As the planet rapidly urbanizes and demand for locally-produced ecosystem services grows, the effective management of urban green infrastructure is increasingly important. A number of digital tools have recently been developed and released that share information and incite citizen participation in the governance, management and planning of urban green infrastructure. In this paper, I analyse six different e-tools within the context of New York City with a focus on the types of knowledge they share and the forms of participation they incite in relation to urban green infrastructure. I explore how e-tool knowledge exchange and participation relate to civic stewardship of urban green spaces, as stewards play a significant role in the local production of urban ecosystem services. The findings indicate that most e-tools are designed to share a large amount of data describing social-ecological systems. In many cases, the tool developers hope that through gaining knowledge about the system, users will develop an ethical consideration for the environmental resource and even take action as environmental stewards. Additionally, while many of the e-tools present complex, exploratory digital learning environments, many also combine virtual experiences with in-person trainings, workshops and coaching. These hybrid approaches harness the power of digital platforms to organize diverse social networks and share large amounts of data while employing more traditional on-the-ground organizing techniques and offer a way forward in an age of increasing dominance of digital data. Further research on these types of hybrid digital approaches is warranted. Future research on e-tool usership and connections to stewardship outcomes could enrich the understanding of how e-tools operate as well as their social-ecological potential and impact.

I Sverige har digitaliseringen gått fort. Forskning visar att det bland äldre personer finns sårbara grupper som inte använder digitala hjälpmedel så mycket och därför inte har tillgång till tjänster som de behöver. I föreliggande studie undersöks om tillgång till och användning av digital informationsteknologi påverkar äldre personers förmåga att bemästra sin tillvaro. Bemästringsförmågan mäts i en indexvariabel utifrån teorier om tron på den egna förmågan; inre och yttre kontroll samt känsla av sammanhang. Deltagarna (n=144) i studien var äldre som hade möjlighet att svara på en webbenkät och därför använde digitala hjälpmedel. Detta var en väsentlig begränsning som påverkade resultatet. I huvudsak framkommer inga signifikanta skillnader i bemästringsförmåga utifrån användning av digitala hjälpmedel eller demografiska faktorer bland deltagarna. En nyckelfaktor i de signifikanta samband med små effekter som framkom var erfarenheten av att regelbundet ha arbetat med datorer i sitt yrkesverksamma liv. Deltagare som anger att de har denna erfarenhet anger högre bemästringsförmåga än de som inte anger den erfarenheten. Här argumenteras för att skillnader i bemästringsförmåga är större i mer diversifierade grupper av äldre personer. Det stöder forskning som påtalar att digitaliseringen påverkar livskvalitén för äldre. Deltagare påtalar att alla inte vill eller har möjlighet att använda digitala verktyg och efterlyser kunskap och praktiskt stöd i användning av digitala verktyg. Det stöder forskning som visar att grupper av äldre inte kan delta i det digitaliserade samhället och forskning som påtalar vikten av ett livslångt lärande. / In Sweden, the digital transformation is fast. Research shows that there are vulnerable groups of elderly who do not use digital tools frequently and do not have access to services they need. This study examines whether access to and use of digital tools affects older people's ability to manage their lives. Mastery is measured based on theories of Self-efficacy, Internal and External Locus of Control and Sense of Coherence. The participants (n=144) in the study were elderly people who responded to an online survey and therefore used digital tools. This was an essential limitation that affected the result. No significant differences in mastery were found based on the use of digital tools or demographic factors among participants. Experience of professionally having worked regularly with computers was a key factor in the significant relational findings with small effects that appeared. Participants who reported this experience indicated higher mastery skills than those who did not report that experience. It argues for that differences in mastery are greater in more diverse groups of elderly. It supports research that suggests that digitization affects the quality of life of the elderly. Participants highlight that not everyone wants or are able to use digital tools and call for education and practical support in the use of digital tools. It supports studies showing that groups of elderly cannot participate in the digitized society and studies that highlights the importance of lifelong learning.

