This essay is a narratological character study of Loren. D Estleman’s novel SHERLOCK HOLMES VS DRACULA ​or the Adventure of the Sanguinary Count.​ The focus of this essay is how Sherlock and Dracula are characterised through Genette’s and Bal’s notions of focalization and description and how, through the additional incorporation of the concept of subtext, it unveils a dichotomy between the two literary figures. By further putting that relationship into historical context, it uncovers a symbolism which reflects imperial influence from the perceived decline of Britain as an empire, where Sherlock comes to symbolise England itself and Dracula an invading ‘other’. This suggests the existence of a covert reason for bringing these two famous (or infamous) characters together in a contemporary rendezvous novel.

A obra romanesca de Mia Couto é o objeto da investigação desta tese, ponto de partida para tentar compreender a contribuição do autor na afirmação do romance africano e na reconstrução da identidade de seu país, Moçambique. Para tanto, o estudo discute a importância da revelação de uma paisagem oculta ao leitor, de matriz cultural e complexo entendimento. O capítulo que traz esta análise mostra como a obra retrata as condições históricas e políticas de dominação, desigualdade, identificando aqui e lá um tom levemente engajado na escrita miacoutiana, tanto quanto suas posições ideológicas, suas denúncias. Entre os temas mais destacados na obra está o animismo africano que dá origem a uma série de circunstâncias sobrenaturais nos enredos, como uma lembrança constante: em África, os espíritos estão por toda a parte, mantendo intensa relação com os vivos. Em torno da questão, a tese discute o fato de parte da crítica classificar a obra por gêneros como o Realismo Mágico, o Maravilhoso e o Fantástico. Também são investigadas as estratégias narrativas deste autor, suas opções regulares na composição de enredos, personagens, nomes de personagens e epígrafes. Com base nessas marcas e em outros traços comuns a todos os seus romances talvez presentes igualmente em seus contos descobre-se a adequação entre a criação de um sistema de pensamento dicotômico, que atravessa a obra, e estruturas frasais que revelam algo significativo: os romances de Mia Couto são propositivos, especialmente quando convidam o leitor ao movimento constante de questionamento de suas próprias certezas / Mia Coutos romanesque work is the inquiry object of this thesis, trying to comprehend the authors contribution in the assertion of the African novel and in the reconstruction of the identity of his country, Mozambique. In order to do this, the study discusses the importance of revealing an occult landscape to the reader, its cultural origin and complex understanding. The chapter that brings this analysis shows how the work reflects the historical and political conditions of domination, social differences, identifying occasionally a slightly engaged accent in Mia Coutos writing, as much as his ideological position and denouncement. Among the detached subjects in the work is African animism, which originates several supernatural circumstances in the plot, as a constant remembrance: in Africa, spirits are everywhere, keeping intense relationship with the people. Around this issue, the thesis discusses the fact that part of the critics classify the work in genres such as the Magical Realism, the Marvellous and the Fantastic. Also the narrative strategies of this author are investigated, as his regular options in the creation of the plots, characters, names of characters and epigraphs. Based on these marks and in other common traces to all his novels perhaps equally present in his short stories we find adequacy between the dichotomic thought system, through the work, and the phrasings that reveal something significant: Mia Coutos novels are propositive, especially when they invite the reader to the constant movement of questioning their proper certainties

