Esta investigación se centra en analizar la interactividad dentro de la plataforma Twitch entre streamers y comunidades digitales, permitiendo una evolución audiovisual digital. Dicha investigación se realizará mediante metodología observacional, donde se usará como técnica guías observacionales con aspectos etnográficos digitales. Esto permitirá ver el futuro audiovisual, no sólo en el aspecto de creación de contenido, sino en la importancia de la interactividad en esta etapa de digitalización a la que pertenecemos. El artículo científico permitió describir e investigar la relación que se desarrolla entre estos emisores y receptores, permitiendo dar a conocer la popularidad de este medio digital. Será realizado mediante una investigación aplicada y participativa en dos casos de streamers. Se comprenderá al finalizar el artículo como las comunidades llegan a familiarizarse con un creador de contenido; cómo las comunidades favorecen dentro del ecosistema de Twitch a los streamers; y como estas comunidades pueden llegar a tener un desarrollo interpersonal convirtiéndose en prosumidores. También se adjuntará recomendaciones a futuro para investigaciones respecto a preguntas no resueltas. / This research focuses on analyzing the interactivity within the Twitch platform between streamers and digital communities, allowing a digital audiovisual evolution. This research will be carried out through observational methodology, where observational guides with digital ethnographic aspects will be used as a technique. This allowed us to see the audiovisual future, not only in the aspect of content creation, but also in the importance of interactivity in this stage of digitization to which we belong. The scientific article will describe and investigate the relationship that develops between these transmitters and receivers, allowing to publicize the popularity of this digital medium. It will be carried out through an applied and participatory research in two cases of streamers. It will be understood at the end of the article how communities become familiar with a content creator; how communities favor streamers within the Twitch ecosystem; and how these communities can develop interpersonally by becoming prosumers. Future recommendations for investigations regarding unresolved questions will also be attached. / Tesis

Con la llegada de las redes sociales y las plataformas digitales, una de las herramientas más conocidas del marketing, el Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), ha permitido que se genere un intercambio de opiniones de manera digital acerca de algún producto y/o servicio. Junto con esto, surgieron los online consumer reviews (OCR), que son evaluaciones que realizan los consumidores al servicio o producto que desean adquirir, los cuales brindan la posibilidad de obtener mejor y mayor cantidad de información. El objetivo del paper es estudiar el grado de influencia que tienen los principales atributos de los OCR en la intención de compra en la categoría de restaurantes de 5 tenedores. La literatura previa indica que atributos como la utilidad y credibilidad son importantes dentro de este proceso, y para el cual, en el modelo propuesto, se encontró como mediador a la adopción de la información. / With the arrival of social networks and digital platforms, one of the best-known marketing tools, Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), has allowed an exchange of opinions to be generated digitally about a product and / or service. Along with this, online consumer reviews (OCR) emerged, which are evaluations made by consumers of the service or product they wish to purchase, which provide the possibility of obtaining better and greater amount of information. The objective of the paper is to study the degree of influence that the main attributes of OCR have on the purchase intention in the category of elite restaurants. The previous literature indicates that attributes such as usefulness and credibility are important within this process, and for which in the proposed model, the adoption of the information was found as a mediator. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un proyecto de innovación que resuelva la problemática que existe actualmente en el sector agrario respecto de a que los pequeños y medianos productores no perciben las ganancias adecuadas por su trabajo y cultivos, todo esto se debe ya que a raíz de nuestro clásico proceso de comercialización, los intermediarios generan un aumento cuantioso en el precio final del producto, lo cual no solo perjudica a los agricultores sino también a los consumidores finales, con nuestro emprendimiento se busca la manera de traspasar esta valla impuesta por el mercado y conectar directamente a ambas partes mediante el sistema de compras online a través de diferentes plataformas digitales con servicios de entrega preestablecidos, todo ello impulsado a su vez por la coyuntura actual de la pandemia a raíz de la COVID-19, que originó de cierta manera la variación de nuestros sistemas de compras así como también afectó sobre todo a un sector de la sociedad por lo que la motivación en gran medida de este plan de negocios es a su vez fomentar más medios para que el producto y trabajo peruano alcance y solvente las necesidades de ellos mismos. / This research work aims to develop an innovation project that solves the problem that currently exists in the agricultural sector with respect to small and medium producers do not receive adequate earnings for their work and crops, all this is because as a result of our classic marketing process, intermediaries generate a large increase in the final price of the product , which not only harms farmers but also the final consumers, with our venture we are looking for a way to go beyond this fence imposed by the market and directly connect both parties through the online purchasing system through different digital platforms with pre-established delivery services, all this in turn driven by the current situation of the pandemic as a result of the COVID-19 , which originated in a certain way the variation of our purchasing systems as well as affected especially a sector of society so that the motivation largely of this business plan is in turn to encourage more means for the product and Peruvian work reach and meet the needs of themselves. / Trabajo de investigación

