Master thesis is devoted to the currently completed and running projects and initiatives focused on digital libraries in the Federal Republic of Germany. The initial chapters are a brief survey of the recently used termins. The second chapter deals with problematic of open access and its promotion. The third chapter concentrates on the German conception of the information policy and its main representatives: German Research Foundation (Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, http://www.dfg.de) and Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, http://www.bmbf.de) and connected operational programmes. The fourth chapter introduces the key initiatives in digital library area: The Information and Communication (Information und Kommunikation, IuK, http://www.iuk-initiative.org) and The German Initiative for Network Information (Die Deutsche Netzwerkinitiative, DINI, http://www.dini.de) and their role at the emergence of the digital library projects. The German particularity consisting in the process of certification of servers and its prerequisites are described in more details, too. The fifth chapter sketches the chronological line of development and aims to show some selected projects composed into integrated system: opening of electronic dissertations to...

This master thesis aims to examine how public libraries in Sweden are practically and ideologically equipped to deal with e-books, outside of the dominant distributor Elib. The study also aims to find out what’s required of the book market and the public libraries to make further progress in the question of e-books. In Sweden e-books are still representing only a small amount of all the library loans and an even smaller amount of the commercial book market. The methodological and theoretical ground for the thesis is Grounded Theory, and the survey is based on interviews with publishers, librarians and distributors. The conclusions of this thesis are that the public libraries lack resources to invest in e-books, and that they also lack in knowledge about the media and its readers. It also exposes that both internal and external collaboration efforts need to be further developed. In addition to this it also becomes clear that the libraries’ and publishers' digital presence is crucial in their efforts to reach out with literature to the readers. The findings above are closely interwoven with two conceptions of a more abstract kind. The first relates to the issue of the identity of the public library and the question of how they should manage their mission in a still developing digital world. The second concerns the issue of the value of the e-book vs. the value of the printed book. Both publishers and libraries still see the printed book as superior to the e-book, wherefore libraries are reluctant to invest in books that will not be a part of a traditional bookshelf collection. In order to work more actively with the development and further adapt to a future digital society, it is these factors that the book market and the public libraries must work on in order to reach out with literature to the readers. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum Studies.

Digitisation of Copyrighted Works The thesis deals with the issue of digitisation of copyrighted works. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive account of the digitisation phenomenon in relation to copyrighted works from the point of view of the Czech Copyright Act and to analyse two digitisation projects to identify practical issues and, if possible, solutions to these. The text is divided into five chapters, each of them dedicated to a different aspect of the topic presented. The first of the two introductory chapters focuses on the legal institute of copyrighted work as defined by the Copyright Act of the Czech Republic. The five subchapters analyse the concept of copyrighted work, examine legal fiction expanding the set of protected objects and specify the respective protected objects within the category of copyrighted works. The two subchapters comprising the following chapter study the phenomenon of digitisation from the factual point of view. The first subchapter describes the concept of digitisation, focusing on technical aspects, while the second one makes distinction between the digitisation and born-digital materials. The third chapter provides ground for merging the legal aspects of copyrighted works and the factual aspects of digitisation into the key issue of digitisation of...

Esta dissertação de mestrado se destina a analisar as bibliotecas digitais apresentando, de início, um breve retrospecto histórico e social sobre a importância do livro e o surgimento das bibliotecas como centros de armazenamento do conhecimento humano. Nesse sentido, serão apresentados os caminhos que levaram o mundo a viver atualmente a realidade da chamada sociedade da informação. Após a análise dos conceitos, características e funcionalidades das bibliotecas digitais, serão apresentados alguns exemplos de experiências concretas bem sucedidas nessa área para, em seguida, discutir os dois outros elementos que compõem esse trabalho: a busca pelo acesso à cultura e os limites a ele impostos pela proteção ao direito de autor. O objetivo final é colaborar com a busca de respostas que representem o equilíbrio entre o direito coletivo, representado pelo interesse social de livre acesso ao conhecimento e à cultura, e o interesse individual dos titulares de obras, protegido pelo direito de autor. / This masters dissertation aims to analyze the digital libraries presenting a brief history and social retrospect about the importance of the book and the creation of libraries as storage centers of human knowledge. In this sense, the paths that led the world to live the reality of the currently called information society will be presented. After analyzing the concepts, features and functionality of digital libraries, some examples of successful experiences in this area will be presented, and then discussion of two other elements of this work: the search for access to culture and the limits imposed on it by the protection of copyright. The ultimate goal is to collaborate with the search for answers that represent the balance between the collective right represented by the social interest of free access to knowledge and culture and the individual interests of the holder´s works protected by copyright.

