Ett identifierat problem inom modebranschen idag är den mängd returer som utförs till följd av felbeställningar av kläder som är köpta online. Tre anledningar till felbeställningar som leder till returer är att konsumenterna inte kan prova plaggen innan köp, produktbilderna är missvisande, eller att storleks beskrivningen inte överensstämmer med verklig storlek. Denna studien undersöker om det finns ett samband mellan felbeställningar och att konsumenter inte fysiskt kan prova de kläder som de köper online. Vidare syftar denna studien till att undersöka om innovativ digital teknik kan bidra till en lösning av det identifierade problemet. Studien är utförd genom en blandad forskningsmetod där information kring tidigare forskning och ny data samlats in genom litteraturstudier, intervjuer och enkätundersökningar. Studien förstärker den initiala hypotesen att det i dagsläget finns väldigt lite forskning kring kopplingen Metaverse, e-handel och digital provning. Studien visar dock att det finns ett intresse från både konsumenter och producenter att lära sig mer om Metaverse och eventuellt implementera och använda tekniken i framtiden. För att detta ska ske behöver teknologin utvecklas och man behöver också göra stora ekonomiska insatser. / An identified problem in the fashion industry today is the amount of returns made due to incorrect orders for clothes purchased online. Three reasons for incorrect orders that lead to returns are that consumers can not try on the garments before buying, the product images are misleading, or the size description does not correspond to the actual size. This paper examines whether there is a link between wrong orders and whether consumers can not physically try on the clothes they buy online. Furthermore, this paper investigates whether innovative digital technology can contribute to a solution to the identified problem. The paper was carried out through a mixed research method where information about previous research and new data was collected through literature studies, interviews, and questionnaires. The paper strengthens the initial hypothesis that there is currently very little research on the Metaverse connection, e-commerce, and digital testing. However, the paper shows that consumers and producers are interested in learning more about Metaverse and possibly implementing and using the technology in the future. For this to happen, technology needs to be developed and great financial efforts also need to be made.

Digital innovation och digitala verktyg har stor påverkan på sättet som arbete utförs i dagens samhälle. Det påverkar både låg- och högutbildad arbetskraft, men olika arbetsroller blir påverkade på olika sätt. Denna kvalitativa studie har samlat in intervjuer från fondförvaltare till en fallstudie på tre svenska fondbolag. Dessa intervjuer har använts för att skapa en tematisk analys av hur fondförvaltarnas praktiker har förändrats när digitala verktyg implementeras. Studien visade att digitala verktyg på flera sätt har påverkat hur fondförvaltare jobbar, men till skillnad från många andra yrkesgrupper har de fondförvaltare som ingick i fallstudien god möjlighet att påverka de system som implementeras. De ansåg att digitala system var väldigt användbara, så länge det inte tog bort deras kontroll av fonderna. Detta var dock inget de var oroade över då utöver kontroll har de också ett lagligt ansvar för fonden vilket gör implementering av digitala verktyg som automatiserar fondförvaltning omöjligt i Sverige. Därav blir deras praktiker påverkade på ett positivt sätt, fondförvaltare ser positivt på digitala innovationer som underlättar de processer som tidigare varit tidskrävande och ger utrymme för fondförvaltare att spendera mer tid på den typ av arbete som kräver deras expertis. / Digital innovation and digital tools have a broad impact on the way that work is done in today's society. It impacts both low- and high skill labour but different professions get impacted in differing ways. This qualitative study has gathered interviews from fund managers to create a case study on three Swedish fund companies. These interviews have been used to create a thematic analysis of how fund managers' practices have changed when digital tools are implemented. The study showed that digital tools in many ways have impacted how fund managers work, but unlike many other professions the fund managers that were part of the case study believed they have a great impact on influencing what type of system is implemented. They felt that digital systems are very useful, as long as it does not impede on their control of the funds. However this was not a great concern of theirs as they felt they had legal security as the ones responsible for the funds, thus making digital tools that automate fund management impossible in Sweden. Therefore their practises are impacted in a positive way, the fund manager looks favourably on digital innovations that eases practices that used to take up more time and gives the fund managers space to spend more time doing the tasks that require their expertise.