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the company's ability to communicate the message of a Corporate Rebranding. This is by examining the strategic implications that influence the control of communication on Social Digital Platforms during the implementation of a corporate rebranding. Method: This research study may be called a multidisciplinary study and is based on an abductive approach. It is written with a qualitative research strategy with a hermeneutic approach. Theoretical frame of reference: Model of Corporate Rebranding, compilation of previous research in the field of “External communication on Social Digital Platforms during a Corporate Rebranding”, the authors conceptual framework Empirical foundation: Empirical evidence has been collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with a total of six (6) respondents. Conclusions: Based on empirical and theoretical analysis, the authors have come to three (3) promotional prominent actions that fulfill the study's purpose and the study's research question. These are (1) Brand Descriptions based on insights. Produce a clear Brand Description that is based on insights from external stakeholders to act from. (2) Internal Anchorage. A corporate rebranding must be anchored internally to externally be communicated uniformly, or coordinated. (3) Factual Convincing. Convince with facts and factuality to reduce subjective criticism. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att komplettera existerande forskning med ökad förståelse för extern kommunikation vid corporate rebranding i den digitala eran. Detta genom att undersöka vilka åtgärder som bidrar till företagets möjlighet att bibehålla kontrollen av den externa kommunikationen vid genomförandet av en corporate rebranding. Metod: Studien kan liknas vara flerfallsstudie som utgår från en abduktiv ansats, är skriven med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi samt ur ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt. Teoretisk referensram: Model of corporate rebranding, sammanställning av tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet “extern kommunikation på sociala digitala plattformar vid corporate rebranding”, konceptuellt ramverk Empiri: Empiriskt underlag har insamlats genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt sex (6) respondenter. Slutsatser: Baserat på empiriskt och teoretisk analys har forskarna kommit fram till tre (3) framträdande främjande åtgärder som uppfyller studiens syfte samt svarar på studiens frågeställning. Dessa är (1) Insiktsbaserad varumärkesplattform. Framställa tydlig varumärkesplattform som är byggd på insikter från externa intressenter att agera ifrån. (2) Intern förankring. En corporate rebranding måste förankras internt för att kommuniceras enhetligt, eller samordnat. (3) Saklig övertygelse. Övertyga med fakta och saklighet för att minska subjektiv kritik.

As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, organizations have been forced to undergo rapid and significant changes. One of the more extensive changes has been the transfer of work from physical offices to virtual environments, which implies that employees have been forced to adapt to new conditions. Moreover, implementing major changes is a far more complex process for larger, traditional and older organizations, since they generally have an inveterate organizational culture. Thus, there is an interest in analyzing large organizations, such as Scania, since they have been forced to undergo major changes due to covid-19, and how these changes have affected the employees' perceptions and experiences of the organizational culture. This study is based on a qualitative approach, and examines how Scania’s employees have experienced the shift from a physical workplace to a virtual workplace, and how this has affected the perceived organizational culture. The empirical data was analyzed on the basis of the study's theoretical framework, The Cultural Web, and with the help of the theory of sensemaking, as well as Schein's three levels of organizational culture. The result indicates that the transition to a virtual workplace has generated both positive and negative implications on the perceived organizational culture of Scania. This is explained by the fact that the transition to a virtual workplace has increased the individual part of sensemaking, and reduced the collective part. The results also show that employees identify more with Scania after the change than before, as they experience that the workplace has become more flexible with allowing remote work. / Till följd av covid-19-pandemin har organisationer tvingats genomgå både hastiga och stora förändringar. En av de mer omfattande förändringarna har varit förflyttningen av arbetet från de fysiska kontoren, till en virtuell miljö vilket medfört att anställda tvingats anpassa sig efter nya förutsättningar. Samtidigt har det påvisats att större, traditionella och äldre organisationer har svårare att genomföra stora förändringar på grund av en inbiten organisationskultur. Således finns ett intresse av att undersöka stora organisationer, likt Scania, som tvingats genomgå en stor förändring i samband med covid-19, och hur det har påverkat de anställdas upplevelse av organisationskulturen. Denna studie har, utifrån ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, undersökt hur de anställda på Scania upplever att organisationskulturen har påverkats av den digitala omställningen – att gå från en fysisk arbetsplats till en virtuell. Empirin analyserades utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk The Cultural Web och med hjälp av teorin om meningsskapande, samt Scheins tre nivåer av organisationskultur. Studien visade att omställningen till en digital arbetsplats har genererat både positiva och negativa implikationer på Scanias organisationskultur. Detta då övergången till en virtuell arbetsplats har ökat den individuella delen av meningsskapande, och samtidigt minskat den kollektiva. Resultatet visar även att medarbetarna identifierar sig mer med Scania efter omställningen än tidigare, då de upplever att arbetsplatsen blivit mer flexibel genom möjligheten till distansarbete.