Orientador: Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa Santos / Banca: Silvana Aparecida Barsotti Gregório Vidotti / Banca: Lídia Alvarenga / Resumo: A relevância tanto da Web quanto das bibliotecas digitais para os diversos ramos da ciência, tem impulsionado pesquisadores e comunidades científicas a buscar soluções de integração, intercâmbio e entendimento semântico sobre os conteúdos que nelas circulam. Verifica-se, no cenário atual, uma forte tendência para a disponibilização de conteúdos digitais e a falta de uso de padrões adequados para a representação e a descrição desses recursos em ambientes digitais, o que é apontado pela literatura como uma grande preocupação para a comunidade científica e focado neste trabalho enquanto problema da pesquisa. Nesse contexto, a proposição desta pesquisa é verificar na literatura científica a aplicabilidade e a funcionalidade das tecnologias e instrumentos disponíveis como padrões de representação e descrição de conteúdo e forma, no âmbito das bibliotecas digitais, com o objetivo de identificar e de caracterizar o uso e a aplicação do MarcOnt enquanto ferramenta para a construção de formas de representação da informação para bibliotecas digitais na atualidade, destacando-o como instrumento para descrição dos aspectos semânticos dos conteúdos digitais nestas ambiências. Como metodologia, o presente trabalho caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa de análise exploratória e descritiva do tema, com o qual é possível obter subsídios para um maior entendimento e compreensão mais detalhados do MarcOnt e as tecnologias que estão abarcadas no âmbito das bibliotecas digitais para a construção Web Semântica. Como resultado, procurou-se demonstrar a aplicação da ferramenta MarcOnt em um ambiente informacional específico, a Biblioteca Digital Semântica JeromeDL, para analisar nos fundamentos da Catalogação as formas de representação dos recursos informacionais. O que nos levou a definir categorias para análise futura do sistema em comparação com o padrão de metadados MARC21. / Abstract: The relevancy of not only the Web but also the digital libraries for the diverse branches of Science has stimulated researchers and scientific communities to search for integration solutions, interchange and semantic understanding about the contents that circulate in them. In the present scenary, a strong tendency is verified for the availability of digital contents and the lack of use of adequate patterns for the representation and description of those resources in digital environments, what is pointed by literature as a great concern for the scientific community and focused on this work as a problem of the research. In this context, the proposal of this research is to verify, in the scientific literature, the applicability and functionality of the technologies and instruments available as patterns of representation and description of content and form, in the ambit of digital libraries, with the objective of identifying and characterizing the use and the application of MarcOnt as a tool for the construction of forms of information representation for digital libraries at the present time, highlighting it as an instrument for describing the semantic aspects of the digital contents in these environments. As a methodology, the present work is characterized by being an exploratory and descriptive analysis of the subject, with which it is possible to obtain subsidies for a better and more detailed understanding and comprehension of MarcOnt and the technologies that are included in the ambit of digital libraries for the Semantic Web construction. As a result, it was attempted to demonstrate the application of the MarcOnt tool in a specific informational environment, the JeromeDL Semantic Digital Library, to analyze the fundamentals of Cataloguing the forms of representation of informational resources. That made us define the categories for the future analysis of the system comparing to the MARC21 metadata pattern. / Mestre