<p><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>The author Selma Lagerlöf was born in 1858 at Mårbacka, in Värmland and died in 1940. Fifty years after Selma´s death were her correspondence released and ten thousand of letters were found in the collection. But it was just the correspondence between Selma and Sofie Elkan who interested people because they wanted to know if Selma and Sofie have had a sexual relationship. Later, in time for Christmas 2008 the Swedish Television shows a film about Selma. "Selma Lagerlöf Society" was critical to the movie and thougt that the movie focused too much on Selma`s sexual orientation. This situation aroused a curiosity and a desire to find out why the film was perceived in this way. The purpose of this work is to show how the producer uses gender constructions to show that Selma was a lesbian and for that reason a thematic analysis was made from a social constructionist perspective. Different themes about gender constructions emerge in the analysis, and those themes are presented together with feminist theorist as Judith Butler, Yvonne Hirdman and Simone De Beauvoir. The discussion is about the presentation and how this can be perceived, but also about the reasons they might have had in mind when they made the presentation that way.</p></strong></p> / <p>Författarinnan Selma Lagerlöf föddes 20 november 1858, på Mårbacka i Värmland, och dog 16 mars 1940. Femtio år senare släpptes Selmas korrespondens fri. Tiotusentals brev fanns i denna brevsamling men det var endast brevväxlingen mellan Selma och Sofie Elkan som ansågs intressant. Detta på grund av att man ville veta om Selma och Sofie hade en sexuell relation eller inte. Senare lagom till julhelgen 2008 visar Sveriges Television en film i två delar, som handlar om Selma. Bland annat Selma Lagerlöf sällskapet ställde sig kritisk till filmen och menade att man fokuserat för mycket på Selmas sexualitet i filmen. Detta väckte en nyfikenhet och en önskan hos mig, att ta reda på varför filmen uppfattades på detta sätt. Syftet med detta arbete är att visa på hur man i framställningen har använt sig av könskonstruktioner för att visa att Selma var lesbisk Av denna anledning har det gjorts en tematisk analys ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv med utgångspunkt i filmens innehåll . Under analys har olika teman framträtt som på något sätt handlar om könskonstruktioner. Dessa teman presenteras i analysdelen tillsammans med feministisk teorier av bland annat Judith Butler, Yvonne Hirdman och Simone De Beauvoir. I diskussionen behandlas det hur framställningen kan uppfattas och även vilka motiv man kan tänkas ha haft i åtanke när man gjort framställningen på detta sätt.</p>

Abstract The author Selma Lagerlöf was born in 1858 at Mårbacka, in Värmland and died in 1940. Fifty years after Selma´s death were her correspondence released and ten thousand of letters were found in the collection. But it was just the correspondence between Selma and Sofie Elkan who interested people because they wanted to know if Selma and Sofie have had a sexual relationship. Later, in time for Christmas 2008 the Swedish Television shows a film about Selma. "Selma Lagerlöf Society" was critical to the movie and thougt that the movie focused too much on Selma`s sexual orientation. This situation aroused a curiosity and a desire to find out why the film was perceived in this way. The purpose of this work is to show how the producer uses gender constructions to show that Selma was a lesbian and for that reason a thematic analysis was made from a social constructionist perspective. Different themes about gender constructions emerge in the analysis, and those themes are presented together with feminist theorist as Judith Butler, Yvonne Hirdman and Simone De Beauvoir. The discussion is about the presentation and how this can be perceived, but also about the reasons they might have had in mind when they made the presentation that way. / Författarinnan Selma Lagerlöf föddes 20 november 1858, på Mårbacka i Värmland, och dog 16 mars 1940. Femtio år senare släpptes Selmas korrespondens fri. Tiotusentals brev fanns i denna brevsamling men det var endast brevväxlingen mellan Selma och Sofie Elkan som ansågs intressant. Detta på grund av att man ville veta om Selma och Sofie hade en sexuell relation eller inte. Senare lagom till julhelgen 2008 visar Sveriges Television en film i två delar, som handlar om Selma. Bland annat Selma Lagerlöf sällskapet ställde sig kritisk till filmen och menade att man fokuserat för mycket på Selmas sexualitet i filmen. Detta väckte en nyfikenhet och en önskan hos mig, att ta reda på varför filmen uppfattades på detta sätt. Syftet med detta arbete är att visa på hur man i framställningen har använt sig av könskonstruktioner för att visa att Selma var lesbisk Av denna anledning har det gjorts en tematisk analys ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv med utgångspunkt i filmens innehåll . Under analys har olika teman framträtt som på något sätt handlar om könskonstruktioner. Dessa teman presenteras i analysdelen tillsammans med feministisk teorier av bland annat Judith Butler, Yvonne Hirdman och Simone De Beauvoir. I diskussionen behandlas det hur framställningen kan uppfattas och även vilka motiv man kan tänkas ha haft i åtanke när man gjort framställningen på detta sätt.

This thesis compares philosophers Ken Wilber (Integralism) and Leonard Peikoff (Objectivism), who argue that Western philosophy is saturated with a fallacious mind/body dichotomy, which they trace historically and psychologically. Wilber’s and Peikoff’s agendas, worldviews and starting points are contrasted, specifically, Wilber’s holons, Kosmos model, the Big Three Value Spheres and Peikoff’s metaphysical axioms. Their definitions of consciousness are reviewed, along with their mutual epistemological emphasis on knowledge as contextual. Wilber makes mystical validity claims supported by stages of cognitive development. Discussed attributes of the mind/body dualism are: regression and repression; control versus chaos; hedonism, uniformity and authoritarianism; Subjectivism and Intrinsicism; Ego-agency versus Eco-communion. Both philosophers maintain that each partial strategy collapses into the dysfunctions of the opposite strategy. Their respective models of resolution through integration are presented in conclusion, particularly Wilber’s case for nondual Self-realization.

This thesis analyzes the debate revolving around the concept of civil society in Turkey with reference to academic literature. It argues that despite the seeming variety of approaches to the concept of civil society, there is an underlying commonality among the widespread usages of the concept. These seemingly different approaches in the end become the versions of the same hegemonic view. This, in turn, causes a vicious circle in the civil society debate in Turkey. The basis upon which this hegemonic view is built are the central premises of the liberal idea of civil society. With its constant reference to the strong state-weak civil society dichotomy / to the &lsquo / ideal&rsquo / of civil society as a checking mechanism over the state / and to a particular understanding of pluralism without antagonism and with an emphasis on consensus, this view underlies the majority of scholarly works in Turkey. However, important aspects of civil society are ignored by this hegemonic position. In order to render the concept of civil society a useful analytical tool there is a need to underline that state and civil society do not exist as distinct entities and that the relations characterizing civil society are not characterized by the liberal idea of harmonious pluralism but by uneven power relations resulting in inequalities as well as marginalization, exclusion, and silencing of some in the society. Thus, the Marxist conception of civil society can open the gate for a more fruitful usage of the concept of civil society for socio-political analysis.

Purpose- The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyse the dichotomy between west and east and how this is seen in the following two libraries; Library of Congress (LC) and Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA). I want to analyze if the portrait of east, as slow and hostile, and of west, as welcoming and forward, and how this, if at all, is actually seen in LC and BA. The presence and use of patriotism and nationalism in libraries is also examined. I asked myself the following questions: 1) How do LC and BA present themselves on their websites and how does this correspond to the dichotomy?, 2) How do LC and BA relate to patriotism on their websites?, and 3) Can one see what, if anything, LC and BA say about each other and how does this correspond to the dichotomy? These are questions that libraries world-wide might gain from to ponder, how and why, a western norm is almost always seen as superior to an eastern option.   Method- The approach was norm critical analysis of LC and BA’s websites. The method used was comparative text and image studies combined with netnography. Benedict Andersons and Jürgen Habermas’ theories about patriotism and nationalism was used, as well as Edward Saids Orient perspective. Andersons’ idea of an imagined community was also central.   Key Findings- The analysis shows that the dichotomy is actually the other way round, BA are the modern and welcoming ones, while LC are more traditional by way of expressing themselves. The dichotomy is also in some cases even very misleading of how the East is interpreted by the West. The conclusion is three major findings, 1) BA want to create and share knowledge both with each other and with the world as a whole, whilst LC is more about gathering knowledge and keeping this in the library for the sake of the United States welfare, 2) LC speak of themsleves as modern and of BA as ancient just as the dichotomy often display the two of them, but this is not a correct statement; BA has, for instance, modern western superheroes displayed on their website for children, while LC, on the other hand, has heroes such as the late American president Abraham Lincoln and American veterans on display for children (in other words, mostly an American perspective that one might find difficult to relate to if being a non-american citizen, while BA is more global with well-known cartoon figures), and lastly, 3) LC displays patriotism through stories of war by having a prominent section dedicated to American veterans on their website, while BA speaks more of a patriotism through a proud cultural heritage.   Originality/value- This kind of study had not been done before in LIS research.   Paper type- This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science (LIS) in Archive, Library and Museums studies

Modernity as a philosophical and intellectual movement has cultivated a perspective of humanity as separated from nature. In modernity, nature is valuable only insofar as it has instrumental value (i.e. that it may be utilized for the benefit of humanity). This study postulates that such an approach to the nature-human relationship may have led to considerable environmental damage and misuse, and that the perspective of humanity as separate from nature should be re-evaluated. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin‟s philosophy is investigated as a possible means to overcome this dichotomy. De Chardin describes varying ontologies that are embedded in the evolutionary process and against which all human relevance and action must be sketched. This differs from an evolutionistic approach, because whilst engaging with scientific discourse (which tends to be reductionist in approach), De Chardin also incorporates spiritual and religious ideas and perspectives. Furthermore, De Chardin‟s ideas differ from vague pantheism, irrationally or mystically formulated, because he engages with the terminology used in modern science and re-evaluates this terminology‟s application and conclusions in relation to his newly developed cosmology (or cosmogenesis). Several questions are central in this study: Firstly, could De Chardin‟s approach be incorporated into the natural scientific discourse? Secondly, does De Chardin‟s cosmology provide new avenues for investigation into a closer and more sustainable relationship between humanity and the natural world? In this study it is postulated that De Chardin does make a contribution to a more sustainable relationship between nature and humanity through his perspective of a holistic ontology that differs from simple mysticism and his postulation of the noosphere, which leads to a new evaluation of humanity‟s technology use. / MPhil, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Modernity as a philosophical and intellectual movement has cultivated a perspective of humanity as separated from nature. In modernity, nature is valuable only insofar as it has instrumental value (i.e. that it may be utilized for the benefit of humanity). This study postulates that such an approach to the nature-human relationship may have led to considerable environmental damage and misuse, and that the perspective of humanity as separate from nature should be re-evaluated. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin‟s philosophy is investigated as a possible means to overcome this dichotomy. De Chardin describes varying ontologies that are embedded in the evolutionary process and against which all human relevance and action must be sketched. This differs from an evolutionistic approach, because whilst engaging with scientific discourse (which tends to be reductionist in approach), De Chardin also incorporates spiritual and religious ideas and perspectives. Furthermore, De Chardin‟s ideas differ from vague pantheism, irrationally or mystically formulated, because he engages with the terminology used in modern science and re-evaluates this terminology‟s application and conclusions in relation to his newly developed cosmology (or cosmogenesis). Several questions are central in this study: Firstly, could De Chardin‟s approach be incorporated into the natural scientific discourse? Secondly, does De Chardin‟s cosmology provide new avenues for investigation into a closer and more sustainable relationship between humanity and the natural world? In this study it is postulated that De Chardin does make a contribution to a more sustainable relationship between nature and humanity through his perspective of a holistic ontology that differs from simple mysticism and his postulation of the noosphere, which leads to a new evaluation of humanity‟s technology use. / MPhil, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Bakgrund: Genus avser den socialt konstruerade delen av att vara kvinna, man, flicka eller pojke. Det handlar om hur människor samspelar med varandra, hur vi tänker om kvinnligt och manligt och vilka normer och värderingar vi har. Inom vårdvetenskaplig forskning har genusperspektiv inte funnits med i någon större utsträckning trots att det finns statistik som visar att det finns skillnader mellan kvinnor och män på en rad områden inte minst vad gäller sjuksköterskans arbetsområde och patienters upplevelse av att vara patient. Ett genusperspektiv skulle därför i likhet med kulturell känslighet kunna bidra till en personcentrerad vård. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur genusrelaterade aspekter med relevans för relationen mellan sjuksköterskor och relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient beskrivs i vårdvetenskaplig forskning. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har gjorts enligt Friberg (2012). Resultatet är baserat på tio vetenskapliga studier. Studiernas resultat har delats in i teman efter de likheter som hittades. Resultat: Kön, ålder, hur sjuk/graden av beroende hos patienten, hur man tänker kring vad som är manligt och kvinnligt samt bilden av sjuksköterskan påverkade upplevelsen av intimomvårdnad och vilka arbetsuppgifter som uppfattades som passade för kvinnor och män samt hur patienten upplevde vården. Diskussion: Genus påverkar i hög utsträckning hur individer beter sig mot varandra, vilka förväntningar de har på varandra och hur de värderar varandras arbete. Detta påverkar i sin tur relationerna mellan individerna. Resultatet relateras till Hildegard E. Peplaus teori om mellanmänskliga relationer i omvårdnad. / Background: Gender intends to describe the socially constructed part of being a woman, man, girl or boy. It discusses how individuals interact with each other, how we understand femininity and masculinity and what set of norms and values we have. There has not been much room for a gender perspective in healthscience even tough statistics show that there are several differences between women and men not least when it comes to the field of nursing profession and patients experiences of being a patient. Much like cultural sensitivity, a gender perspective could contribute to a more person centered care. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to explore how gender related aspects relevant to the relationsship between nurses and the relationship between nurse and patient is described in healthscience. Methods: A litteraturereview has been done according to the method proposed by Friberg (2012). The result is based on ten scientific studies. The studies has been seperated into themes based on the similarities that were found. Results: Sex, age, how sick/the degree of dependence of the patient, the thoughts about what is masculine and what is feminine and the image of the nurse affected the experience of intimate care and what job assignments that were seen as appropriate for women and men and also how the patient experienced the care that he or she recieved. Discussion: Gender affects the way individuals act towards each other, their expectations on each other and how they value each others work. This affects the relationship between individuals. The result is related to Hildegard E. Peplaus theory about interpersonal relations in nursing.