As the world becomes more digital, the demands on the accessibility of the materials published on the web also increase. A lack of accessibility on the websites risks limiting the opportunities for those with disabilities to access necessary information from authorities. This goes against Article 21 of the Declaration of Human Rights published in 1948 by the UN, which states the right of the individual to public service. The purpose of this thesis is to study the new Swedish law on accessibility for digital publicservice and how the WCAG 2.1 guidelines are applied in Swedish state museums. State museums, on behalf of the government, are responsible for making their content available to all citizens. In our research, we started from semi-structured interviews that were analysed by theme in order to find common denominators between the various museum authorities. We concluded that there were challenges that made working with accessibility more difficult. The biggest challenge at the present seems to be how the law should be interpreted in the best way as the interpretation can differ greatly depending on who’s doing the interpretation. Web accessibility for the authorities is also a question of resources, as the organizations previously haven’t had this as a priority in budget planning. With the new law, the employees responsible for the publication on the webpages hope that this will be something they can use in the future to justify why the organization needs to invest resources in web accessibility.

Die Bildungslandschaft verändert sich, bedingt durch die Digitalsierung, am Ende des zweiten Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts in dramatischer Form. Neue Technologien erzwingen nicht nur ein neuartiges Lehr- und Lernhandeln, sondern haben in der Folge auch Konsequenzen für Wissensräume und den in ihnen beheimateten institutionellen und personellen Wissensträgern. Der Vortrag skizziert diese Zusammenhänge und verbindet dazu wissensökonomische, bildungsgeographische sowie bildungswissenschaftliche Zugänge im Kontext der Hochschulforschung. Vortrag anlässlich der LAG-Frühjahrstagung 2018 „‚Digitalisierung: Der Nordosten ist flach?‘ Digitale Transformation und gleichwertige räumliche Entwicklung“ der Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung (ARL), Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Berlin/Brandenburg/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Cottbus, 31. Mai 2018 / The educational landscape changes dramatically at the end of the second decade of the 21st century due to digitization. New technologies not only force new teaching and learning activities, but also have consequences for knowledge spaces and the institutional and personnel knowledge carriers resident in them. The lecture outlines these connections and combines knowledge economics, educational geography and educational sciences approaches in the context of higher education research.

The purpose of this work is to investigate how the school’s digitization has affected history teaching for students with neuropsychiatric disabilities. In order to fulfill the purpose, the following question has been formulated: “What consequences does the school’s digitization generate for students with neuropsychiatric disabilities within the frame of history teaching?” The method for this work is based on systematic literature research through three databases, SwePub, Google Scholar and ERIC. These three databases were used to produce articles to further strengthen our question. The searches were done in both Swedish and English to get the largest possible selection of items. The results show that the school’s digitization has a positive impact on students with various neuropsychiatric disabilities but also all students. However, there are a limited number of studies that show the positive effects on NPF students. But based on the research found, it can be stated that digital tools play a crucial role in the child developing knowledge in order to achieve the goals in their education.