L'axe IL-12-IFN-γ joue un rôle important dans l'immunité anti-mycobactérienne. J'ai identifié et étudié une cohorte de 137 patients présentant un déficit autosomique récessif complet d'IL12RB1 qui code la sous-unité β1 des récepteurs de l'IL-12 et de l'IL-23. Ces patients sont issus de 101 familles provenant de 30 pays. Ils présentent une grande diversité génétique avec 52 allèles mutants différents. Le phénotype cellulaire avec un défaut complet de réponse à l'IL-12 est homogène chez tous les patients. Les phénotypes cliniques sont eux très hétérogènes allant de l'absence d'infection jusqu'au décès. Il s'agit en grande majorité d'infections mycobactériennes (BCG, mycobactéries environnementales et tuberculose) et/ou à salmonelles. La candidose est aussi retrouvée associée à ce défaut chez un grand nombre de patients. L'axe IL-23-IL-17 participe à la différentiation et à l'activation des lymphocytes T CD4+ dits de type Th17. les cytokines et les mécanismes contrôlant la différentiation de ces cellules sont peu connus. J'ai étudié le développement des lymphocytes producteurs d'IL-17 chez des patients porteurs de défauts génétiques affectant la voie du TGF-β (patients TGFBR1, TGFBR2 et TGFB1), de l'IL-1β (patients IRAK4 et MYD88), de l'IL-6 (patients STAT3) et de l'IL-23 (patients IL12B et IL12RB1). Pour cela, j'ai quantifié la production et la sécrétion d'IL-17 dans deux modèles expérimentaux ex vivo et in vitro. Les patients IL12B-/- et IL12RB1-/-, et de façon plus drastique les patients STAT3-/- présentent une diminution des lymphocytes producteurs d'IL-17, ce qui suggère l'importance de ces molécules dans la différentiation et l'expansion des cellules Th17 in vivo

Un repositorio institucional es un depósito de documentos digitales, cuyo propósito es gestionar, organizar, almacenar, preservar y difundir en acceso abierto la producción resultante de la actividades de una organización. La variedad de materiales que se alojará en un repositorio institucional dependerá de la política de contenidos que determine la propia institución; los contenidos, en principio, podrían mantenerse a perpetuidad y el repositorio ser implementado de modo tal de asegurarlo, pero este punto también dependerá de la política de preservación que la institución determine. El objetivo central de esta tesis es, entonces, proponer una metodología de evaluación para repositorios institucionales. Con esto se busca mejorar la calidad de los repositorios, así como la estandarización, ayudar a la interoperabilidad y obtener una mayor visibilidad de las producciones que una institución, en este caso educativa, guarda en un repositorio. Entre los objetivos específicos está el de asegurar la preservación de los contenidos del repositorio, de modo que siempre sea posible acceder a ellos y que éstos resulten legibles tanto para usuarios humanos como máquinas. Para lograrlo es necesario conocer el campo de actividad de estos repositorios, enmarcado por la Iniciativa de Acceso Abierto que definió sus alcances y funciones, y elaborar una correcta definición de ellos, para responder a las preguntas fundamentales: ¿qué es un repositorio? y ¿qué estructura y funciones lo caracterizan mejor? Con miras a responder tales interrogantes, se relevaron los modelos que a lo largo del tiempo han servido para representar un repositorio digital, elaborando una mirada crítica en cuanto a la utilidad de cada uno de ellos, y observando cuánto de las estructuras y funciones propuestas permanecen en los repositorios actuales. Se analizaron sus similitudes y diferencias, para identificar el modelo que mejor se ajustaba y para determinar la necesidad de contar con más de un modelo que representase el repositorio. Una vez elegido el modelo, se determinaron cuáles serían los parámetros de evaluación que interesaban a los objetivos planteados. Como objeto de estudio y experimentación se seleccionó el repositorio institucional central de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata —el Servicio de Difusión de la Creación Intelectual (SEDICI)—, anticipando que las conclusiones extraídas, en cuanto a líneas de acción para cumplir con los objetivos previstos, podrían ser extensibles a otros repositorios institucionales. Se realizó el relevamiento del estado de los objetos digitales del repositorio, para luego determinar las acciones a realizar, proponer cambios y delinear un plan a largo plazo vinculado al planeamiento de la preservación de los contenidos de modo de asegurar que los contenidos siempre estén disponibles y en una condición tal que permita la legibilidad por parte de los usuarios. Luego de cada análisis, se extrajeron algunas conclusiones y reflexiones breves. La tesis culmina con la exposición de las conclusiones generales y con los trabajos proyectados para el futuro, vinculados principalmente a la selección y migración a formatos más apropiados para la preservación, a la generación de nuevas tareas de validación de metadatos asociados a los contenidos y a la realización de un plan integral de preservación.

The purpose of this study was to examine the management of electronic information resources (EIRs) to enhance their long-term links preservation and access in the University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg (PMB) and Howard College campus libraries. The study investigated the strategies and policies used in managing EIRs, how the librarians overcome technological obsolescence, the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures used in the management of the EIRs and the competency of the librarians in electronic preservation. The significance of this study lay in its addressing of the issue of long-term links preservation of and access to EIRs that has not been addressed by previous studies. There is rapid growth in the creation and dissemination of EIRs which has emphasized the digital environment’s speed and ease of dissemination with little regard for its long-term preservation and access. The study population was 33 and it comprised the subject librarians, metadata librarians and electronic resources librarian of PMB and Howard College campus libraries of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Adopting a quantitative approach the research design was that of a survey and the research instrument was a self-administered questionnaire comprising both open and closed questions. A total of 28 librarians responded to the questionnaire giving a response rate of 84.8%. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results were presented in the form of figures and tables. The study was underpinned by the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model, which is being used widelyin the digital preservation community. The analysis of the findings revealed that there was an intermediate level of ICT knowledge and skill with regard to management of EIRs amongst the respondents and a need for training in EIRs management particularly with regards to metadata, migration, emulation, maintenances and bit preservation techniques.It was also revealed that the libraries were using the server’s hard drive to store the EIRs. The results also showed that there were an arguably high number of respondents ten (35.7%) who indicated that their libraries did not have anEIRs management policy. For those respondents who said that their libraries do have a policy, the vast majority indicated that the policy did provide guidelines for acquiring materials in electronic form and for transforming materials from print to electronic form. Recommendations emerging from the conclusion were made and suggestions for further research put forward. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

