学位授与大学：京都大学 ; 取得学位: 博士(工学) ; 学位授与年月日: 2007-09-25 ; 学位の種類: 新制・課程博士 ; 学位記番号: 工博第2847号 ; 請求記号: 新制/工/1419 ; 整理番号: 25532 / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13376号 / 工博第2847号 / 新制||工||1419(附属図書館) / 25532 / UT51-2007-Q777 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

There is evidence that the American agrifood system is a significant contributor to environmental, economic, social, and ethical-animal welfare damage to the earth and to society and is unsustainable, yet the worldview of a substantial percentage of the population conflicts with this assessment. A significant number of researchers, non-governmental organizations, and government entities assert that the detrimental effects of industrial agriculture must be addressed without delay and sustainable agricultural practices implemented. The transition from industrial to sustainable agriculture will not be a simple one. Attempting to change a worldview is not an easy task. A growing body of research in other disciplinary areas suggests that storytelling can serve as an effective method of fostering change. This mixed-methods study examines the role of storytelling in effecting positive change in worldview and attitudes toward sustainable agriculture. A review of the related literature revealed that no instrument was available to measure attitudes toward sustainable agriculture with consideration of economic, environmental, social, and ethical-animal welfare dimensions. The first objective of the study, therefore, was to design such an instrument. The instrument is called The Sustainable Agriculture Paradigm Scale and is used as a pre and post-test in the study. A number of open-ended questions were added to the post-test to solicit qualitative data. The study explores the effects of Story-based, that is, a told story and a read story, versus Information-based treatments, that is, a lecture and a read factsheet, on effecting positive change in attitudes toward sustainable agriculture. The qualitative data provides a secondary, supportive role exploring what characteristics of a story are associated with change. The hypothesis of the study is that Story-based treatments will be more effective in promoting positive change than will Information-based treatments. The findings of the study provide evidence supporting this hypothesis. The story characteristics found to be associated with positive change included: first-hand personal view, vivid description, and identification with the narrator. / Ph. D.

This thesis represents an analysis of symbolic expressions used to convey traditional Chinese cultural values in marital relations as expressed through costumes and lyrics in Peking Opera plays and performances. Two symbols, dragon and phoenix, were selected from the costume collection. Four symbols--bird, tiger, wild goose, and dragon--were selected from compilations of lyrics. These symbols were selected because they expressed Chinese core cultural values, an imperial ideology based on Confucian thoughts, which were practiced rigidly during Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Modeling Theory is applied to argue that dragon and phoenix as visual symbols convey ideas about characters' background, marital relationship, social status shifts, and socio-culturally desirable values. Social Drama Theory is employed to analyze the lyrics to understand how ideal images of husband and wife are constructed. The archetypes of Chinese traditional culture that have influenced Chinese thought and action for centuries are discovered and discussed.

This paper is focused on the concept of catharsis in classic Greek tragedy. In the first part, it traces historical context of this term particularly trough the work of Plato; and later, the main effort is devoted to Aristotle. It looks closely in Aristotle's Poetics and Politics, which are the only works where he mentions catharsis. After research of the Aristotle's texts, the study presents variety of interpretations that have arisen over centuries, examines them and derives an elementary understanding of catharsis. The second part of this work tries to trace catharsis in a sample of preserved tragedies of main Greek dramatists. It investigates tragic characters, plot and tragic emotions (i.e. pity and fear). The scope is to compare the Aristotle's theory and practice of dramatists, who lived one century before the theory had rised. Last but not least the study concludes by bringing forward an evaluation of this approach to the theory of Aristotelian catharsis.

As lacunas nos processos de comunicação entre as personagens dramáticas de Anton Tchékhov (1860-1904) apresentam-se como um traço básico e definitivo de sua poética. A análise dos processos comunicativos entre as personagens das quatro principais peças do autor - A gaivota (1896), O tio Vânia (1897), As três irmãs (1900) e O jardim das cerejeiras (1904) - elucida a criação de um novo paradigma artístico em seu sistema dramático, cujas inovações marcaram profundamente todo o teatro do século XX e exercem enorme influência até os dias de hoje. O presente trabalho apresenta um recorte das obras selecionadas em relação ao contexto russo da época, evidenciando inquietações que anunciavam transformações profundas na sociedade. Neste intuito, retoma a teoria dos gêneros literários e suas principais críticas, que realçaram a importância da relação entre os gêneros e o momento histórico em que se consolidavam; assim, adquire relevo nas análises o conceito de \"romantização\" dos gêneros proposto pelo filósofo e teórico literário russo Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), a partir da ideia de \"supremacia\" do único gênero em devir. Com a emersão de elementos épicos e líricos na dramaturgia tchekhoviana, observa-se como o diálogo, forma do gênero dramático por excelência, motor das ações que impulsionam o avanço do enredo no sistema dramático tradicional, tem sua unidade enfraquecida, fazendo com que o drama tchekhoviano necessite da encenação para realizar-se plenamente. O \"invisível\" e o \"indizível\", aquilo que subjaz às réplicas, que está latente justamente nas lacunas dos processos comunicativos entre as personagens, torna-se vital a este novo teatro, que acolhe e conta com a imaginação de leitores/espectadores. / The gaps in the communication processes between the dramatic characters of Anton Chekhov (1869-1904) consist on a basic and definite trait of the author\'s dramatic poetics. The analysis of the communication processes of four of Chekhov\'s major plays - The seagull (1896), Uncle Vanya (1897), Three sisters (1900) and The cherry orchard (1904) - elucidate the creation of a new artistic paradigm in the author\'s dramatic system, the innovations of which deeply affected the twentieth century theatre and have exerted a major influence until today. The study approaches the selected plays firstly considering the Russian context of the period, highlighting historical transformations that were already on course. Secondly, it examines the literary genres theory, as well as the most important criticism it suffered. The concepts developed by the Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), which took into account the relationship between the literary genres and the historical moments when they were being shaped, acquire great importance in our analysis. Specially the notion of the novel as a contemporary genre, which embraces and affects all the other genres. After clarifying this influence by identifying the presence of epic and lyric elements in Chekhov\'s plays, we observe how the dialogue, the traditional form of the dramatic genre, motor of the actions that push the plot forward, has its unit weakened. As a consequence, chekhovian drama needs staging to be fully achieved: what is not visible and cannot be reduced to words, what is latent in the gaps of communication, underlying the characters\' speeches, become vital to this new theatre, which welcomes and counts on the imagination of its audience.