<p>Several industries have been affected by digitalization over the last decade. Currently the world of printed media is experiencing numerous turbulent changes. Printed newspapers are increasing their presence online and starting to compete in digital channels. This makes for an interesting area of research. With this study we hope to create a greater understanding for how the newspaper industry is affected by digital technology. The theoretical framework of this study is based upon Christensen’s (2005) concept of disruptive technology as well as Yoo & Lyytinen et al. (2010) theories on digitalization and digital innovation. We conducted a case study at the local newspaper Alpha News. Five semi- structured interviews were performed with different employees with various distinct roles; all of them important to obtain an insight into the changes occurring at Alpha News. In our study we are able to identify several aspects of changes due to digitalization within Alpha News. The printed newspaper, for instance, faces a steady decline in subscription rates due to the readers increased reliance on digital alternatives for local news. Other shown effects of the digitalized business where also revealed. The pace of change, the use of technological aids, as well as the reader-relationship, all act as examples of these shown effects.</p>

Digitization of analogue everyday artifacts, i.e. when physical products are equipped with digital capabilities, has a profound impact on today’s society. Some examples of these digital innovations aimed at consumer markets are the “connected” car, the digitized television set, and in the near future, digitized IKEA furniture. Digital innovation provides endless opportunities for providing value adding products and services. However, in digital innovation there is a need to find new ways of organizing network activities, i.e. activities such as e.g. production and translation of knowledge and enrollment of actors. These activities need to embrace and build on the networked aspects and the complexity inherent to digital innovation. This requires network activities that can overcome challenges with the ambiguous and messy characteristics of digital innovation. In this thesis, I propose that the theoretical perspective of network orchestration can enlighten fruitful ways to address challenges that are encountered when organizing network activities in digital innovation. Inspired by practical challenges with digital innovation, as well as contemporary calls for research within IS, this thesis investigates: How can network activities be orchestrated in digital innovation? Two cases of digital innovation aimed at consumer markets are studied. The first case concerns the digitization of the newspaper. The second case regards the digitization of door locks. Literature about digital innovation is used to understand the context of the studied phenomenon. Furthermore, theories about network orchestration as well as activities in innovation are used as a theoretical framework to help answer the research question. The thesis is based on an interpretative perspective where a multi-method approach has been applied to address the research question. The contribution is divided into two different parts. The first part presents four categories of empirically derived network activities that address socio-technical challenges with organizing digital innovation. The second part is a proposed model detailing orchestration of network activities in digital innovation. The model is based around the four suggested categories of network activities: (1) Supporting flexible innovation networks, (2) Production and translation of layered architectural knowledge, (3) Addressing heterogeneous user communities, and (4) Harnessing generativity to leverage value. The categories of network activities can be viewed as building blocks for the orchestration process. By emphasizing both a proactive and a reactive way of orchestrating digital innovation, the model proposes a means for organizations to address the ambiguity and complexity of digital innovation.

After decades of digital developments, we are now entering a truly digital era. Digital information and communication technology has become a naturally embedded part ofthe designed environment we live in. Most parts of life are today pervaded by digital products and services. Evidence of such immersion can be noted in, for instance, media consumption. This development is gradually shaping and cultivating a media environment that is ubiquitous. Such ubiquity is manifested in media’s constant presence and thechanges in media consumption in the purview of digital innovation. Indeed, digital innovation is not only a shift in technology. It alters existing value networks and calls forrethinking existing value perceptions. While this disruptive change driven by digitizationcan be found in many industries, this thesis focuses on its impact on value networks in thenewspaper industry.The digitization of newspapers started with the introduction of the internet in the 90´sand soon emerged into new media innovations. While these new media innovations have not replaced existing media, they have been disruptive to newspaper value networks. Recently, the emergence of yet another digital innovation is specifically interesting whenstudying changes to value networks of the newspaper industry: the e-paper. This innovation (a screen technology very close to print on paper) exhibits inherent valuesthat make future replacement of print on paper a possibility. It is therefore regarded as avery promising technology in the newspaper industry. This thesis can be positioned at the intersection of the friction between forces to embarkon a new media trajectory and forces to hang on to the established structures andcontrol. The research question addressed in this thesis is: How are value networks of newspapers influenced by digital innovation? Addressing the research question, a multimethod approach was adopted to gain a broad understanding of how digital innovationinfluences value networks of newspapers. Drawing on digital innovation literature, the thesis presents a theoretical perspective with which to understand how digital innovation influences value networks. This perspective is instantiated as a model of value network configuration. The model emphasizes the multi-layered, dynamic, dialectic, and diametrical character of value networks in digital innovation. The model is offered as abasis and analytical tool to further explore value networks in digital innovation. This tool is useful for newspaper stakeholders when entering the digital era.

Several industries have been affected by digitalization over the last decade. Currently the world of printed media is experiencing numerous turbulent changes. Printed newspapers are increasing their presence online and starting to compete in digital channels. This makes for an interesting area of research. With this study we hope to create a greater understanding for how the newspaper industry is affected by digital technology. The theoretical framework of this study is based upon Christensen’s (2005) concept of disruptive technology as well as Yoo &amp; Lyytinen et al. (2010) theories on digitalization and digital innovation. We conducted a case study at the local newspaper Alpha News. Five semi- structured interviews were performed with different employees with various distinct roles; all of them important to obtain an insight into the changes occurring at Alpha News. In our study we are able to identify several aspects of changes due to digitalization within Alpha News. The printed newspaper, for instance, faces a steady decline in subscription rates due to the readers increased reliance on digital alternatives for local news. Other shown effects of the digitalized business where also revealed. The pace of change, the use of technological aids, as well as the reader-relationship, all act as examples of these shown effects.