Atualmente, pesquisadores e acadêmicos têm beneficiado-se muito com o crescimento acelerado das tecnologias Web, pois os resultados de pesquisa podem ser publicados e acessados eletronicamente tão logo a mesma tenha sido realizada. Esta possibilidade é vantajosa na medida em que minimiza as barreiras de tempo e espaço associadas à publicação tradicional. Neste contexto, surgem as Bibliotecas Digitais como repositórios de dados que, além dos documentos digitais propriamente ditos, ou de apontadores para estes documentos, armazenam os metadados associados. Para permitir que diferentes Bibliotecas Digitais possam interoperar surgiu a Open Archives Initiative (OAI) e, para resolver a questão da padronização dos metadados utilizados pelos repositórios, foi criado o formato Dublin Core (DC). Por outro lado, a enorme quantidade de documentos digitais disponíveis na Web tem causado o fenômeno conhecido como “sobrecarga de informação”. Com o objetivo de suprir esta dificuldade, Sistemas de Recomendação têm sido propostos e desenvolvidos. Estes sistemas visam prover uma interface alternativa para tecnologias de filtragem e recuperação de informações, tendo como foco a predição daqueles itens ou partes da informação que o usuário acharia interessante e útil. Portanto, os Sistemas de Recomendação atuam baseados em personalização da informação sendo que as predições geralmente são realizadas utilizando-se um perfil de cada usuário. A personalização está relacionada com o modo pelo qual a informação e serviços podem ser ajustados às necessidades específicas de um usuário ou comunidade. Esta dissertação descreve um Sistema de Recomendação de artigos científicos, armazenados em bibliotecas digitais. Este sistema é dirigido à comunidade científica da área da Ciência da Computação. Tecnologicamente, o sistema proposto foi desenvolvido sob a perspectiva da Web Semântica, à medida que faz uso de suas tecnologias emergentes tais como: uso de metadados padrão para a descrição de documentos - Dublin Core, uso do padrão XML para a descrição do perfil do usuário - Currículo Lattes, e provedores de serviços e de dados (OAI) envolvidos no processo de geração das recomendações. Este trabalho ainda apresenta e discute alguns resultados de experimentos baseados em avaliações quantitativas e qualitativas de recomendações geradas pelo sistema. / Currently, researchers and academics have been benefited by the expressive growth of web technologies, due to the possibility of publishing and accessing research results as soon as they are achieved. This possibility is advantageous as it minimizes the time and space barriers that traditional publications present. In this context, Digital Libraries emerged as data repositories that, beyond digital documents or links to them, store associated metadata. To allow the interoperability among different Digital Libraries, the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) was defined and, to solve the problem of metadata standardization, the Dublin Core standard (DC) was created. On the other hand, the great amount of available digital documents in the Web has caused the phenomenon known as “information overload”. In order to avoid this difficulty, Recommender Systems have been proposed and developed. These systems intend to provide an alternative interface for information filtering and retrieval technologies, focusing on the prediction of items or information parts that are interesting and useful for the user. Therefore, Recommender Systems act based on information personalization, and the predictions are generally generated using each user’s profile. The personalization is related to the way the information and the provided services can be adjusted to the specific necessities of a user or community. This dissertation describes a Recommender System for scientific articles stored in digital libraries. This system is geared towards the Computer Science scientific community. Technologically, the proposed system was developed under the Semantic Web perspective, as it explores its emergent technologies such as: use of standard metadata for document description - Dublin Core, use of the XML standard for users’ profile description - Lattes Curriculum Vitae, and services and data providers (OAI) involved on the recommendations generation process. In addition, this work presents and discusses some experimental results; the experiments are based on quantitative and qualitative evaluations of recommendations generated by the system.

[pt] Este trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento de Bibliotecas Digitais de Learning Objects (LO-DLs), usando técnicas de Data Warehousing (DWing) e Data Mining (DMing). Através da abordagem de Data Warehousing pode-se correlacionar os passos principais desta técnica, que são Extração, Transformação, Carga e OLAP, com os principais serviços de Bibliotecas Tradicionais, que são Aquisição, Classificação por Assunto, Catalogação e Consulta/Análise, de forma que eles sejam processados automaticamente. Técnicas de Data Mining são incorporadas a alguns desses processos automatizando o desenvolvimento da biblioteca. Além de integrar múltiplas fontes de LOs, que estão armazenadas em diferentes SGBDs (Sistemas de Gerência de Banco de Dados) e catalogadas através de diferentes padrões de metadados, esta abordagem contribui para prover o usuário de uma maneira mais sofisticada de consulta ao acervo, mais abrangente que as usuais opções por título, autor e assunto, já que OLAP propicia acesso multidiimensional. Além disso, também contribui para melhorar a qualidade da biblioteca, uma vez que as técnicas OLAP e de Data Mining são usadas para analisar os LOs e os acessos aos mesmos. Uma atualização automática da biblioteca acontece quando há mudança no perfil do usuário. / [en] This work aims at the development of Learning Objects Digital Libraries (LO-DLs), using Data Warehousing (DWing) and Data Mining (DMining) techniques. By using the Data Warehousing approach, we will be able to correlate the main steps of this technique, which area Extraction, Transformation, Loading and OLAP, with the main services of a Traditional Library which are Acquisition, Subject Classification, Cataloging, and Searching, so that they will work in an automatic way. Data Mining techniques are incorporated in some of these processes automating the process of the development of the library. Besides integrating multiple LOs sources, which are stored in diverse DBMSs (Data Base Management Systems) and catalogued in different metadata languages, this approach contributes to providing the user with a sophisticated query to the library that is more comprehensive than the usual author, subject or title options, since OLAP allows multidimensional access. Furthermore it also contributes to the improvement of the library, since OLAP and data mining techniques are used to analyze LOs data and the access to them. An automatic refresh of the library is made when users´ profile changes.