This purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees¡¦ perception on organizational climate and job involvement, and the moderating effect of employ types. This research involves all employees belonging to the I Research Laboratory, as experimental subjects for questionnaire surveys. We used the personal characteristics as the controlled variables, the organizational climate as an independent variable, the employ type as a moderate variable and the job involvement as a dependent variable. A total of 569 questionnaires were delivered and got 339 valid questionnaires. Based on the valid questionnaires, the hierarchical regression analysis and the Pearson¡¦s correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Major empirical findings are summarized as follows: 1.There are significant differences in job involvement among difference education degree. 2.There are significant correlations between the awareness of the organizational climate and the job involvement. 3.The employ type has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between organizational climate and job involvement.

「勞動派遣」在國外早已訂定相關之立法規範，日本於一九八五年制定勞動派遣法，德國、美國對勞動派遣亦制定特別的法律與相關規範，在丹麥所有關勞動派遣的禁止規定也於一九九○年廢止，由這些先進國家的例子，可知制定勞動派遣法為世界立法潮流所趨。勞動派遣與傳統僱用之契約關係，最大不同之處在於勞動派遣關係下之派遣勞工，受僱於派遣機構，雙方成立勞動契約(employment contract)關係，但派遣勞工卻在該勞動契約當事人以外之第三人要派機構處提供勞務，接受該第三人之指揮監督與管理，形成「僱用」與「使用」分離之現象。由於勞動派遣型態為勞動市場既存狀態，雖在現行法制上有一定規範，惟此種三角關係的勞動型，態涉及「要派機構」、「派遣機構」及「派遣勞工」三方當事人的互動，在現行勞動法規皆以傳統勞動關係為主要規範標的下，無法完整規範勞動派遣所衍生的問題，而造成許多勞資之間的糾紛。 我國經濟部商業司於一九九九年十月通過核准企業可登記其營業內容為「人力派遣業」，但是，國內目前卻仍未對勞動派遣制定相關法令。相較於國際勞工組織已針對勞動派遣制定相關公約及建議書，德國、日本等先進國家以制定專法之方式來規範「勞動派遣」，我國目前卻對此問題尚無任何明確的法律規範，為保障派遣勞工之就業權益，給予勞資雙方明確之依循方向，落實就業安全之理念與作法，建立符合我國國情需要之勞動派遣法制，為刻不容緩之目標。因此本研究藉由參考比較美國、德國、日本等國之勞動派遣相關規範及法制，以了解各國實施勞動派遣之狀況，並分析各國勞動派遣法制之優缺點，及可能產生之問題進行分析，藉此提供我國未來於制定勞動派遣法時之參考方向。最後，針對我國目前勞動派遣草案進行分析，並提出相關立法建議，以期建構符合我國國情之勞動派遣法制，創造勞資雙贏之局面。 / The standards about legalization of dispatched employment had been enacted in the foreign countries. Legislation of dispatched employment had been enacted in Japan in 1985; besides Germany and America also made special laws and regulations about dispatched employment. All about the forbidden regulations also had been abolished in Denmark. From those examples of developed countries above, we can understand that the legalization about dispatched employment is forced by the world trend. The difference between dispatched employment and typical employment is that the dispatched employees are employed by the dispatched work agency but they provide service to the user enterprise. Because the triangular arrangement of dispatched employment concerns the interaction among user enterprise, dispatched work agency and dispatched workers, so there are many disputations between employees and employers. Although the Department of Commerce of MOEA in Taiwan permitted the enterprise to register their operations as “Employee dispatching industry” in October 1999, there were still no relevant laws about dispatched employment. The International Labor Organization had made the conventions and recommendations about dispatched employment; moreover Germany and Japan also made the relevant laws. In order to protect the rights of dispatched labors, the law-making which correspond with our national conditions is of great urgency. By comparing of the legalization about dispatched employment of America, Germany and Japan, we want to know the practical conditions and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of those countries above. By doing so, we can provide our country with the referential aspects in making the law about the dispatched employment in the future. Finally, in order to establish the legalization about dispatched employment corresponded with our society and to create a win-win situation of employee and employer, we analyze the existent Dispatched Employment Bill in Taiwan and bring forward certain relative lawmaking proposals.

Dispatched employment has become one of the most popular ways of employment under globalization. The corporate can freely choose the most favorable business environment whereby they can by-pass collective bargaining with trade unions and legal restrictions. Dispatched workers and regularly employed workers in the same client company may experience different working conditions (including wages, working hours, overtime and vacation, etc.). Workers of the same dispatching agency who are dispatched to client companies may also experience different working conditions. Often, working conditions of dispatched workers are relatively poor. This study mainly explores dispatched workers¡¦ working conditions in different companies and how these conditions would affect their organizational commitment to client companies. Four hundred and twenty copies of a questionnaire were distributed to workers who are dispatched to companies located in Kaohsiung, Tainan and Pingtung. Out of these 134 copies were returned and counted as valid response. The findings revealed that (1) working conditions varied across gender and age; (2) dispatched workers tended to accept working conditions below the legal standards; (3) organizational commitment varied across education, job duties and depended on how workers felt about the conditions; (4) working conditions and organizational commitment were significantly related. This study therefore recommends that: Dispatching companies should 1.Employ dispatched workers as full-time workers, rather than merely-registered workers; 2.Provide more training opportunities to dispatched workers; 3.Fulfill their legal obligations to the workers. Client companies should 1.Create a gender-equal working environment; 2.Create sanitary and safe working conditions; 3.Take the responsibility of a joint employer. Authorities of labor affairs should 1.Inspect labor conditions more frequently and closely; 2.Establish a formal legal system to regulate dispatched employment; 3.Specify dispatching agencies and client companies as joint employers in relevant laws and regulations.

A Study of Relationships among Cognition of User Enterprises, Cognition of Dispatched Enterprises, Personality traits, Job satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Taiwanese Dispatched workers Abstract Recently, the number of dispatched workers has been increasing rapidly in Taiwan. Yet little is known of behavior and job attitudes of these workers. Enterprises use dispatched workers due to flexibility concerns or urgent workforce demands. Finding a suitable and stable dispatched worker proves to be a challenge to enterprises. Now, enterprise social accountability is an important subject. Besides the great profit, enterprises should concern job satisfaction and cognition of enterprises to dispatched workers . This study focuses on Taiwanese dispatched workers and aims to examine the relationships among ¡§cognition of dispatched enterprises¡¨, ¡§cognition of user enterprises¡¨ , ¡§personality trait¡¨,¡¨ job satisfaction¡¨ and ¡§turnover intention¡¨. After interviewing 5 dispatched workers and surveying 152 dispatched workers with questionnaires, the findings are as follows: 1. Female dispatched workers reveal agreeableness better than male. 2. Dispatched workers who are 29 or younger have higher score in Neuroticism; dispatched workers who are older than 29 have higher score in agreeableness and conscientiousness. 3. Dispatched workers who have graduated from high school show significantly higher score in ¡§cognition of dispatched workers toward dispatched enterprises¡¨ than those in university . 4. The contract period of the dispatched workers within 3 months show significantly higher score than those above 2 years. 5. Voluntary dispatched workers have better ¡§cognition of dispatched enterprises¡¨, higher ¡§job satisfaction¡¨ and lower ¡§ turnover intentions¡¨. 6. Dispatched workers belong to local dispatched enterprises have higher score in Conscientiousness. 7. Dispatched workers¡¦ ¡§job satisfaction¡¨ has an intermediate effect or an interactive effect between ¡§cognition of dispatched enterprises¡¨ and ¡§turnover intentions¡¨. 8. Dispatched workers¡¦ ¡§job satisfaction¡¨ has an intermediate effect or an interactive effect between ¡§cognition of user enterprises¡¨ and ¡§turnover intentions¡¨. 9. Agreeableness is positively correlated to ¡§job satisfaction¡¨. 10. Dispatched workers¡¦ ¡§job satisfaction¡¨ has no intermediate effect or interactive effect between ¡§personality traits¡¨ and ¡§turnover intentions¡¨. Key words: dispatched worker, cognition, personality trait, job satisfaction, turnover intention

Since the late 20th century, the enterprises have been facing the increasing competition. Considering the hiring cost and in order to arrange the manpower flexibly, they all followed the policy of flexible dispatched manpower, and applied the mode of supplying the dispatched manpower to satisfy the demands of the organizations for the flexible workers. This has become one of the key elements for the enterprises to remain in competition during their adaptation to the change of the industrial environment and the fluctuation of the market demand. In the recent years, owing to the related labor policies such as the 84 working hours and the new labor retirement policy being taken effect, dispatched manpower has the tendency to grow rapidly in Taiwan. More and more industries release the non-core positions, and hire manpower through the dispatched enterprises. Nevertheless, how to find the dispatched workers who can meet the enterprise anticipation, with good work achievement and also being stable becomes a tough question for the enterprise. This study focused on probing into the influence of work valuess, job involvement and the turnover intention of the dispatched workers, the influence of job values on the turnover intention, and whether it will occur because of the medium effect of the job involvement. The subjects of this study were the dispatched workers of a dispatched enterprise in Taiwan, totally there were 725 questionnaires sent out, and in return were 227 effective questionnaires. This study aims to utilize the field result and provide a reference for dispatched enterprise or user enterprise in selecting the dispatched workers in the future. After the investigation and the statistical analysis, the results are as the followings: 1.The dispatched workers with junior college education have stronger inner values. 2.Younger workers or dispatched workers with shorter dispatched time have higher degree of emphasis on the payment reward. 3.The dispatched workers with university education have lower degree of emphasis on getting the higher position. 4.Married and volunteered dispatched workers have higher degree on job involvement. 5.Older and volunteered dispatched workers have lower degree on turnover intention. 6.Elevate the satisfaction of the inner values of the dispatched workers will lower the turnover intension of the dispatched workers. 7.Elevate the satisfaction of the inner values of the dispatched workers will lower the turnover intension of the dispatched workers. 8.The work values of the dispatched workers will influence the turnover intention through the work involvement of the dispatched workers.

As globalization is under its way, enterprises should take the turbulent business environment into account as the normal conditions. Furthermore, the advancement of information technology (IT) facilitates the information flow between departments inside and outside organization, and which brings us more convenient & flexible communication. The force of globalization and the IT impact is not only influence the employment systems, but also restructure the relationship among them. Following the dramatic change is that enterprises try their best to look for flexibility to cope with business needs. Unlike the traditional employment system, the dispatched employment is a system which involves the interaction among the three parties (dispatched worker, dispatch agency and working enterprise). The purpose of this research is to investigate the operation of this atypical employment from the perspective of working enterprise in the consumer banking. The method employed in this research is in-depth interview with eight cases. The purpose of interviewing can be classified into three aspects: 1. Understanding the operations of working enterprise associated with dispatched affairs, including reasons for employing dispatched workers, positions, and standards for selecting dispatch agency. 2. From the enterprises point of view, how the dispatch agencies dispatch their workers, including the services offered from dispatch agencies, recruiting, and the management of employment relationship, etc. 3. What are the expectations from the working enterprise, and how should the government and dispatch agency work hand in hand to make the whole process smoothly.

In the recent years, ¡§Atypical Employment¡¨ has been accepted by most of the enterprises. The enterprises of the software service industry use atypical employment originally from the design theory of Shamrock Organization to seek the professional technical manpower. This research is to find out the determinants of hiring contracted workers or dispatched workers based on the atypical employee. The results are as follows: I. The organizational background: 1. The larger the scale of organization is, the better the possibility of hiring the dispatched workers of the atypical employment is. 2. The software industry is more likely to hire the contracted workers of the atypical employment than other service industries are. II. The determinants of the enterprises hiring the atypical employment: 1. The higher the enterprises pay the salary packages, the better the possibility of the use of dispatched workers is. 2. The higher the employee training costs, the better the possibility of the use of the contracted workers is. 3. The higher the job needs the degree of professional skill, the better the possibility of the use contracted workers is. 4. The higher the job needs the special techniques, the better the possibility of the use of the dispatched workers is. 5. The more the enterprises have products in diversity, the better the possibility of the use of the dispatched workers is. 6. The more the flexibility of the job arrangement is, the better the possibility of the use contracted worker is. III. The changeable factors of manpower demand: 1. The higher the degree of the demand of manpower change is, the better the possibility of hiring dispatched workers.

In the face of internationalization and globalization, companies are adopting flexible and temporary hiring methods in dispatching to save their long-term costs and eventually increase their competitive strength. The method of dispatching has become a major trend in the field of human resource. This research exerts the methodology of case study and focuses on the companies which have adopted dispatching methods in their company or the agencies offering dispatching services. By in-depth interviews, we can understand the practices during dispatching process as well as supplier and customer relationship management. We will also identify the benefits for both parties when they fortify the exchange relationship. The following are our findings: 1.User enterprises can manage the relationship with suppliers and try to retain valuable ones, deepening the value and fortifying the effectiveness between both parties during dispatching process. 2.Dispatched agencies can consolidate the customer relationship by providing customized services and diversified products to user enterprises through customer relationship management. 3.In dispatching process, supplier and customer relationship management plays an important role in reinforcing the relationship between buyers and sellers and also strengthening the exchange relationship.

The Explorative Research About the Employment System and HR Practice of Employee Dispatching Industry in Taiwan ¡XUse The Related Industries in America as a basic of comparison Abstract How to effectively enhance the competitive competency is the most important goal for companies to accomplish in recent years. Traditional human resources management models have failed to work effectively because of the heightened competition. HR systems have experienced radical changes. In the more and more complex environment, the way to conquer the challenges of human resources management is the key point in making up companies¡¦ competency. To avoid the increasing cost of employment getting heavy, the companies tend to adopt a flexible HRM system to reduce the cost. This tendency gives rise to contingent work force. It also raises the interest of this study to discuss the newly controversial issue of the employee dispatching in Taiwan. However, the scholars always mentioned the related U.S. industries of the U.S. when discussing the local dispatching industry. This study will compare the similarities and dissimilarities between the related industries and the local dispatching industry. We wish to provide suggestions to the developing dispatching industry. Case study will be adopted in this research. We try to sketch the outline of the local dispatching industry through this method and compare the similarities and dissimilarities between the three industries. From this research, we can conclude that: 1.The concept of the employee dispatching is still not prevailing. The complete employee dispatching system has not yet been established. However, all the business owners think that the dispatching industry will keep growing. The growth of dispatching industry would solely appear in the quantity of dispatching. The professional employee dispatching isn¡¦t ready yet. 2.In the discussion of causes, the reasons for the rise of the dispatching industry are not really the same as the related industries of U.S. However, The reasons of using dispatching highly dovetail with those of U.S. and the characteristics of the dispatched workers are similar to those of the related industries. 3.In the discussion of the HR practice, we find that the HR function of the dispatching process is still rough. Most jobs of dispatching are at the simple and basic level and lack of challenge. This is one of the reasons why dispatching industry suffers the high turnover rate. Keywords: employee dispatching, dispatched worker, temporary help service industry, employee leasing industry

The determinants of the use of atypical employment and the effectiveness Abstract Atypical employment has been popular all over the world. Although there are plenty of articles about the current situation of the use of atypical employment, we still lack the studies about what determines of the use , how atypical employment influences labor costs, and what determines its future growth. Due to my interests upon the issues above, I made some analysis and got some conclusions: I. The determinants of the use of atypical employment 1. Contingent workers usually don¡¦t do nuclear work 2. Companies usually don¡¦t use atypical employment on professional jobs. 3. Companies usually use atypical employment when workload increases temporarily. 4. Temporary work is usually clerical and industrial. 5. Organizational size has positive effect upon atypical employment. 6. Labor collective contracts have positive effect upon atypical employment. 7. Companies in business-service industry use more atypical employment. 8. Benefit level has positive effect upon atypical employment. II. The determinants of cost saving after using atypical employment 1. The lower level of wage and benefits of contingent workers is the main reason to explain why cost saving happens after using atypical employment. 2. The use of professional temporary work has negative effect on cost saving after using atypical employment. 3. Low-skilled temporary work help firms to save labor costs. 4. Atypical employment causes higher mobility among regular workers and it has negative effect on cost saving. 5. Organizational size has positive effect upon cost saving after companies use atypical employment. 6. It is easier for companies of business-service and manufacturing industry to save labor costs after using atypical employment. III. The determinants of the future growth of atypical employment 1. Atypical employment growth is due to the need to get more employment flexibility and cost control. 2. Professional temporary work will grow significantly in the future. 3. Bad influences of atypical employment have positive effect on its future growth. 4. Collective labor contracts have positive effect on the future growth of atypical employment. 5. Both Taiwanese and foreign companies will increase atypical employment significantly in three years. 6. Organizational size has positive effect on the growth of atypical employment.