of the previously suggested determinants were attributed high inclusion probabilities. Only the "foreign exchange reserves growth" and the "exports growth" scored low by their inclusion probabilities. We also find a role of variables previously not included in the literature's spread determinants - "openness" and "unemployment" which rank high by the inclusion probability. These results are robust to a wide range of both parameter and model priors. JEL Classification C6, C8, C11, C51, E43 Keywords Sovereign Spread Determinants, Model Uncer- tainty, Bayesian Model Averaging Author's e-mail semanv()gmail()com...
603

Psychologické charakteristiky sociální opory u seniorů / Psychological Effects of Social Support on the Elderly

Rudá, Adéla January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
604

Caracterização dos determinantes sociais da saúde dos catadores de materiais recicláveis no município de Serrana / Social determinants of health of recyclable waste collectors in the city of Serrana

João Neto, Miguel 05 June 2019 (has links)
Os catadores de materiais recicláveis, cuja profissão é reconhecida pelo Ministério do Trabalho desde 2002, têm a necessidade de assegurar a sua própria sobrevivência bem como a dos seus familiares. Os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS) buscam analisar as condições econômicas e sociais que afetam a saúde. Os DSS envolvem cinco níveis superpostos: comportamento e estilo de vida; redes sociais e comunitárias; condições de vida e trabalho, macrodeterminantes e condições de saúde. Todos influenciam na ocorrência de problemas de saúde e nos fatores de risco da população. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, através da análise de dados secundários obtidos no Sistema Único de Assistência Social-SUAS e delimitados geograficamente ao município de Serrana. A população de catadores de material reciclado revelou uma prevalência acentuada de homens com idade média de 40 anos, a maioria solteiros e autodeclarados como pardos. Dentro da avaliação dos DSS, 93,75% dos indivíduos declaram não praticar esportes, 75% são fumantes, não possuem acesso à TV e internet e 69% são analfabetos. Por outro lado, os indivíduos possuem moradias dignas com infraestrutura de água e esgoto. As condições de saúde desses indivíduos também foram analisadas e uma parcela apresentou alterações em exames de sangue, como: colesterol (37,5%), glicemia (12,5%) e nível de plaquetas (6,25%). Outra variável analisada foi o ambiente de trabalho, com 37,5% de notificações de algum tipo de acidente, como corte de mão, braço ou pé durante a coleta de lixo. Concluímos que avaliar esses fatores é importante para identificar os riscos que o grupo de catadores de materiais recicláveis é exposto e compreender a intervenção sobre os mecanismos de estratificação social. Os DSS são ferramentas importantes para que a gestão pública conheça a realidade dos catadores de recicláveis e consiga apresentar políticas públicas eficazes, melhorando, assim, a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas extremamente vulneráveis e de função social importante, pois são essenciais à conservação do território e na redução da quantidade de resíduos / Waste recyclers, whose profession has been recognized by the Brazilian Ministry of Labor since 2002, have a need to ensure their own survival, as well as their family members\' maintenance. Social Determinants of Health (SDHs) are used to analyze economic and social conditions affecting a population\'s health. SDHs consist of five superimposed levels: behavior and lifestyle, social and community networks, life and work conditions, macrodeterminants, and health conditions. All of them have a relationship with health problems and risk factors in a population. This study aimed to characterize the SDHs of recyclable waste collectors living in the city of Serrana - SP (Brazil), through secondary data taken from the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). This group consisted mainly of men with a mean age of 40 years, most of whom were single and self-reported as brown or \'pardo\' (a mixture of white, black, and Amerindian races). Results of the SDH assessment showed that 93.75% of the individuals reported not playing sports; 75% declared being smokers, not having TV and internet access; and 69% were illiterate. However, these individuals live in decent housing with water and sewage infrastructure. The health conditions of these workers were also analyzed, and blood examination revealed alterations in the levels of cholesterol (37.5%), blood glucose (12.5%), and platelets (6.25%). We also assessed the work environment and noted that work accidents such as hand, arm, or foot cutting during waste collection represented 37.5% of the cases. Thus, we conclude that these factors are important to identify risks to which recyclable waste pickers are exposed, as well as to understand social stratification mechanisms. In short, SDHs are of paramount importance for public administrators to know the reality of recyclable waste collectors and elaborate effective public policies to improve their quality of life, since they are extremely vulnerable people and play a major social role contributing to the environmental conservation and waste reduction
605

