Inköp utgör en strategisk funktion inom dagens företag, då inköp tillsammans med ledning och styrning av försörjningskedjor har fått en allt större inverkan på organisationers konkurrenskraft och lönsamhet. En stor del av de produktivitetsförbättringar som initierats inom olika sektorer har drivits av investeringar i informationsteknologi (IT) i syfte att förbättra informationsflödet och effektivisera försörjningskedjor. Inom byggbranschen har dock utvecklingen gått långsammare än i andra branscher. Inköpt material och tjänster inom den svenska byggindustrin står för cirka 75 procent av de totala kostnaderna hos företagen. Därmed finns det en stor potential inom byggbranschen gällande implementering och utveckling av IT-lösningar för att stödja inköpsprocessens aktiviteter. Inom byggbranschen i Sverige har processen vid inköp av anläggningstransporter och entreprenadmaskiner uppmärksammats som utmanande vad gäller digitalisering. Det beror bland annat på stora skillnader i både storlek och IT-mognad bland leverantörerna samt diskontinuiteten i projekten där inköpen av tjänsterna sker. Syftet med studien har därmed varit att undersöka hur processen vid inköp av anläggningstransporter och entreprenadmaskiner kan effektiviseras genom digitalisering av informationsflödet. Studien har utförts som en fallstudie vid Skanska Sverige AB:s centrala inköpsavdelning. Studerad inköpsprocess avser processtegen ramavtal, projektavtal, leveransplan, avrop, bekräftelse av avrop, följesedel, bekräftelse av följesedel samt fakturering. Studien innefattar identifiering och utvärdering av möjliga alternativ för digitalisering genom att studera aktuell forskning inom ämnet i kombination med undersökning av pågående praktiskt arbete rörande ett digitalt informationsflöde vid inköp. Baserat på tidigare forskning, empiri och analys har studien resulterat i ett ramverk för en integrerad inköpsprocess där varje aktivitet kopplas samman genom systemstöd, vilket ligger till grund för rekommendationerna till fallstudieföretaget och liknande företag i branschen för att uppnå en mer integrerad och effektiv inköpsprocess för anläggningstransporter och entreprenadmaskiner. Rekommendationerna sammanfattas i följande fem punkter. Skapa och strukturera processer och förankra dem i hela verksamheten Digitalisera genom att samla intern information i form av master data i affärssystem Implementera ett integrerat systemstöd för det operativa inköpet Förenkla fakturahantering i försörjningskedjan i form av självfakturering Implementera en strategisk, digital helhetslösning med bevarande av mänsklig kontakt Studien visar att det vid initiering av digitala arbetssätt och processer är viktigt att ta i beaktning att viss flexibilitet förloras, därtill är det av stor vikt att inte digitalisera enskilda frågor utan istället utgå från ett långsiktigt helhetsperspektiv. Digitalisering kan medföra en eliminering av icke-värdeskapande aktiviteter i form av dubbelarbete, pappershantering samt sena kontroller i processen. Insamling, lagring och hantering av information i digitala system möjliggör därtill förbättringsarbeten genom detaljerade analyser. Att implementera en strategisk, digital helhetslösning för informationsflödet i inköpsprocessen för anläggningstransporter och entreprenadmaskiner kommer att ta tid, men på långsikt kan initiering av master data, operativa stödsystem och självfakturering generera ett mer funktionellt och säkert informationsflöde. / Purchasing is a strategic function within today's businesses and has, together with supply chain management, had an increased impact on organizations' competitiveness and profitability. Many of the productivity improvements initiated in different sectors have been driven by investments in Information Technology (IT) aimed at improving information flow and streamlining supply chains. However, the development has been slower in the construction industry compared to other industries. Purchased materials and services in the Swedish construction industry account for about 75 percent of the total costs within the companies. Consequently, there is a great potential in the construction industry regarding the implementation and development of IT solutions to support the purchasing process. In the Swedish construction industry, the purchasing process of transports and machines for construction sites has been highlighted as challenging in terms of digitization. This is due to large differences in both size and IT maturity among suppliers, as well as the discontinuity of the projects where the purchase of the services takes place. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how the procurement process of transports and machines for construction sites can be streamlined through the digitization of the information flow and has been conducted as a case study at the central purchasing department at Skanska Sweden AB. In this study, the purchasing process refers to eight process steps; framework agreement, project agreement, delivery plan, suborder, confirmation of suborder, attendance note, confirmation of attendance and invoicing. The study involves identifying and evaluating possible options for digitization by studying current research in the subject in combination with ongoing practical work regarding a digital information flow in purchasing. Based on previous research, empirical and analytical studies, this study resulted in a framework for an integrated procurement process where each activity is linked through digital systems. To achieve a more integrated and efficient procurement process of transports and machines for construction sites the recommendations for the case study company, and similar companies in the industry, are as follows. Create and structure processes and spread the way of working throughout the business Digitize by collecting internal master data in business systems Implement an integrated system support for the operational purchase Simplify invoice handling in the supply chain by using self-billing invoices Implement a strategic, digital holistic solution with the preservation of human contact The study concludes that when initiating digital working methods and processes, it is important to consider that flexibility is partially lost, and it is important not to digitize individual questions, but rather from a long-term holistic perspective. Furthermore, digitization can lead to the elimination of non-value added activities in the form of duplication, analogue document handling, and controls late in the process. Collecting, storing and managing information in digital systems enables identification of potential improvements through detailed analysis. Implementing a strategic, digital overall solution for the information flow in the procurement process for transports and machines at construction sites will take time, but in the long term, initialization of master data, operational systems and self-billing can generate a more functional and secure information flow.

