Submitted by Michel Gustavo Fontes null (michelfontes2002@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-17T20:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 8 - TeseCompleta.pdf: 2912113 bytes, checksum: 8074e31d0870aad87ba4095a5f3646e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-19T19:20:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fontes_mg_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2912113 bytes, checksum: 8074e31d0870aad87ba4095a5f3646e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-19T19:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fontes_mg_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2912113 bytes, checksum: 8074e31d0870aad87ba4095a5f3646e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese, ao investigar a distinção léxico-gramática no âmbito do modelo da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (doravante GDF), de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), objetiva reunir, num diálogo entre os princípios da gramaticalização e os da GDF, mecanismos que permitam uma abordagem, dentro desse modelo, da gradualidade entre léxico e gramática. Encaram-se, assim, duas frentes de investigação: (i) caracterizar a multifuncionalidade de ainda no português, e (ii) descrever a natureza composicional, a funcionalidade comunicativa e o estatuto categorial das formas perifrásticas com ainda, no caso ainda assim, ainda bem, ainda mais e ainda que. Em relação a (i), dois mecanismos se mostram pertinentes para a descrição dos diferentes usos de ainda: (a) a determinação das diferentes relações de escopo que ainda pode instaurar a depender de seu uso; e (b) a avaliação dos diferentes estatutos categoriais de ainda enquanto primitivo da formulação. Esta tese distingue, então, quatro usos de ainda, que se dispõem ao longo de um contínuo entre léxico e gramática e que evidenciam um processo de gramaticalização, que, à luz da GDF (cf. HENGEVELD, no prelo; DALL’AGLIO-HATTNHER; HENGEVELD, 2016), caracteriza-se por uma mudança de conteúdo e por uma mudança formal. Em relação a (ii), esta tese defende que as formas perifrásticas com ainda ocupam diferentes posições no cline de lexicalidade/gramaticalidade (cf. BRINTON; TRAUGOTT, 2005). Isso aponta para dois processos de mudança linguística envolvidos em sua emergência, lexicalização e gramaticalização, que, à luz da GDF, implicam não só um aumento nas relações de escopo ou uma mudança categorial, mas também um percurso do tipo relação núcleo-dependente > primitivo, que dá conta da representação do processo de fixação na emergência dessas formas via lexicalização ou gramaticalização. / This study investigates the lexical-grammatical distinction in Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). Our point of departure is the interface between grammaticalization principles and the FDG model that allows representing the gradience between Lexicon and Grammar within this model. This requires a twofold analysis: (i) one that accounts for the multi-functions of ainda in Portuguese; and (ii) another one that describes the compositional nature, the functions, and the categorial status of derived forms of ainda, such as ainda assim, ainda bem, ainda mais e ainda que. In relation to (i), two mechanisms are relevant for the description of the different uses of ainda: (a) the determination of the different scope relations that ainda may obtain, and (b) the evaluation of ainda’s different categorial status as a primitive of formulation. Therefore, this thesis distinguishes four different uses of ainda, which are arranged in a continuum between Lexicon and Grammar and reveal that a grammaticalization process in a FDG approach is characterized by contentive and formal change (cf. Hengeveld, approved for publication; Dall’Aglio-Hattnher; Hengeveld, 2016). Regarding (ii), this study argues that the derived forms of ainda occupy different positions within the lexicality/grammaticality cline (cf. Brinton; Traugott, 2005). This shows that there are two processes of linguistic change responsible for their emergence: lexicalization and grammaticalization. From a FDG standpoint, both processes imply not only an increase in their scope relations or a categorial change, but also predict a path from a nucleus-dependent relation to a primitive, as a way of representing the fixing process in the appearance of periphrastic forms by lexicalization or grammaticalization.

The proposed study aims to investigate the effects of culture and mass media images of female bodies in an active or static pose on mood, body idealization, and body dissatisfaction. Participants included female students with Chinese heritage culture (age M =21.26, SD =2.5) and 130 female students who identified with American heritage culture (age M =20.82, SD =1.2). Participants filled out an online survey distributed through Qualtrics, which includes a pre-and-post negative affect and body satisfaction measure. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, viewing posing models, models in active poses, or scenery images. Consistent with previous findings, the current study results showed a main effect of body conceptualization on participants’ body dissatisfaction and choice of ideal body image. Viewing pictures of models either in static or active poses led to significant increase in body dissatisfaction and increased the likelihood of choosing skinnier ideal body image as compared to the control condition. However, there was no main effect of culture and interaction between culture and body conceptualization. Future research is needed to explore other variables that might moderate the association between body conceptualization and participants’ psychological outcomes after exposing to body ideals in mass media presentations.