Informal employment in Ukraine and European Union transition countries / L’emploi informel en Ukraine et dans les pays en transition de l’Union Européenne

Nezhyvenko, Oksana 05 July 2018 (has links)
L'emploi informel est devenu un sérieux défi pour l'économie ukrainienne et des pays en transition au cours de l'adaptation aux conditions du marché. La tendance du nombre de travailleurs qui participent au secteur informel est en hausse depuis les dernières années. Dans mes recherches, je vais présenter l'état actuel de l'emploi informel en Ukraine et les pays en transition. Une attention particulière est accordée à la répartition du travail entre les différentes catégories de population, en divisant les individus en cinq catégories (employés formels, employés informels, travailleurs indépendants formels, travailleurs indépendants informels et chômeurs) selon la définition de l'emploi informel de l'OIT. Nous examinons le marché du travail en utilisant les données de Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey pour l'Ukraine et Survey on Living and Income Conditions pour les pays en transition et nous élaborons la fonction des gains du capital humain pour le marché du travail en appliquant la fonction de répartition des gains de Mincer, afin d'étudier les facteurs qui déterminent les revenus et le choix de l'emploi de l'individu en Ukraine et les pays en transition. / Informal employment became a serious challenge for the Ukrainian economy and economy of transition countries during the adjustment to market conditions. Trends of the number of workers participating in the informal sector have been rising for the last years. In my research I will present the current state of informal employment of Ukraine and transition countries. Detailed attention is paid to labour distribution across different population categories by dividing the individuals into five categories (formal employee, informal employee, formal self-employed, informal self-employed and unemployed) following the definition of informal employment from the ILO. We examine labour market using the data of the Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for Ukraine and the Survey on Living and Income Conditions for transition countries and we design human capital earnings function for labour market by applying Mincer earnings distribution function in order to investigate the factors that determine the individual’s earnings and choice of the employment status both for Ukraine and transition countries.
606

Rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních onemocnění na základě longitudinální studie SHARE / Cardiovascular disease risk factors based on a longitudinal study SHARE

Zajíčková, Michaela January 2018 (has links)
Despite decreasing cardiovascular disease mortality rates, these diseases are still the most common cause of death in a number of economically advanced countries, including the Czech Republic. This thesis deals with prevalence of myocardial infarction (the most common forms of ischemic heart disease) and selected risk factors of this disease, using the database of the international project SHARE (The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe). The first part describes the development of mortality on circulatory system diseases and the risk factors of myocardial infarction are discussed in the context of the literature. The empirical part of this work analyzes the infarction prevalence and the relationship between infarction prevalence and risk factors in SHARE respondents, both in the group of respondents from European countries and in the subset of respondents from the Czech Republic, using the binary logistic regression method. The analysis showed, among other things, that the main risk factor for myocardial infarction of SHARE respondents was low physical activity among respondents in European countries, so did male respondents in the Czech Republic. In the group of Czech women, the main risk factor was underweight. Out of the social determinants, the impact of education attained in both...
607

Micro Drivers behind the Changes of CET1 Capital Ratio : An empirical analysis based on the results of EU-wide stress test

Luo, Dan, Ran, Yajing January 2019 (has links)
Background: Stress tests have been increasingly used as a part of the supervisory tool by national regulators after the financial crisis, which can also be used to conduct authorities’ supervisory for determining bank capital levels, assessing the health of a bank. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to assess whether some micro factors play important roles on the changes of Common Equity Tier One Capital Ratio (between the bank accounting value and the stress testing results under the adverse scenarios).  Our secondary purpose is to investigate if our empirical results will help to provide some theoretical suggestions to regulators when they exercise stress tests.   Method: An empirical analysis by using Panel Data, introducing GARCH model to measure volatility.   Empirical foundation: The results of EU-wide stress tests and bank financial statements   Conclusion: The coefficient associated with non-performing loans to total loans is positively significant and the coefficient associated with bank size is negatively significant.  In addition, the financial system of strong banks is better to absorb financial shocks. These findings are useful, as banks is a reflection of the financial stability of an economic entity, we can use these findings as another reason to pay attention to the process of the stress testing rather just stress testing results.
608

Transparência na comunicação do sistema de remuneração: proposta de um instrumento de medida e identificação de fatores determinantes / Transparency in compensation system communication: a proposal for a measurement instrument and determinants factors identification.