La digitalización está transformando la forma en que las empresas piensan y crean un entorno competitivo. Abre mayores oportunidades para la elaboración de modelos de negocio innovadores. Por tanto, realza la importancia del análisis de macrodatos para mejorar la capacidad de una empresa de conectar tecnología y clientes. En general, se sabe poco sobre cómo las empresas desarrollan e implementan innovaciones digitales. Muchas se han quedado sin saber cómo invertir eficazmente en adquirir la capacidad de analizar datos y utilizar sus conclusiones para impulsar su agenda de innovación. El flagelo de la pandemia causada por la Covid19 desnudó esta falencia, la que afectó duramente al sector empresarial. Fueron años en los que un alto porcentaje de dueños de negocios se vieron obligados a implementar tecnología digital en sus procesos para desarrollar nuevas áreas, o mejorar las existentes dentro de sus organizaciones con el objetivo de poder subsistir. Es por ello que el presente trabajo ha investigado la bibliografía del último lustro relacionada a la gestión de la digitalización de las empresas modernas versus las empresas tradicionales, a fin de poder hallar las controversias en las posturas de los diferentes autores consultados, contrastando sus posturas referentes a los temas sobre gestión comercial, logística y tecnológica con mayor claridad. / Digitalization is transforming the way in which companies think and create a competitive environment. It opens more opportunities to create innovative business models in bilateral markets, and, therefore, it heightens the importance of analyzing macrodata to improve a business’ capacity to connect technology and clients. If we add to this a correct management of both abilities and knowledge, the adoption of Big Data analysis will ease executives’ decision-making processes. On the whole, there is little knowledge about how businesses develop and implement digital innovations. Many companies were left behind, without knowing how to effectively invest in acquiring the capacity to analyze data and to utilize the conclusions of those analyses to impulse an innovation agenda. Covid19 pandemic revealed this insufficiency, affecting the business sector hardly. Those were years in which a high percentage of business owners felt forced to implement digital technology in their processes to either develop new areas or improve the existing ones with the sole goal to surviving the crisis. This motivated the authors of this document to research five years time of publications on the management of digitalization processes in modern companies and in contrast with traditional companies, to find controversies in the positions of the different authors, to contrast their ideas and, ultimately, to allow us to understand their conclusions about commercial, logistic and technological management more clearly. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The rise of postcolonial theories in the 1970s did not yield much influence in the then practice of humanities computing, but following the mass-scale digitisations of cultural heritage materials over the past thirty years questions of Indigenous agency and the colonial roots of the digital cultural record have become more urgent than ever. This thesis operates within the area of postcolonial digital humanities and seeks to explore three questions. The first regards the socioethical concerns associated with the digitisation of Indigenous cultural heritage materials originating in Oceania, a geographic region which is peripheral on digital humanities maps but at the same time paradigmatic for exploration due to its cultural, political and linguistic diversity and multiple histories of colonial plundering. The second question investigates the extent to which global cultural heritage institutions digitise collections originating in Oceania in a culturally responsive manner, whereas the third focuses on the actions that digitising institutions can take in order to improve their websites from a decolonising perspective. The analysis that has been conducted on relevant literature and digitisation websites has resulted in an outline of theoretical concerns that should be taken into consideration prior to digitisation, as well as an assessment of existing digitisation activities and recommendations for improvement.

The digitization of manual handling of paper forms is an ongoing project atKarlstad municipality, and their management of vacation exchanges is one of thefirst business processes to be digitized. This process involves applicants printingand filling in a vacation exchange paper form, which is submitted to a departmentmanager for processing, and then forwarded to a payroll administrator forregistering.The goal of this thesis was to develop a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) e-service forvacation exchange management at Karlstad municipality. The design of the PoCis based on requirements gathered by interviewing end-users and investigatingtechnical constraints imposed by current systems in place at Karlstad municipality.The PoC is designed as a Web application managing resources from an objectdatabase, and an account directory. The implementation was carried out usingopen source and standardized frameworks. Open source tools were used for theobject database and the account directory. The PoC was evaluated against setrequirements. Avenues for future work include a more thorough investigation ofthe account directory at Karlstad municipality.