This diploma thesis deals with perspectives of application of service AC Capture from company AutoCont in the Slovak republic. AC Capture consists of offering digitizing services via cloud. Slovak republic is chosen as an inspected market mainly due to vendors licence policy which says, that IBM Datacap taskmaster Capture (platform for AC Capture) can be sold by company AutoCont only in the Czech or Slovak republic. Aiming at one market, which is in accordance with the licence policy, enables to go into appropriate depth and practically demonstrate the conclusions of the thesis via actual open business cases. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the perspectives of application of AC Capture in the Slovak republic. The emphasis is placed on the macroeconomic analysis, analysis of indicators of standards of life, product analysis including the analysis of competition and quantitative questionnaire inquiry.

The aim is to analyze the potential application of digital cultural materials in teaching marketing management of cultural heritage applications in the educational environment and the importance of using new technologies in the context of e-learning site studies as a competitive element of specialized academic disciplines Arts management. Through searches of the available materials, information, studies, projects, theses, foreign web databases on the use of digitization of cultural heritage for e-learning and presentation purposes are identified current capabilities and use of these resources in the educational sphere. Analysis of the current possibilities of our universities and performing competitive analysis of academic disciplines dealing with arts management in the Czech Republic outlined the possibility of implementing new technologies in education in the field of Arts Management, University of Economics, Prague. The benefits of work are suggestions for the implementation of digital technologies in higher education teaching marketing management of cultural heritage and simultaneously use their outputs in practice

This research report aims to provide a picture of Sweden's current attitude and approach to future digitization of the election system and how this change process can take place. It also aims to provide answers to our formulated research questions:   What is people's attitude to the current election system and future digitization of the election system?   How could the current Swedish electoral system be changed with the help of digitalisation and what could these changes look like?   Furthermore, it describes the methods and tools used for the collection of information and thus provides an accurate basis of the current situation through a summary of previous research on the subject through a literature study. Furthermore, the method chapter describes in detail the collection of information that was done through a quantitative and a qualitative study. First, an investigation is done on the current situation at the Swedish electoral authority. This investigation then forms the basis of the online survey that collected information from private individuals to give an understanding of their view and attitude on an electronic voting system. The results of this information collection are compiled and then presented in our results. This result is then discussed in our method chapter where we ourselves reflect on the information and responses we collected. In our discussion we also give examples of whether and how the introduction of a digital election system can and should take place. We do this by identifying different levels of digitization based on the results and presenting them together with a number of identified criteria. Finally, this research report can serve as a basis for answering the question of and in what way Sweden should introduce a digital election system.

This study aims to investigate and assess how the role of a business controller and his or her tasks are influenced by digitalization. This study will provide theoreticians and practitioners with a deeper insight of the requirements, skills, experiences, tasks and expectations that fall on the controller in a digital world. The controller's main tasks involve analysis, communication, reporting, data management and forecasting. There are potential tools for the tasks to be implemented effectively. We are during a digital revolution. This brings along changes and it requires the will of adaptation and development. To succeed in running a business, it requires planning, strategy, and qualified personnel. This requires knowledge, but also the right conditions in the workplace to do the job. With the analytical and technical tools available today, controllers can become an invaluable resource if they can master the tools and learn to interpret and understand the information that IT-systems can provide. Companies are also required to implement the right system. This study is based on the theory of digitization, the business controller role and role theory. Empirical data were collected through 50 job advertisements and five interviews. Through inquiry of empirics and theories and an analysis of this material, an understanding could be created about how the controller's role and tasks are influenced by digitalization. Specifically, the extent to which the controller uses digital tools and the demand that companies have for controllers' digital skills and experience. It also provides an insight into the role and expectations of the controller in a digital world. The conclusion of this study is that controllers use digital tools to a large extent. Which in turn places demands on digital experiences and skills. The digital revolution can be considered a fact, which entails the controller to consider and monitor digital development and change. The job advertisements show a clear tendency that digital experience and skills are a large part of what is demanded from companies. Despite the high demand for digital skills, the review of job advertisements shows that companies still only require a person with a financial education. The role of a business controller in Sweden has gone from being a financial controller and an accountant to a role that is now in a borderland between IT and finance. Which means that the role can now be considered as something of a hybrid. However, the empirical evidence in this study shows that this is not yet fully seen in practice. This study is written in Swedish. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och bedöma hur business controllerns roll och arbetsuppgifter influeras av digitaliseringen. Studien ska ge teoretiker och praktiker en större insikt kring vilka krav, kompetenser, erfarenheter, arbetsuppgifter och förväntningar som faller på controllern i en digital värld. Controllerns huvudsakliga arbetsuppgift är i grunden analys, kommunikation, rapportering, hantering av data samt prognostisering. Det finns potentiella hjälpmedel för att detta ska genomföras effektivt. Vi är mitt uppe i en digital revolution. Detta för med sig förändringar och det kräver viljan av anpassning och utveckling. För att lyckas driva en verksamhet krävs planering, strategi och kvalificerad personal. Det kräver att kunskap finns men också rätt förutsättningar på arbetsplatsen för att uträtta arbetet. I och med de analytiska och tekniska verktyg som idag finns tillgängliga, kan controllers bli en ovärderlig resurs om dessa kan bemästra verktygen och lära sig att tolka och förstå den information som IT-system kan tillgodose. Studien grundar sig på teori kring digitalisering, controllerns roll samt rollteori. Empiri har samlats in genom 50 platsannonser samt fem intervjuer. Genom granskning av empiri och teori samt en analys kring detta material kunde förståelse skapas kring hur controllerns roll och arbetsuppgifter influeras av digitalisering. Specifikt i vilken utsträckning controllern använder sig av digitala verktyg och vilken efterfrågan företag har på controllers digitala kompetenser och erfarenheter. Det ges även en insikt i vilken roll samt vilka förväntningar som faller på controllern i en digital värld. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att controllers använder sig av digitala verktyg i bred utsträckning. Vilket i sin tur ställer krav på digitala erfarenheter och kompetenser. Den digital revolutionen kan anses vara ett faktum vilket för med sig ett krav på att controllern ska beakta och följa med i den digitala utvecklingen och förändringen. I platsannonserna påvisas tydlig tendens att digital erfarenhet och kompetens är en stor del av det som efterfrågas från företag. Trotts den höga efterfrågan på digital kompetens visar granskningen av platsannonser att företag fortfarande enbart efterfrågar en person med ekonomisk utbildning. Rollen som controller har gått från att vara en “styrekonom” och revisor till att rollen nu befinner sig i ett gränsland mellan IT och ekonomi. Vilket för med sig att rollen nu kan anses vara något av en hybrid. Dock visar empirin i denna studie att detta ännu inte ses helt i praktiken.

The world is constantly evolving with new technology and society is increasingly digitized. Digitizing society means, among other things, that social work is also digitized. Digitization is a new technology that affects different groups of people in different ways. A group in society that is most at risk of getting into digital exclusion are the elderly, 65+ years. Therefore, a literature study has been done to investigate the importance of digitizing social work for the availability of social services for the elderly, 65+ years. This is problematized from a KASAM perspective. The method used for the literature study is the scoping review method. The result shows that the elderly are a group in society who have difficulty using digitalisation and feel a concern about digitalisation, which causes them to end up in social exclusion. At the same time, the results show that the elderly want and can learn the new technology and that digitalisation can facilitate their everyday lives. The conclusion of the study is that the importance of digitizing social work for the availability of social service for the elderly brings with it both opportunities and limitations for the elderly.

Syftet med kunskapsöversikten är att ta reda på hur en till en (ETE)-digitaliseringen påverkar undervisningspraktiker både ur ett elev- och lärarperspektiv med huvudsakligt fokus på samhällskunskap. Översikten är gjord med stöd från relevant forskning. Frågeställningen lyder: “Vad säger tidigare forskning om ETE-påverkan på undervisningspraktiker ur ett lärar- ochelevperspektiv med huvudsakligt fokus på samhällskunskap?” För att kunna svara på frågeställningen har en sökprocess i databaserna ERIC via EBSCO, Libsearch och Swepub genomförts där texter som berör ämnet kartlagts och sammanställts. I översikten presenteras nya undervisningspraktiker som möjliggörs med ETE, till exempel flipped classroom, samt anledningar till att ett motstånd till ETE råder bland lärare och elever. Slutsatsen som dras är att digitaliseringen av skolan måste ses som en förändringsprocess där lärare behöver navigera på ett hav fyllt med nya möjligheter. Slutligen förs en diskussion som berör ETE-digitaliseringens konsekvenser, innan tankar gällande framtida forskning presenteras. / The purpose of the knowledge overview is to find out how one-to-one (ETE) digitization affects teaching practices from both a student and teacher perspective with the main focus on social studies. The overview is made with support from relevant research. The question is: "What does previous research say about the impact of ETE on teaching practices from a teacher and student perspective with a main focus on social studies?" In order to be able to answer the question, a search process has been carried out in the ERIC databases via EBSCO, Libsearch and Swepub, where texts concerning the subject have been mapped and compiled. The overview presents new teaching practices that are made possible with ETE, such as a flipped classroom, as well as reasons why there is opposition to ETE among teachers and students. The conclusion drawn is that the digitalisation of the school must be seen as a process of change where teachers need to navigate a sea filled with new opportunities. Finally, a discussion is held concerning the consequences of ETE digitization, before thoughts regarding future research are presented.

Modeling legal norms with computer programs Abstract The thesis is about the possibilities how to model programmable parts of law with computer. The goal was to create a working prototype of a computer model of a defined section of law. For this purpose the thesis set down a theory that included an analytical model of a legal system, compilation of the existing approaches in the computer domain focused on expert systems and representation Rules as Code and the factors to consider during the selection of a suitable domain to model. Based on that a custom logical model at the level of grammatical sentences was created, which was then transformed into a computer program. The thesis is concluded with the proposal to incorporate Rules as Code in the context of Czech legal and judicial system. In the theoretical framework the concept of a legal system is defined as a fundamental normative system, which claims itself to be both legitimate and enforceable. The thesis presents a model of legal domain usable for versatile legal systems, which covers phenomena such as collision of legal systems, metanorms, legal pluralism and finding of law by judges. It also describes how the content of law can be captured in a textual representation for modeling purposes in a legal commentary. A logical model of law based on...

The subject of this dissertation is the application of selected elements od industry 4.0 to the construction industry. Individually selected elements are subsequently presented in more detail and for each element is created a SWOT analysis. The conclussion of this dissertation is conducting surveys in construction companies on the use of new technologies and evaluation of these surveys.

The Master's thesis deals with the proposition of a suitable methodology to produce test specimens intended for tensile testing. Considering the irregular geometries of the parts and deformations in previous tests, reverse engineering was used to obtain a CAD model that was used to control dimensions and create a machining strategy. This thesis also includes an analysis of current technologies in the field of reverse engineering.