Simões, Carina Labbate Maugé 11 November 2015 (has links)
Essa dissertação aborda o tema transparência na comunicação do sistema de remuneração aos funcionários (TCSR), que tem sido, por muito tempo, um assunto controverso nas empresas, sendo também considerado um dos tabus da nossa sociedade. O estudo desenvolveu um instrumento de mensuração da TCSR, bem como analisou como um conjunto de empresas no Brasil lida com a comunicação de suas práticas de remuneração e identificou fatores que influenciaram a decisão destas empresas quanto à maior ou menor transparência. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o tema para dar consistência teórica ao desenvolvimento do instrumento de medida. Na etapa empírica, com o objetivo de validar e aprimorar o instrumento, foram realizadas dez entrevistas em profundidade, cinco delas com especialistas no tema de remuneração e em gestão de recursos humanos; e outras cinco com profissionais responsáveis pelo departamento de remuneração das empresas selecionadas. As entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo departamento de remuneração foram também utilizadas para um levantamento exploratório sobre como as empresas faziam a gestão da TCSR e os principais motivos que as levavam a adotar diferentes estratégias de comunicação com seus funcionários. Como resultado, considera-se que esse trabalho gerou uma alternativa promissora para medir as possíveis variações existentes nas práticas de comunicação do sistema de remuneração. O instrumento desenvolvido se restringe à parcela fixa da remuneração, que envolve salário base, aumento no salário base e análise de mercado. Quanto à postura das empresas pesquisadas frente à comunicação do sistema de remuneração, constatou-se que elas se mostram mais transparentes na divulgação de informações gerais sobre a estrutura de remuneração e seus critérios de funcionamento. Percebe-se também que as organizações suprem os gestores com informações sobre a remuneração de suas equipes, mas não é comum disponibilizar informações sobre a remuneração de outras equipes. O nível de transparência nas empresas declina quando se trata de comunicar para o funcionário informações específicas da estrutura remuneratória sobre o próprio profissional (ex. sua faixa salarial), ou sobre o cargo que representa seu próximo passo de carreira e, principalmente, sobre a remuneração dos demais cargos da empresa. Vale destacar que nenhuma das empresas pesquisadas divulga os salários dos funcionários para todo o quadro, limitando-se a informá-los unicamente ao gestor direto da equipe e àqueles que trabalham na própria área de RH. Por fim, foi possível identificar que os motivos que levam as empresas a serem mais transparentes na comunicação sobre remuneração são: estímulo a uma cultura organizacional participativa; crença no desenvolvimento do capital humano, manutenção de um clima organizacional positivo no que se refere à percepção de justiça dos critérios adotados para definição dos salários na empresa; a necessidade de alinhar as pessoas aos objetivos de negócio; a intenção de deixar claro que a empresa pratica salários acima do mercado. Já os fatores que influenciam as empresas a manterem sigilo sobre as práticas de remuneração foram: as organizações manterem uma cultura organizacional mais paternalista em que se acredita que as pessoas não têm condições de entender toda a complexidade envolvida no sistema de remuneração; a crença interna de que salários são confidenciais por definição; e, por fim, a necessidade de não divulgar inconsistências que persistem no sistema de remuneração para não fragilizar a imagem da empresa internamente. / This dissertation addresses the issue of transparency in compensation system communication to employees (TCSC), which has been, for a long time, a controversial issue in the companies, and is also considered one of the taboos of our society. The study developed a measurement instrument for TCSC, as well as analyzed how a group of companies in Brazil handles the communication of its compensation practices and identified factors that influence the decision of these companies as the greater or lesser transparency. A systematic review of literature on the subject was held to give theoretical consistency to the development of the measurement instrument. In the empirical step, in order to validate and refine the instrument, ten in-depth interviews were performed, five of them with experts on the subject of compensation and human resources management; and five with professionals responsible for the selected companies compensation department. Interviews with those responsible for the compensation department were also used for an exploratory research on how companies were managing TCSC and the main reasons that led to adopt different communication strategies with their employees. As a result, it is considered that this paperwork has generated a promising alternative to measure the possible variations existing in the compensation system practices communication. The instrument developed is limited to the fixed part of compensation that involves base salary, its increase and market analysis. As for the attitude of the companies researched about the compensation system communication, it was found that they are more transparent in the disclosure of general information about the compensation structure and its operating criteria. It is also noticed that organizations supply managers with information of their staff\'s compensation, but it is not common to provide information of other teams\' compensation. The companies\' level of transparency declines when it involves communicating to employees specific compensation structure information about the professional itself (for example, their salary range), or the position that represents the next step in employee\'s career and, especially, on the remuneration of other positions in the company. We must emphasize that none of the analyzed companies disclose for all staff the amounts of individual wages, this information is restricted only to direct manager of the team and HR staff. Finally, it was possible to identify the reasons that lead companies to be more transparent in the compensation communication: the encouragement of a participatory organizational culture; belief in the development of human capital, maintaining a positive organizational climate as it relates to the perceived fairness of the criteria adopted for the wages definition in the company; the need to align people to business goals; intent to make clear that the company is paying above-market wages. The factors that influence companies to maintain the secrecy of the compensation practices were: organizations maintenance of more paternalistic organizational culture in which it is believed that people is not able to understand all the complexity involved in the compensation system; the internal belief that wages are confidential by definition; and, finally, the necessity not to disclose inconsistencies that persist in the compensation system to not undermine the company\'s internal image
609