A obra romanesca de Mia Couto é o objeto da investigação desta tese, ponto de partida para tentar compreender a contribuição do autor na afirmação do romance africano e na reconstrução da identidade de seu país, Moçambique. Para tanto, o estudo discute a importância da revelação de uma paisagem oculta ao leitor, de matriz cultural e complexo entendimento. O capítulo que traz esta análise mostra como a obra retrata as condições históricas e políticas de dominação, desigualdade, identificando aqui e lá um tom levemente engajado na escrita miacoutiana, tanto quanto suas posições ideológicas, suas denúncias. Entre os temas mais destacados na obra está o animismo africano que dá origem a uma série de circunstâncias sobrenaturais nos enredos, como uma lembrança constante: em África, os espíritos estão por toda a parte, mantendo intensa relação com os vivos. Em torno da questão, a tese discute o fato de parte da crítica classificar a obra por gêneros como o Realismo Mágico, o Maravilhoso e o Fantástico. Também são investigadas as estratégias narrativas deste autor, suas opções regulares na composição de enredos, personagens, nomes de personagens e epígrafes. Com base nessas marcas e em outros traços comuns a todos os seus romances talvez presentes igualmente em seus contos descobre-se a adequação entre a criação de um sistema de pensamento dicotômico, que atravessa a obra, e estruturas frasais que revelam algo significativo: os romances de Mia Couto são propositivos, especialmente quando convidam o leitor ao movimento constante de questionamento de suas próprias certezas / Mia Coutos romanesque work is the inquiry object of this thesis, trying to comprehend the authors contribution in the assertion of the African novel and in the reconstruction of the identity of his country, Mozambique. In order to do this, the study discusses the importance of revealing an occult landscape to the reader, its cultural origin and complex understanding. The chapter that brings this analysis shows how the work reflects the historical and political conditions of domination, social differences, identifying occasionally a slightly engaged accent in Mia Coutos writing, as much as his ideological position and denouncement. Among the detached subjects in the work is African animism, which originates several supernatural circumstances in the plot, as a constant remembrance: in Africa, spirits are everywhere, keeping intense relationship with the people. Around this issue, the thesis discusses the fact that part of the critics classify the work in genres such as the Magical Realism, the Marvellous and the Fantastic. Also the narrative strategies of this author are investigated, as his regular options in the creation of the plots, characters, names of characters and epigraphs. Based on these marks and in other common traces to all his novels perhaps equally present in his short stories we find adequacy between the dichotomic thought system, through the work, and the phrasings that reveal something significant: Mia Coutos novels are propositive, especially when they invite the reader to the constant movement of questioning their proper certainties

Tore Andersson Hjulman: One with Nature: An Inquiry into the Renegotiation of Nature in the Conflicts between Nature Preservation and Sámi Rights during the Interwar Period.[Ett med naturen: En studie av hur naturen omförhandlades i mellankrigstidens konflikter mellan naturskydd och samiska rättigheter.] PhD dissertation in Swedish, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden 2017. In 1909 the Swedish national parks law was adopted with the assumption that theSámi people living in the areas to be preserved were, in principle, one with nature. Therefore the perception of their land as pristine was consolidated and they could be excepted from park regulations. About thirty years later the national park administration stated that the aim to keep the national park nature untouched would fail without a restriction of Sámi rights within the parks. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the distinction of nature from culture was renegotiated during the conflicts that preceded and followed this new stance. Tracing the impulses that fostered the reactions of the state administration back to their original contexts, complex interactions of differing interests are revealed. These contexts are examined in three case studies. The first case centers on nomad school superintendent Erik Bergström and his warning of the effects on the national parks from reindeer herders activities. The intersection of nature preservation and Sámi politics sheds light on their common outset in the use of the nature-culture dichotomy in approaching the Sámi. This contributes to explain the resistance by which the interest of change was met by those invested in the prevailing state policy towards the Sámi.The second case concerns a conflict of Sámi land use in the Abisko national park by the early 1930s. Several factors that possibly induced state officials to react on Sámi fishing and hunting in the national park are illuminated. These include different understanding of nature preservation, the moral ecology among the Sámi and antagonism between Sámi reindeer herders and inhabitants in the railway towns.The third case involves concerns raised in the process of establishing a new national park in the Muttos/Muddus area. A shift in focus from mountainous to forest landscapes among nature preservationists resulted in the inclusion of new stakeholders and fields of knowledge about land use and its effects. This seems to have spurred problematizing of both the ideal of pristine nature and of Sámi land use. A conflict was triggered by the in-migration of two reindeer herding families.In conclusion, it will be argued that it was a series of quite contextually different conflicts that interacted to undermine the institutionalized demarcation of nature. This simultaneously challenged Sámi rights in the national parks and took place in ideological opposition to the foundation of segregationist Sámi policy. / Nature Preservation and Indigenous Rights