El mercado empresarial en los últimos años ha crecido a un ritmo vertiginoso por factores sociales, económicos y de salud pública, así como el acceso a la tecnología y la cada vez más sólida globalización, especialmente en el sector de las pyme y las mype. Este es un fenómeno que ha concitado la atención de diversos especialistas; por esta razón, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad describir las alternativas de financiamiento para las pyme que existen en la actualidad. Para ello, se ha organizado la investigación en seis secciones. En primera instancia, se desarrolla la evolución de las pymes a nivel nacional y extranjero. Seguidamente, se revisarán cuales son las necesidades y características del financiamiento a las pyme. En el siguiente capítulo, se analizará las diferentes formas del financiamiento tradicional y el financiamiento alternativo, además de los tipos de financiamiento que existen en cada uno de ellos. Dentro del financiamiento tradicional destacan los préstamos bancarios, factoring y leasing financiero; en el financiamiento alternativo, se utilizan plataformas digitales o fintech donde se puede acceder a un capital semilla, crowdfunding y el capital riesgo. Luego de ello, se precisan cuáles son las principales restricciones que se presentan en el proceso en el que las pyme buscan financiamiento. Finalmente, se precisará la regulación que se da a estas entidades y como beneficia el desarrollo de las pyme. La principal conclusión a la que llega esta investigación es que no existe una única modalidad de financiamiento a la que pueden acceder las pyme actualmente y estas presentan en sí mismas limitaciones que impiden que contribuyan de forma adecuada al fortalecimiento del sector. / In the last years, the business market has grown fastly due to social, economic and public health factors, as well as access to technology and increasingly strong globalization, especially in the SME and MSME sector. This is a phenomenon that has attracted the attention of specialists; for this reason, the purpose of this paper is to describe the financing alternatives for SMEs. To this end, the research has been organized into six sections. First, the evolution of SMEs at the national and foreign level is developed. Next, the needs and characteristics of SME financing will be reviewed. In the following chapter, the different forms of traditional financing and alternative financing will be analyzed, as well as the types of financing that exist in each of them. Within traditional financing, bank loans, factoring and financial leasing stand out; in alternative financing, digital or fintech platforms are used where seed capital, crowdfunding and venture capital can be accessed. After that, the main restrictions that arise in the process in which SMEs seek financing will be specified. Finally, the regulation that is given to these entities and how it benefits the development of SMEs will be specified. The main conclusion reached by this research is that there is no single financing modality that SMEs can currently access, and these have limitations that prevent them from contributing adequately to the strengthening of the sector. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Digital undervisning blev under covid-19 pandemin en viktig metod för att kunna upprätthålla lärande för utbildningsinstitutioner. Genom att använda sig av digitala plattformar och verktyg som exempelvis Learning Management Systems (LMS) och Videokonferens verktyg (VKV) kan studenter lära sig utan att fysiskt vara närvarande.  Den tidigare forskningen har tagit upp de sociala och fysiska problemen som kan uppstå vid ett oönskat miljöombyte. Vidare har det lyfts fram att individer har olika förutsättningar vid distansutbildning vilket kan påverka lärandet under hela utbildningen. Det lyfts även fram styrkor och svagheter med distansundervisning men inget som specifikt berör hur de digitala plattformarna har påverkat studenters motivation, koncentration och studieteknik under covid-19. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur studenter vid Linneuniversitetet upplever att de har påverkats av den ofrivilliga distansundervisningen covid-19 medför och de digitala lärplattformar och verktyg som används. En kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har varit studiens metod vid datainsamling. Studien har förhållit sig till fem informanter som studerat på olika program inom Linneuniversitetet. För att analysera data följdes Creswells sex steg för dataanalys vilket resulterade i två huvudområden som inkluderade fyra teman och tre subteman. Studien kom fram till att studenter upplever att det finns möjligheter till sociala interaktioner med VKV. Flexibiliteten och möjligheten att vara platsoberoende är väldigt positivt för studenter. Studien har konstaterat att studenters koncentration, motivation och studieteknik har påverkats negativt sedan införandet av VKV föreläsningar. Vid användning av LMS så har upplevelsen varit att det finns en minimal påverkan på centrala faktorerna för lärande. / During the covid-19 pandemic, digital education became an important method for maintaining learning for educational institutions. By using digital platforms and tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Video Conferencing tools (VKV), students can learn without being physically present.  Previous research has addressed the social and physical problems that can arise in the event of an unwanted environmental change. Furthermore, it has been emphasized that individuals have different conditions for distance education, which can affect learning throughout the education. It also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of distance education, but nothing that specifically affects how the digital platforms have affected students' motivation, concentration and study techniques during covid-19.  The purpose of this study was to investigate how students at Linnaeus University feel that they have been affected by the involuntary distance education that covid-19 entails and the digital learning platforms and tools used. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews has been the study's method of data collection. The study involved five informants who studied in various programs within Linnaeus University. Creswell’s six steps for data analysis was chosen to analyze the data which resulted in two main areas that included four themes and three subthemes.   The study concluded that students feel that there are opportunities for social interactions with VKV. The flexibility and the opportunity to be site-independent is very positive for students. The study has found that students' concentration, motivation and study techniques have been negatively affected since the introduction of VKV lectures. When using LMS, the experience has been that there is a minimal impact on the key factors for learning.