Os determinantes das internações por tuberculose em Ribeirão Preto: uma abordagem geoecológica / Determinants of hospitalizations by tuberculosis in Ribeirão Preto: a geoecological approach

Popolin, Marcela Antunes Paschoal 10 March 2017 (has links)
A tuberculose (TB) ainda se destaca como uma emergência global, apresentando elevada magnitude, transcendência e vulnerabilidade. Assim, objetivou-se investigar os determinantes das internações por tuberculose e sua distribuição espacial e tendência temporal. Estudo ecológico, cujos dados primários foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas com os profissionais da saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no ano de 2014 e os dados secundários das internações por TB entre 2006 e 2015 registrados no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). Além disso, recorreu-se ao Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social - versão 2010 para mensurar a vulnerabilidade social nos territórios. Procedeu-se inicialmente às análises dos dados por meio da estatística descritiva, realizadas no Statistica 12.0. Para análise espacial realizou-se a geocodificação das internações no TerraView versão 4.2.2. Considerou-se como unidades de análise as 46 áreas de abrangência da APS, classificadas segundo suas modalidades. Estimou-se a taxa bruta e bayesiana empírica das internações evitáveis por TB, sendo suavizada pelo Método Bayesiano Empírico. Recorreu-se, ainda, à regressão linear múltipla pelo método dos mínimos quadrados e à regressão espacial para verificar a relação de dependência espacial das internações evitáveis por TB com a capacidade da APS de coordenar as Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) e ao Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social. Mapas coropléticos foram construídos no ArcGis 10.2. Das 46 unidades de APS, apenas cinco foram classificadas na condição regular para coordenar as RAS. Em relação aos atributos, nenhuma das áreas foi classificada na condição insatisfatória e apenas uma, na condição ótima. Na modelagem espacial, não se observaram atributos que fossem significativamente relacionados às internações evitáveis por TB. Foram identificados 265 casos de internações evitáveis por TB. As taxas variaram de 1,24 a 10,66 internações por TB por 100.000 habitantes/ano. O Distrito Norte apresentou as taxas mais altas (> 6,57); os Distritos Sul, Oeste e Norte apresentaram taxas moderadas (3,70 - 6,56); os Distritos Leste e Central apresentaram as taxas mais baixas (< 3,69). Houve uma maior concentração de internações em regiões mais densas e entre os anos de 2008 a 2009 e 2014 a 2015. Referente ao IVS, os Distritos Sul, Leste, Oeste e Central foram classificados em sua maioria no Grupo 2 (vulnerabilidade muito baixa); os Distritos Norte e Oeste, no Grupo 3 (vulnerabilidade baixa) e uma área foi classificada com vulnerabilidade muito alta (Distrito Norte). Na modelagem espacial também não se observou relação estatisticamente significativa do IVS com as internações evitáveis por TB. O estudo, identificou as áreas da APS mais deficientes quanto à coordenação das RAS e cartografou as áreas mais vulneráveis às internações por TB, possibilitando à gestão local um planejamento em saúde mais direcionado àqueles grupos mais vulneráveis, a fim de diminuir o número de internações evitáveis e injustas e avançar na