Travailler aujourd’hui sur un fonds numérique de revues c’est être confronté à des artefacts. Numérisées en noir et blanc, débarrassées de leurs couvertures, des pages vierges, des encarts, des publicités, des bulletins et hors-texte divers, les revues numérisées offrent souvent une physionomie très différente des documents originaux, surtout quand les fichiers numériques ont été produits à partir de reproductions antérieures (réimpressions ou microformes). Le présent travail tourne autour d’une question de méthode : quels sont les principes à retenir pour la numérisation des revues littéraires et artistiques de la fin du xixe siècle afin que l’accord subtil entre forme et contenu ne soit pas rompu lorsque les supports sont dématérialisés ?La revue littéraire et artistique s’inscrit dans la communication littéraire au croisement de traditions éditoriales hybrides. Sa matrice oscille entre le journal, le livre, l’album d’art et la revue, mobilisant et exploitant les caractéristiques de ces quatre référents. Ces référents sont ici représentés à travers un corpus de quatre périodiques : les revues françaises La Plume (1889–1914) et L’Épreuve (1894–1895), le trimestriel britannique The Yellow Book (1894–1897), et le périodique berlinois Pan (1895–1900). Ces publications déclinent l’objet revue dans trois aires culturelles, et permettent d’en explorer les spécificités ainsi que les enjeux économiques liés à son essor au sein des sociabilités littéraires et artistiques et au contact des doctrines esthétiques. Cette étude de cas débouche sur une analyse de la matérialité, de l’économie et des pratiques revuistes dans la période fin-de-siècle qui amène à s’interroger sur les implications culturelles, historiques et sociologiques de ces objets.Fragilisée par l’usage fréquent, la revue, lieu d’innovations graphiques et textuelles, est confrontée à la nécessité de la dématérialisation pour rester accessible à la recherche. L’examen de six bibliothèques numériques (Gallica, la Bibliothèque numérique de l’Université de Heidelberg, Internet Archive, The Yellow Nineties Online, le Blue Mountain Project et Jugend Wochenschrift) souligne que le numérique n’est en aucune manière une opération neutre et doit être constamment accompagné d’une approche scientifique de l’objet ouvrant à des recommandations et à de « bonnes pratiques ».Outre la question technique, toujours capitale, l’accent est mis dans cette thèse sur les procédures de numérisation en vue à la fois d’une restitution optimale de l’original et de la possibilité de disposer d’interfaces et de fonctionnalités dotant le chercheur de nouvelles approches heuristiques, permises par les nouvelles technologies, au service du patrimoine. / To work on digitized reviews today means essentially to be confronted with artefacts. Digitized in black and white, stripped of their covers, of blank pages, of inserts, advertisements, bulletins and other supplements, digital reproductions of reviews often differ greatly from the originals, especially when the electronic files have been based on previous reproductions (microforms or reprints). Our work evolves around a question of method: what principles should be followed in digitizing literature and art reviews from the end of the 19th century, in order to preserve the subtle harmony between form and content when the medium is no longer hard copy?Literature and art reviews participate in literary communication at the intersection of hybrid editorial traditions. Their matrix oscillates between newspapers, books, art albums and reviews, utilising the characteristics of these four media. We have chosen four periodicals to represent them: the French reviews La Plume (1889–1914) and L’Épreuve (1894–1895), the British quarterly The Yellow Book (1894–1897), and the Berlin periodical Pan (1895–1900). These publications articulate the different characteristics of reviews in three cultural contexts, allowing us to explore their specificities as well as the financial aspects linked to their development, in close interaction with literary and artistic social life and aesthetic doctrines. As case studies, these bear on an analysis of the materiality, of the financial and editorial practices of late 19th century reviews while questioning the historical, cultural and sociological implications of these objects.Degraded and fragile through years of use, these reviews, catalysts of textual and graphic innovation, are in urgent need of dematerialisation so as to remain accessible for future research. Close examination of six digital libraries (Gallica, the digital library of Heidelberg University, Internet Archive, The Yellow Nineties Online, the Blue Mountain Project, and Jugend Wochenschrift) underlines that digitization is in no way a neutral operation and must constantly be accompanied by scientific validation with a view to developing recommendations and "good practices".Besides technical questions of primary importance, this thesis’ focus is on digitization procedures, aiming at both optimal restitution of the originals and functional interfaces that provide the researcher with new heuristic tools, through innovative technologies, in the service of our cultural heritage.

The purpose of this study is to explore if and how welfare technological solutions areimplemented and used within different healthcare professions in southern Lapland. Also,does the use of welfare technological solutions contribute to achieving the goals of theprimary care reform a good and close health care [in Swedish God och nära vård]? Whatprerequisites do different healthcare professions have to implement welfare technology, interms of their understanding, ability and willingness?This is a qualitative study based upon interviews done with nine healthcare professionalsworking in municipalities located in the sparsely populated areas of southern Lapland. Theempiric was analysed through the lens of implementation theory based on the healthcareprofessionals understanding, ability and willingness to implement welfare technologysolutions.The results of this study show that the healthcare professionals show a great understanding ofwelfare technological solutions, and a genuine willingness to use the technology, butregarding the healthcare professionals ability to implement welfare technology are not trulyfulfilled, and in this respect there are some challenges to continue to work on.In relation to the primary care reform, a good and close health care [God och nära vård], theresults of the study show that welfare technology solutions, correctly used and in consultationwith those who intend to use the services, can be used as a tool to meet some of the goals ofthe reform. Digitization can, as a complement to physical meetings, make care moreaccessible and cost-effective while the patient/user retains their security, participation andself-determination. But to achieve the goal of creating close care on equal terms for the entirepopulation, the healthcare professionals understanding, ability and willingness to implementwelfare technology solutions isn’t enough, it requires above all a change in the absence of thesparsely populated perspective among those who decide.