The diploma thesis deals with topic of political-administrative relations in Czech Republic only a little elaborated. The main aim of the thesis is to understand and find characteristic features of political-administrative relations in the region with the smallest and largest fluctuation of the regional political leader in Czech Republic. The work in research exploits the information from the previous knowledge and the already established theory of politico-administrative relations, which are significantly differentiated and varied and also offers data from its own empirical research carried out at the regional offices. After the theories of J. D. Aberbach et al., F. Schreues et al., G. Peters and especially the main theory of P. E. Mouritzen and J. H. Svara are presented, the author presents the findings of the qualitative research in the last chapter and tries to include them into these theories and typologies, and to specify the nature of the relations examined at the regional level and to draw attention to their possible influences and consequences on the functioning of regional polity.

(in English): Aim of present paper is to reconstruct and compare Aristotle's solution of Zeno's paradoxes of motion from Books VI and VIII of his Physics. Aristotle claims that there is difference between these two solutions. There is difference in charakter of question which is posed by Zeno. In book VI. the question is concerning the possibility of traversing infinite distance in finite time. In book VIII. this question is asked about time itself. It is here, in book VIII, where we should find the right solution to paradoxes of motion. In this paper I shall look into the nature of this difference between solution in book six and in book VIII, and I will find out if there si some consquence for Aristotle's conception of magnitudes.

This dissertation critiques the nature-culture divide by examining the relationships between binaries in postcolonial wildlife research in Tanzania. I focus on the work of wildlife scientists, particularly scientists from Tanzania, who work in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park (SNP). Tanzanian scientists and their foreign counterparts are addressing the theoretical challenges of incorporating park neighbors into ecosystems shaped by the colonial inheritance of national parks as non-human places. I make three broad analytical moves in this endeavor. First, I develop a multi-dimensional method to compare the development of a people-park binary in the Serengeti context by analyzing ethnography, conservation science, and recent scientific debate on a proposed road through the northern part of SNP. Second, I explore connections between the people-park binary and other binaries in the broader Serengeti context using text analysis and ethnographic methods based on eighteen months of fieldwork. Last, I develop a future plan for theoretical and applied research that explores how and why binaries may or may not change concurrently. I conclude that the people-park binary is weakening through the process of “dilation:” a multi-dimensional and reversible process of change during which the borders, substance, and connectivity of dichotomized categories become less rigid. In the broader effort to understand how the people-park binary is dilating, I explore the preliminary conclusion that other binaries (visual-verbal, Tanzanian-foreign, women-men, Kiswahili-English, insect-charismatic wildlife) are also shifting as conservation science becomes more diverse. I propose future research to investigate inter-binary relationships as linked through thematic meaning, conceptual processes, and structural context. This research demonstrates that scientists are using multiple binaries and contexts to conceptually reimagine the colonial legacy of conservation. In essence, their work asks: can the park boundary be maintained as the detrimental social boundaries (national, gender, language, and, perhaps, discipline) that have been historically embedded in the park boundary are transformed? Through intellectual confrontations with dichotomies, knowledge production and reality-making in Africa can be understood as both universally and locally applicable.