The rising trend of over consumption has led to threatening environmental consequences. A solution to this would be collaborative consumption, as it promotes environmentally friendly sharing behaviors. Collaborative consumption can be enabled with digital tools, such as digital sharing platforms. The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about how digital sharing platforms can be successfully established in order to build a good foundation for collaborative consumption. This qualitative research, influenced by grounded theory as a method, aims to explore the question “what are the barriers for establishing a digital sharing platform?”. Based on related research and by investigating a digital sharing platform called Umigo, we conducted six semi-structured interviews based on three technological frames and identified multiple barriers. With this research we make two main contributions. Our first contribution is that digital sharing platforms are unique in comparison to other platform types and should therefore be studied further. We also found an overview of the barriers that could prevent the successful establishment of digital sharing platforms.

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / La pandemia generada por la covid-19 ha creado un escenario incierto para el cine independiente, obligándolo a explorar otras oportunidades de exhibición y teniendo como protagonista al streaming. Frente a este contexto, el identificar las brechas de acceso de películas peruanas al mercado internacional en un entorno digital, resulta ser un tema de interés actual. El presente artículo pretende identificar las dificultades que enfrentan películas peruanas independientes para acceder a las principales plataformas (Netflix, HBO, Amazon Prime, Apple TV y/o Movistar). La metodología empleada se basa en entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a cineastas peruanos que han tenido la experiencia de exhibir sus obras vía streaming. Para comprender mejor el objeto de estudio, se realizó una entrevista en profundidad a Guarango Cine y Video, casa realizadora especializada en post producción, delivery y preparación de películas para plataformas digitales. Para el análisis de resultados, se propone la clasificación de las dificultades en técnicas, económicas, de producción y socioculturales. Estas cuatro categorías y su incidencia en la difusión cinematográfica configuran el eje central de la presente investigación. Los hallazgos más importantes de la investigación sugieren que las cuestiones económicas y la falta de conocimiento o proyección sobre las posibilidades de distribución son las principales dificultades que afrentan los cineastas peruanos independientes para exhibir en plataformas de streaming. / The pandemic caused by covid-19 has created an uncertain stage for independent cinema, forcing it to explore other exhibition opportunities with streaming as the protagonist. With this background and in a digital environment, identifying the gaps in access to the international market for Peruvian films turns out to be a topic of current interest. The present study contributes to identify the difficulties faced by independent Peruvian films to access the main platforms (Netflix, HBO, Amazon Prime, Apple TV and Movistar). The methodology used is based on semi-structured interviews with Peruvian filmmakers who have had the experience of exhibiting their films via streaming. In order to better understand the object of study, an in-depth interview was conducted with Guarango Cine y Video, a production company specialized in post-production and preparation of films for digital platforms. For the analysis of results, the classification of technical, economic, production and sociocultural difficulties is proposed. These four categories and their incidence in the dissemination of films are the central focus of the study. The main results obtained from the research suggest that economic issues and the lack of knowledge or projection about the distribution possibilities are the principal and transversal difficulties faced by independent Peruvian filmmakers to exhibit on streaming platforms. / Tesis

El presente trabajo aborda todos los aspectos necesarios para lograr determinar si el negocio de posicionamiento de un nuevo producto musical infantil es rentable y viable en un escenario realista y actual. A través del análisis de estadísticas y datos en línea sobre el uso de plataformas digitales para la educación y entretenimiento de los niños, antes y durante la pandemia del COVID-19, se podrá determinar si el aumento de tecnologías de la comunicación en los hogares hispanohablantes creó una oportunidad de negocio para potenciar un producto musical infantil entretenido y educativo. / When analyzing statistics and data online on the use of digital platforms for the education and entertainment of children, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was concluded that, due to the increase in communication technologies in spanish-speaking homes, it was due to the need for virtual classes or due to the fact that technology advances and over time becomes more accessible. The creation of a new children's project aimed at both digital platforms and live presentations is a very profitable process, since the development, maintenance, promotion and dissemination, unlike other years, and also other products, is profitable and it requires more study time than economic investment. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional