Manualized, evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for children are being increasingly incorporated in community mental health clinics. Yet, providers hold concerns about the appropriateness of manuals for community populations, as suggested by the research of Jensen-Doss, Hawley, Lopez and Osterberg. Such concerns could lead them to adapt EBTs in the field, potentially diminishing or increasing their effectiveness. Therefore, it is striking how little is known about provider-level manual adaptation in community settings. The present study investigated the extent to which therapists mandated to use a manualized EBT adapt the treatment in the field, including patterns, predictors and outcomes of adaptation. A typology of provider-level manual adaptation was created to describe sessions double-dipped (i.e., repeated), skipped, or flipped (i.e., delivered in reverse order). Patterns of manual adaptation used by a sample of 38 community therapists treating 288 depressed youths with Lewinsohn and colleagues? Adolescent Coping with Depression course (CWD-A) were described. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to identify which client and therapist characteristics predict manual adaptation, and whether adaptation is associated with greater improvement or worsening in youths? therapy outcomes. Adaptation was widespread and largely unsystematic, with no significant client predictors of repeats or flips. Sessions were skipped more often for youths belonging to families with higher income and youths with greater pre-treatment symptom severity, but less often for Hispanic and Asian youths relative to Caucasians. A significant portion of variability in adaptation was attributable to therapists, who showed habits in manual adaptation: therapists with more years of experience working at the clinics double-dipped sessions more often, and Hispanic therapists flipped sessions much less often than Caucasian therapists did. Finally, adaptation was significantly related with outcomes, such that doubledips were associated with worsened symptom severity, skips were associated with improved symptom severity, and flips were associated with worsened functioning. Given that these data suggest manualized EBTs are likely to undergo vast adaptation in community settings, and that such adaptation is related to client outcomes, further research is necessary to better inform practitioners about when each type of manual adaptation may be appropriate. Practical implications for implementation efforts are discussed.

Electronic digital billboards (Digital Signage).With the enhancement of market acceptance and concern by the industry, the manufacturers see that as a new market. In fact, digital signage is a new concept, in order to change the way for media management. In this study, we start our research for the panel manufacturers and industrial computer(IPC)manufacturers to explore the products and status of the industry, and analysis of industry competition and the current literature review and interviews with companies to understand the digital signage industry that how to combine techniques to achieve dimensional transportation network Focus Media's business model. In this study, industry analysis and strategy theory with relevant industry news, interviews by case companies in order to provide management and development of this industry reference, can be found with the following conclusions: 1. Outdoor media business and the new choice: to make broadcast media, the effect can be segmented and re-positioning traditional advertising model of profit-sharing and profit-making. 2. Through the integration of Internet and computer technology: electronic billboard advertising from the traditional master-slave relationship with the audience becoming the development of relations between the evolution of interactive 3. Industry can combine the information through a variety of service components in order to create added value. 4. Through the provision of technical cooperation and strategic cooperation has become the key to advancing industrial development.

The attitude of the building sector towards innovation and its intellectual and organizational preparedness for dealing with the issues of innovation is the aim of this study. The core question can be formulated as follows: Why does a building company accept certain innovations but not others? The fundamental ideas of the study are rooted in the central European tradition of the historico-qualitiative school of thought. Another basic idea for the thesis is Dewcy’s and Bcntley's theory of transactional cognition introduced in Sweden by Hanssen under the term ""field concept" according to which the content and object of knowledge are seen as an entirety. The reason for approaching the problem qualitatively. that is through not highly structured interviews based on the author's long personal experience in the sector, is its compound and many face ted nature a long with the fact that verbal discussion is firmly grounded in building sector tradition. Innovations has to pass trough three different filters. These filters are at the point where the innovation enters the company, during the bid preparation process and upon the absorption of the innovation into the project. Important factors influencing the passage through these filters arc papyrophobia, the old boy network (OBN) and the structure of the production system. Papyrophobia is expressed in a general reluctance to deal with theoretical issues and documentation. OBN denotes an informal communication network. Production is run by and within project organizations. i.e. repetitive ad hoc aggregates independent of the parent organization. These factors in combination with time and financial pressure obstruct the possibility of creating a research tradition. Characteristic features of the socio-cultural tradition of the sector are that it is male dominated, that the educational system classifies those working in the field according to trade and profession, and that the strong position of production aspects have brought to the forefront the energetic practitioner. His values are strictly professional. Information is to a great extent transmitted orally. There is strength in the ability of Swedish construction firms to plan and improvise within an established frame. However, a certain streak of marginalism with the potential of inhibiting innovation does exist in their pattern of action. Also typical of the tradition is the ideal of the free entrepreneur and the organization of large companies as confederations of a number of small and medium size firms. Finally, a fundamental cultural feature of the construction industry is openness. News spreads rapidly to a competitor. Innovations are disseminated in several ways, but one dominant pattern persists that cannot be seen in other industries. While the projects are important for testing and diffusion of innovations, the companies arc more intrumental in propagating information of innovations. The building materials industry's R&amp;D work follows a pattern similar to that of production companies in other sectors. The building sector's readiness to follow and work with innovation issues can generally be rated as low. The confinement of interest to production aspects combined with the marked open· ness provides ample room for the materials manufacturers and companies outside the sector to introduce new products and materials. In the long run, it is the gradual change in this assortment that will transform building techniques and technology. Change is generated by other sectors. / <p>Felaktigt ISBN <em>91-7870-087</em> är angivet i avhandling. ISBN är korrigerat till <em>91-7870-087-6</em>.</p>

Abstract As online social network services are becoming one of the dominant media channels the importance of disseminating messages through them is of high importance for governments, organizations, companies etc. The online social network services are several and changes rapidly as they grow and evolve. Being networks, the services give the user the tools to send, as well as receive text and information. This proposes us with yet another obstacle in communication via online social network services since sender and receiver merges together. Online social network services and the Blogosphere, which essentially also is a network, exist in the context of Web 2.0. The crucial feature of Web 2.0 is to a large degree the harnessing of collective intelligence i.e. the collection of individual knowledge and information. Many of the tools and sites within Web 2.0 are therefore of a network structure, hence further stressing the importance to communicate via networks in general. Network Analysis is the discipline through which we can see and understand the larger patterns of networks. In this thesis I have looked into three key concepts of Network Analysis; Weak Links, Growth and Preferential Attachment. I have found that we can use the knowledge of Network Analysis to disseminate messages via online social network services since it provides us with the raw structures of how networks tend to grow, and how messages tend to disseminate. Title: Web 2.0 and Network Society – PR and Communication: The Challenge of Online Social Networks Number of pages: 34 Author: Max Tandefelt Tutor: Else Nygren Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: HT 07 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University. Purpose/Aim: Facilitate message dissemination through online social network services, as they are becoming one of the dominant media channels Material/Method: Network Analysis Main results: I have presented crucial concepts of Network Analysis that can be used for message dissemination via online social network services Keywords: Online Social Network Services, Network Analysis, Web 2.0, Message Dissemination

Chemical pollution has become an environmental and human health concern. Small and medium-sized enterprises are becoming the focus of environmental researchers, as they have been found to collectively contribute a significant amount of the pollution due to improperly managed chemicals. This case study of Nova Scotia small and medium-sized enterprises aimed to collect baseline information regarding environmental and chemical management including what positive practices were in place, what areas required more assistance, what information is being requested and who should be the focus of information programs. Results indicated that there is significant room for improvement in both the environmental and chemical management practices of small and medium-sized enterprises, even though participants indicated they were employing responsible practices. Participants were however, able to provide multiple suggestions regarding information they require in order to improve their business operations and environmental performance, thereby indicating they are aware improvements are needed.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Räddningstjänsten sprider kunskap som erhållits från erfarenheter och övning, samt vilka strukturella faktorer som påverkar denna spridning. Med strukturella faktorer avses exempelvis hierarkier, avdelningsgränser, strategier för kunskapsöverföring och belöningssystem. Studiens empiri har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och är således en kvalitativ studie. Urvalet består av sju medarbetare på olika befattningar som bedömts som nyckelpositioner för kunskapsspridning. Studien utgår ifrån olika Knowledge management-strategier och Communities of practice för att förklara skapande och spridning av organisatorisk kunskap.   Resultatet påvisar att det finns olika spridningsmetoder för kunskap som består av ett avvikelsesystem, insatsrapporteringssystem samt Communities of practice inom arbetslagen. Data visar att spridningseffektiviteten varierar och att det föreligger olika hindrande och främjande faktorer för spridning av kunskap metoderna emellan. I studien framkommer det att kunskap sprids mest effektivt inom arbetslagen och avvikelsesystemets tydliga ansvarsfördelning och infrastruktur fungerar bättre än insatsrapporteringssystemet, då detta saknar struktur och har en svårhanterlig mängd information. / The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish fire brigade disseminates knowledge from experiences, obtained from emergencies and practice, and the structural factors that affect this distribution. Structural factors referred to in this study are for example hierarchies, department boundaries, strategies for knowledge transfer and reward systems. The study's empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews and is thus a qualitative study. The studies population consists of seven employees in various positions identified as key positions for knowledge dissemination. The study is based on various Knowledge management strategies and Communities of practice to explain the creation and dissemination of organizational knowledge. The result demonstrates that there are various methods of dissemination of knowledge consisting of a deviation system, effort reporting system and Communities of practice in work teams. Data show that the efficiency of dissemination varies and that there are both hindering and facilitating factors affecting the efficiency. The study shows that knowledge is disseminated most effectively within teams and that the deviation systems clear infrastructure works better than the effort reporting system, due to it’s lack of structure and unwieldy amount of information.