In this project I have worked with strategies at regional level, as well as with alterations to an existing building, to strengthen and celebrate rural systems in a place called Naum, in Vara municipality in Västergötland. This I've donein order to challenge the dichotomy of urban and rural. I find that urbanity is very often celebrated in the architectural discipline, and in the public debate in general. There is a strong hierarchy of spaces in the national discourse of Sweden. By focusing on a rural space that I perceive have low status and connect it to networks that reach out to other spaces, cities, and regions, I treat the urban and rural as a continuous variation rather than a fixed binary. The binary is also challenged already by people constantly moving across this scale. Most of the residents of Naum, mapped out herecommute to Vara Town, or other adjacent towns or cities to work, to go school, to go the doctor, take part in cultural events etc. This project focus on the power of rural networks, on movement, and on rural systems of cooperation, and then I am making a number of alterations at a zoomed-in scale, to offer the inhabitants a more intimate relationship to this agricultural landscape. My project operate both at the intimate scale of an existing bygdegård, which is a specifically rural community space, in Naum, as well as on the larger scale of Vara municipality.To the bygdegård I propose three small scale alterations, a sauna called the 'Storytelling Sauna' (SECTION S S) an overnight stay shelter called the 'Please Stay',and an imaginative element of a 'Wisching-Well-Ditch”. In the larger scale I propose a strategic alteration to the treatment of roadsides, to increase biodiversity and human movement. I call this alteration the 'Thriving Passages'. The project also consist of this room-installation that we are all inside of, that aim to represent the different scales and allow us to move across them, and it consists of mappings of bygdegårds in Vara municipality and in Sweden and how they are connected by human movement, as well as mappings of historical and agricultural layers of this landscape.

How the EU frames Russia before and after the Crimean annexation betters our understanding of the motives and incentives behind a securitized unanimity in EU energy policy and decarbonization given previous internal dissensus. Europe’s energy transition and security policy is contingent upon Russian relations, considering its gas dependency. Given the 2022 Ukrainian invasion, studying past rhetorical change instigated within the EU is relevant, using the 2014 annexation as a potential catalyst. Russian energy flows reaching the EU are decreasingly predictable since they pass through key transit states like Ukraine. An overview of recent EU-Russian normative trajectories becomes appropriate as the EU tackles an energy crisis and is interconnected with an unreliable energy provider. Complex interdependence is used to explain the EU’s framing of Russia in energy relations, where mutual dependence, vulnerability and sensitivity to policy change define the states’ well-being, as postulated by Keohane and Nye. Marco Siddi’s conflict-cooperation dichotomy on the Russian Other supplements the framing analysis. An abductive coding approach forms the methodology, where the chosen material may inform the codes, alongside conceptual themes generated beforehand. The frames are applied to EU-parliamentary policy briefings, commission frameworks and bilateral EU-Russian roadmaps spanning between 2011-2016 with three yielded frames: ‘Commercial ties and sunk costs’, ‘Jeopardized security order’, and ‘Fossil-bound authoritarianism’. These frames are divided into pre-and post-annexation sections. The outcome points to attitude shifts in the EU, from perceiving Russia as a Cooperative Other to an Antagonistic Other. This manifests itself within energy security realms and partly in decarbonization. All three frames imply an EU-Russian bilateral relationship entrenched with sunk costs and commitments—with ideological rifts widening in energy security where the EU frames Russia as a normative and contractual violator. The changed framing of Russia may thus help explain how EU energy policy experienced recent change.

This thesis explores in which ways the EUs border management agency Frontex was represented as a ‘humanitarian’ actor in the Swedish news media during Operation Triton 2014-2017 in the Central Mediterranean. It conducts a critical discourse analysis of Sweden’s largest newspaper Aftonbladet, using traditional and contemporary understandings of humanitarianism paired with saviour, villain, and victim narratives as a theoretical framework. The thesis concludes that such narratives were reproduced in the Swedish news media’s representation of the agency and when combined with the notion of ‘Swedish exceptionalism’, Frontex was especially portrayed as a humanitarian actor. Furthermore, the thesis argues that Frontex was considered a ‘discourse technologist’ within certain areas of the EUs border regime, and that Sweden’s humanitarian position in the EU was compromised during the 2015 refugee ‘crisis’. The research contributes to the field by concentrating explicitly on Frontex in the Swedish news media, which existing research is lacking.