melhoria da qualidade e fortalecimento de um sistema de saúde orientado pela APS sob a conformação de Redes / Tuberculosis (TB) still stands as a global emergency and presents high magnitude, transcendence and vulnerability. Thus, the aim was to investigate determinants of tuberculosis hospitalizations, their spatial distribution and temporal trend. An ecological study whose primary data were obtained from interviews with Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals in the year 2014 and secondary data of hospitalizations for TB were collected between 2006 and 2015 and recorded in the Hospital Information System of the Health Unique System (SIH/SUS). Also, it was possible to use the Paulista Social Vulnerability Index, 2010 version, to measure social vulnerability in the territories. Initially, data analyses were carried out through descriptive statistics and performed by Statistica 12.0. For spatial analysis, it was carried out hospitalizations geocoding through TerraView, version 4.2.2. The 46 areas covered by the APS were considered as analyses units and classified according to their modalities. It was possible to estimate the gross and empirical Bayesian rate of avoidable hospitalizations by TB and smoothed by the Bayesian Empiric Method. It was also used the multiple linear regression through the method of least squares and spatial regression to verify the spatial dependence relation of avoidable hospitalizations by TB, with the APS capacity to coordinate the Health Care Networks (RAS) and Index of Social vulnerability. Coropletic maps were constructed in the ArcGis 10.2. Of a total of 46 APS, only five were classified in the regular condition to coordinate the RAS. Regarding the attributes, none of the areas was classified as unsatisfactory condition and only one of them was categorized in the optimal condition. In the spatial modeling, there were no attributes significantly related to avoidable hospitalizations for TB. A total of 265 cases of preventable hospitalizations for TB were identified. Rates ranged from 1.24 to 10.66 hospitalizations for TB per 100,000 inhabitants a year. The Northern District had the highest rates (> 6.57); The South, West and North Districts presented reasonable rates (3.70 - 6.56); The Eastern and Central Districts had the lowest rates (<3.69). There was a greater concentration of hospitalizations in denser regions between the years 2008-2009 and 2014-2015. Regarding the IVS, South, East, West and Central Districts were classified mostly in the Group 2 (very low vulnerability). North and West Districts in Group 3 (low vulnerability) and one area was ranked with very high vulnerability (Northern District). In the spatial modeling, there was no statistically significant relationship between the IVS and avoidable hospitalizations for TB. The study identified the most deficient areas of APS in the coordination of RAS and mapped the most vulnerable areas to hospitalizations for TB. Thus, it was possible for the local management to plan a health care more targeted to the most vulnerable groups to reduce the number of avoidable and unjust hospitalizations and advance in quality and strengthening improvement of a health system oriented to the APS, under the formation of Networks
610

Mudanças nos usos da terra no Brasil entre 1995 e 2006 / Land use changes in Brazil between 1995 and 2006

Valente, Luiza Carneiro Mareti 06 November 2012 (has links)
As mudanças nos usos da terra no Brasil têm sido muito discutidas atualmente, principalmente por causar desmatamento, degradação do solo, redução da biodiversidade e aumento da emissão de gases de efeito estufa, influenciando nas mudanças climáticas. Entretanto, a atividade agropecuária é importante para a economia brasileira por ser grande geradora de emprego e renda. Dessa forma, é necessário que o governo brasileiro, por meio de políticas agrícolas e ambientais, consiga regular a interação entre o meio ambiente e a produção agrícola de modo a gerar os maiores benefícios possíveis para a sociedade tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto do ambiental. Para contribuir nessa discussão esse trabalho é composto por três artigos. O primeiro discutiu a evolução recente das políticas e instrumentos de políticas públicas que atuam diretamente nos usos das terras agrícolas privadas: o Código Florestal Brasileiro, o Importo Territorial Rural além de políticas públicas mais recentes de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Concluiuse que a pouca fiscalização prejudica a efetividade das políticas e, consequentemente, não induz ao comportamento esperado dos produtores. Entretanto, as políticas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais e a criação da cota de reserva ambiental tem grande potencial de influenciar os produtores em direção a atitudes mais responsáveis ambientalmente. O segundo artigo discutiu as mudanças no uso do solo e a evolução da produção agrícola abordando o Brasil e cada um dos biomas brasileiros separadamente. Observou-se que as lavouras tem se expandido sobre as áreas de pastagens e florestas. Assim, é necessário aumentar a fiscalização e controle das atividades agrícolas de modo a direcionar a pressão para as áreas de pastagens, estimulando a intensificação da bovinocultura. Além disso, é necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas específicas para a região da caatinga, visando melhorar a produção agrícola desse bioma. O terceiro e último artigo estudou os principais determinantes do uso do solo no Brasil e nos biomas. Identificou-se grande influência da mecanização em todos os usos de solo e, para o caso da cana-de-açúcar, da presença de usinas no município. Ainda, no modelo para o Brasil, as dummies de biomas e as variáveis de altitude, precipitação e temperatura apresentaram influencia significativa. Ainda, as elasticidades área preço calculadas identificaram pouca influência dos preços sobre as áreas plantadas, principalmente relacionados às áreas de pastagens e florestas. Concluiu-se que os resultados do modelo estimado podem não refletir adequadamente as pressões para as alterações nos usos da terra e diversas melhorias são sugeridas. Finalmente, conclui-se que é necessária uma abordagem interdisciplinar para compreender e abordar adequadamente as mudanças do uso do solo no Brasil. / Changes in the land use in Brazil have been much discussed today, mainly for causing deforestation, soil degradation, decrease of biodiversity and increased emission of greenhouse gases, influencing the climate change. The agricultural activity, however, is important for the Brazilian economy as it is a great generator of employment and income. Thus, it is necessary that the Brazilian government, through agricultural and environmental policies, gets to regulate the interaction between the environment and agricultural production in order to generate the greatest possible benefits to society not only from the economic but also from the environmental point of view. This work consists of three articles to contribute to this discussion. The first discussed the recent development of the public policies and policy instruments that act directly on the uses of private agricultural land: the Brazilian Forestry Code, the Rural Land Tax besides the latest public policies on payments for environmental services. It was concluded that little oversight undermines the effectiveness of policies and therefore does not lead to the expected behavior of producers. However, the policies of payments for environmental services and the creation of environmental reserve quota has great potential to influence attitudes towards producing more environmental responsibility. The second article discussed the changes in land use and the development of agricultural production in Brazil and each of the Brazilian biomes separately. It was observed that crops have expanded over the grazing areas and forests. Thus, it is necessary to increase the supervision and control of agricultural activities in order to direct the pressure to grazing areas, encouraging intensification of livestock production. Moreover, it is necessary to develop specific alternatives to the caatinga region, to improve agricultural production in this biome. The third and final article studied the main determinants of land use in Brazil and its biomes. A major influence of mechanization was identified in all land use and, for the sugar cane, the presence of industrial plants in the county also influenced its area. Still, in the model for Brazil, the dummies of biomes and the variables of altitude, rainfall and temperature had significant influence. Still, the area price elasticities calculated identified little influence of the prices on the areas planted, mainly related to grazing areas and forests. It was concluded that the results of the estimated model may not accurately reflect the pressures for changes in land uses and several improvements are suggested. Finally, it is concluded that an interdisciplinary approach is required to understand and properly deal with the changes of land use in Brazil.

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