Syphilis is a global public health concern with 36.4 million cases worldwide and 11 million new infections per year. It is a chronic multistage disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum and is transmitted by sexual contact, direct contact with lesions or vertically from an infected mother to her fetus. T. pallidum is a highly invasive pathogen that rapidly penetrates tight junctions of endothelial cells and disseminates rapidly via the bloodstream to establish widespread infection. Previous investigations conducted in our laboratory identified the surface-exposed adhesin, pallilysin, as a metalloprotease that degrades the host components laminin (major component of the basement membrane lining blood vessels) and fibrinogen (primary component of the coagulation cascade), as well as fibrin clots (function to entrap bacteria and prevent disseminated infection). Furthermore, pallilysin expressed on the surface of the non-invasive spirochete Treponema phagedenis conferred upon this bacterium the ability to degrade fibrin clots. It was hypothesized that pallilysin is integral to the process of T. pallidum dissemination, and interference with its functioning will prevent spread throughout the host and establishment of chronic infection. To test this hypothesis, a two-pronged approach was undertaken during my thesis research. Bioinformatics analyses were used to trace the evolutionary history of pallilysin in an attempt to gain further insight into its role in the pathogenesis of T. pallidum. The sequence conservation of pallilysin was analyzed in the context of its homologues. The bioinformatics analyses revealed homologues in three spirochete genera, namely Treponema, Spirochaeta, and Borrelia, presented in decreasing order of the degree of sequence conservation. The HEXXH motif, part of the active site of the pallilysin metalloprotease, was fully conserved only in T. pallidum and T. paraluiscuniculi, both of which are systemic pathogens. However, the flanking sequences showed a high degree of conservation, especially in the Treponema and Spirochaeta genera. The minimum laminin-binding region of pallilysin identified previously was partially conserved among the treponema and spirochaeta homologues with the highest degree of conservation observed with the homologues from T. paraluiscuniculi and T. phagedenis, as well as among the homologues from the human oral pathogens. In vitro dissemination studies were performed to investigate the dissemination capacity of T. phagedenis heterologously expressing pallilysin. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells were seeded and grown to confluence on permeable inserts coated with growth factor-reduced Matrigel to create an artificial endothelial barrier. Wild type T. phagedenis, and T. phagedenis transformed either with the pallilysin open reading frame or its empty shuttle vector, were incubated with the barriers under anaerobic conditions. Dissemination across the barrier was assessed as percent traversal by both dark-field microscopic counts of treponemes and real-time quantitative PCR of genomic DNA extracted from the treponemes. The results were inconclusive. However, a traversal trend suggested heterologous expression of pallilysin may facilitate traversal of T. phagedenis across the artificial endothelial barrier. This study presented the first step towards elucidating the role of pallilysin in endothelial monolayer traversal and provided supporting evidence for the role of pallilysin in the widespread dissemination of T. pallidum in vivo. / Graduate

The Publish/Subscribe (pub/sub) model has been widely applied in a variety of application scenarios which demand loose-coupling and asynchronous communication between a large number of information sources and sinks. In this model, clients are granted the flexibility to specify their interests at a high level and rely on the pub/sub middleware for delivery of their publications of interest. This increased flexibility and ease of use on the client side results in substantial complexity on part of the pub/sub middleware implementation. Furthermore, for several reasons including improved scalability, availability and avoiding a single point of failure, the pub/sub middleware is commonly composed of a set of collaborating message routers, a.k.a. brokers. The distributed nature of this design further introduces new challenges in ensuring end-to-end reliability as well as efficiency of operation. These challenges are largely unique to the pub/sub model and hence absent in both point-to-point or multicast protocols. This thesis develops solutions that ensure the dependable operation of the pub/sub system by exploiting the notion of overlay neighborhoods in a formal manner. More specifically, brokers maintain information about their neighbors within a configurable distance in the pub/sub overlay and exploit this knowledge to construct alternative forwarding paths or make smart forwarding decisions that improves efficiency, bandwidth utilization and delivery delay, all at the same time. Furthermore, in the face of failures overlay neighborhoods enable fast reconstruction of forwarding paths in the system without compromising its reliability and availability. Finally, as an added benefit of overlay neighborhoods, this thesis develops large-scale algorithms that bring the advantages of the pub/sub model to the domain of file sharing and bulk content dissemination applications. Experimental evaluation results with deployments as large as 1000 nodes illustrate that the pub/sub system scales well and outperforms the traditional BitTorrent protocol in terms of content dissemination delay.

Food controls of restaurants are an important part of the work on environment and health at the environmental offices in Norrköping and Linköping municipality in Sweden. This is a study written by Johan Hoffstedt and Rebecca Miss at Linköping University. The purpose of the study “Låt inte maten tysta mun” was to chart the experience of the relationship and dissemination of information between restaurants and the environment and health authorities according to food inspectors as well as the chefs of the restaurant business. The aim of the study is also to investigate how previous research relates to the results of the study. A qualitative method was chosen, and eight semi structured interviews were conducted with four chefs and four food inspectors. The results showed that the response and the relationship between chefs and food inspectors was perceived as good by both parties, but a lack of information dissemination and communication was noted by the respondents. There were also shortcomings when it came to ways to contact, language resources, and the frequency of inspections according to respondents. The study concluded that there were improvement opportunities connected to digital solutions, proactive information, more frequent inspections and more directed information in a short, concise and accessible manner. Greater cooperation between environmental agencies and the Swedish Food Administration could facilitate information dissemination to restaurants. / Livsmedelskontroller av restauranger är en viktig del av arbetet med miljö och hälsa på miljökontoren i Norrköpings och Linköpings kommun. Det här är en C-uppsats skriven av Johan Hoffstedt och Rebecca Miss på Linköpings universitet. Syftet med studien ” Låt inte maten tysta mun” var att kartlägga upplevelsen av relationen och informationsspridningen mellan restauranger och miljö- och hälsovårdsmyndigheten enligt livsmedelsinspektörer samt restaurangverksamheternas kockar. Syftet med studien är även att undersöka hur tidigare forskning förhåller sig till studiens resultat. En kvalitativ metod valdes och åtta stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fyra kockar och fyra livsmedelsinspektörer. Resultatet visade att bemötandet och relationen mellan kockar och inspektörer uppfattades som bra av båda parterna men att brister fanns i informationsspridningen och kommunikationen. Det fanns även brister när det kom till kontaktsätt, språk, resurser, och frekvensen på inspektionerna enligt respondenterna. Slutsatsen var att det fanns förbättringsmöjligheter kopplat till digitala lösningar, proaktiv information, mer frekventa inspektioner samt mer riktad information på ett kort, koncist och lättillgängligt sätt. Ett större samarbete mellan miljökontoren och Livsmedelsverket skulle kunna underlätta informationsspridningen till restauranger.

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e de revisão da literatura cujo objetivo foi a elaboração de materiais informativos para os participantes de projetos de pesquisa clínica, seus familiares e médicos assistenciais, tais como Orientações ao Participante, Orientações sobre Pesquisa Clínica para Familiares, Comunicação de Inclusão em Pesquisa ao Médico Assistente, Comunicação de Encerramento de Participação em Pesquisa, Comunicação de Encerramento de Participação em Pesquisa para o Médico Assistente. Para embasar a elaboração destes materiais foram realizadas entrevistas semi-abertas sobre as percepções de pacientes participantes em um protocolo de pesquisa em Oncologia. Estas informações foram cotejadas com as vivências da aluna, que atuava como coordenadora de estudos clínicos. / It is a qualitative study and literature review whose objective was the elaboration of informational materials for the participants of clinical research projects, their families and care physicians, such as Participant Guidelines, Guidelines on Clinical Research for Families, Communication of Inclusion in Research for the Assistant Physician, Communication of Termination of Participation in Research, Communication of Termination of Participation in Research for the Assistant Physician. To support the preparation of these materials, semi-open interviews were carried out on the perceptions of patients participating in a research protocol in Oncology. This information was compared with the experiences of the student, who acted as coordinator of clinical studies.