E-democracy may promote influence in political processes. A new e-democratic tool in Sweden is the e-petition. This thesis studies to what extent the e-petition implementations by Swedish municipalities promote citizen influence in political processes and the relationship between variations in citizen influence and e-petition design features. Considering the dynamic nature of digital artefacts and characteristics of digital innovation the design could be diverse, which could impact influence. A quantitative study was conducted through e-mail surveys and review of municipal websites, ranked and compared in two influence groups. This study revealed that influence varied to a high extent, indicating three design features impacting influence. The e-petition promoted influence and a relationship between the influence and design features existed. Future research should investigate the digitalization of the e-petition and characteristics of digital innovation to understand the social and institutional contexts better. If not understood, the consequences may be that organizations are unable to adapt to new circumstances.

Digitalization is an important theme in Informatics research. Especially in today's digital society, people cannot live without the help of information technologies. The purpose of the study was to explore how the digitization process happened in the bicycle industry. The study was based on the background of bicycle-sharing system in Beijing and a qualitative methodology was followed. The findings show how bicycle-sharing system evolve step by step by applying advanced digital technologies. In the coming 5G era, organizations need to reconsider the situation of bicycle-sharing system and this research may give some references.

The objective of this exploratory thesis has been to study how leaders incorporate innovations into the business processes with the help of technical solutions and their competencies. The study takes into consideration the best practices of consulting companies, multinational manufacturing companies, and digitally creative consultant companies where leaders are able to bring innovation with the help of technical solutions. It deals with questions on what technical solutions help leaders to implement innovations, and also, what are the skills and competencies required by leaders to bring innovation with the help of digitalization. The findings of the research aim to develop a profound understanding on the concepts of leadership, innovation and also digitalization in the modern era. The thesis was carried out in light of semi- structured interviews, to understand the study areas, and proceed further with the data processing, empirical findings, analysis and conclusions. Owing to the rapid development in technologies, and the innovative ways of working, organisations lose their competitive advantages with the growing times if their leadership doesn’t evolve with the advancement that prevails. There has also been previous literature on how digitalization helps leadership to bring innovation and transformation within business organizations, however, there has been lack of studies and research gap to show that leadership has its extensive role to bring innovation within organizations with the help of digitalization and leadership competencies. Therefore, this master thesis worked to combine previous research on leadership, digitalization along with the modern insights based on empirical data. The research has used one qualitative method of semi-structured interview, revealing insightful findings on the data collected for our thesis. Moreover, this Master thesis will serve as a foundation for the future studies and research within the areas of leadership, innovation and digitalization.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur Chief Digital Officer (CDO) arbetar med digital transformation inom den offentliga sektorn. Den forskningsstrategi som har tillämpats i uppsatsen är fallstudie, eftersom att studiens syfte var att undersöka och analysera en specifik roll på djupet. Studien har en kvalitativ karaktär där en fenomenologisk ansats har applicerats då studien tar sin utgångspunkt från flera CDO:s erfarenheter och upplevelser. Studiens datainsamling har bestått av inhämtning av befintlig forskning från vetenskapliga källor och intervjuer. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem respondenter, som besitter rollen som CDO i en svensk kommun, för att samla in kvalitativ data som utgjorde studiens empiriska material. En av intervjuerna genomfördes med ett frågeformulär som skickades till respondenten via mail. De slutsatser som har kunnat dras utifrån studiens undersökning är att valet av en CDO till största del grundas i personens erfarenheter och delvis i kommunens behov av digital transformation. Det har konstaterats att det är till CDO:s fördel att placeras nära det högst beslutande organet inom kommunen samt att rollen som CDO innebär att agera förändringsledare. Rollens framtid, inom offentlig verksamhet, är oviss då det finns aspekter som pekar på både dess utveckling och avveckling. / The study aims to investigate how the role of the Chief Digital Officer (CDO) adapts the work with digital transformation in the public sector. The research strategy that has been applied in the thesis is case study, since the purpose of the study was to investigate and analyze a specific role. The study is qualitative in which a phenomenological approach has been applied since the study is based on several CDOs’ own experiences. The collection of data has been carried out by existing research from scientific sources and by collecting empirical material from the chosen respondents through semi-structured interviews. One of the interviews was conducted through a mail conversation. All the respondents possessed the role of a CDO in a Swedish municipality. The conclusion that can be made from the study is that the choice of the CDO is largely based on the person’s experiences and partly the municipality’s requirements for digital transformation. It has also been found that it is an advantage for the CDO to be placed close to the decision-maker in the municipality and the role implies to act as a change leader. The future of the role, in the public sector, is unpredictable as there are aspects that point to both its development and settlement.