As lacunas nos processos de comunicação entre as personagens dramáticas de Anton Tchékhov (1860-1904) apresentam-se como um traço básico e definitivo de sua poética. A análise dos processos comunicativos entre as personagens das quatro principais peças do autor - A gaivota (1896), O tio Vânia (1897), As três irmãs (1900) e O jardim das cerejeiras (1904) - elucida a criação de um novo paradigma artístico em seu sistema dramático, cujas inovações marcaram profundamente todo o teatro do século XX e exercem enorme influência até os dias de hoje. O presente trabalho apresenta um recorte das obras selecionadas em relação ao contexto russo da época, evidenciando inquietações que anunciavam transformações profundas na sociedade. Neste intuito, retoma a teoria dos gêneros literários e suas principais críticas, que realçaram a importância da relação entre os gêneros e o momento histórico em que se consolidavam; assim, adquire relevo nas análises o conceito de \"romantização\" dos gêneros proposto pelo filósofo e teórico literário russo Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), a partir da ideia de \"supremacia\" do único gênero em devir. Com a emersão de elementos épicos e líricos na dramaturgia tchekhoviana, observa-se como o diálogo, forma do gênero dramático por excelência, motor das ações que impulsionam o avanço do enredo no sistema dramático tradicional, tem sua unidade enfraquecida, fazendo com que o drama tchekhoviano necessite da encenação para realizar-se plenamente. O \"invisível\" e o \"indizível\", aquilo que subjaz às réplicas, que está latente justamente nas lacunas dos processos comunicativos entre as personagens, torna-se vital a este novo teatro, que acolhe e conta com a imaginação de leitores/espectadores. / The gaps in the communication processes between the dramatic characters of Anton Chekhov (1869-1904) consist on a basic and definite trait of the author\'s dramatic poetics. The analysis of the communication processes of four of Chekhov\'s major plays - The seagull (1896), Uncle Vanya (1897), Three sisters (1900) and The cherry orchard (1904) - elucidate the creation of a new artistic paradigm in the author\'s dramatic system, the innovations of which deeply affected the twentieth century theatre and have exerted a major influence until today. The study approaches the selected plays firstly considering the Russian context of the period, highlighting historical transformations that were already on course. Secondly, it examines the literary genres theory, as well as the most important criticism it suffered. The concepts developed by the Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), which took into account the relationship between the literary genres and the historical moments when they were being shaped, acquire great importance in our analysis. Specially the notion of the novel as a contemporary genre, which embraces and affects all the other genres. After clarifying this influence by identifying the presence of epic and lyric elements in Chekhov\'s plays, we observe how the dialogue, the traditional form of the dramatic genre, motor of the actions that push the plot forward, has its unit weakened. As a consequence, chekhovian drama needs staging to be fully achieved: what is not visible and cannot be reduced to words, what is latent in the gaps of communication, underlying the characters\' speeches, become vital to this new theatre, which welcomes and counts on the imagination of its audience.

No description available.

以整個明代來看，國祚近三百年，但初期在改朝換代的適應與摸索下，使 得原本已由元雜劇所掀起的戲曲熱潮，沉寂了大半個明代，直到嘉靖年間 才逐漸恢復生機。這股生機一觸即發，短短數十年便再度席捲文壇，吸引 了許多文人學士投入戲曲的創作和討論，諸如徐渭、李贄、湯顯祖、沈璟 、王驥德等人將萬曆劇壇妝點得多采多姿，並將戲曲理論推展至前所未有 的高峰。但戲曲理論的發展經驗仍淺，其內涵也不夠成熟，此時雖眾星雲 集、新銳並出，靠得是一股衝勁與爆發力，但待勢頭一過，冷靜的沉思與 深度的思考才是長久的紮根之計。而「晚明」正是擔任著這樣的工作--將 前人的意見總結、再思考，濃縮、再提煉。另一方面，由於理論需有作品 作基礎，劇論家常藉著品評以往當代作家的作品來建立自己的理論。其中 當代作品最能反映當時的創作現況，對其下針砭也最能發揮理論的功效， 但明代前中期的劇作不多，也缺乏探討的價值，因此只要有具代表性的典 型劇作出現，馬上就會吸引劇壇的注目，而《牡丹亭》就是這樣一部劇著 。雖然《牡丹亭》的出現夾著褒貶不一的評價，但不論是正面或反面，它 都有著引人深入探討、發掘的豐富性。當時幾乎所有的劇論家都曾對其發 表過意見，而這些意見匯整起來，則儼然是晚明戲曲理論的精華展現。我 們可以說，晚明劇論家對《牡丹亭》的流傳與討論深化了此劇的創作內涵 ，而《牡丹亭》的出現則刺激了晚明戲曲理論的開展，此兩者互為因果的 血脈關系，是值得我們重視的。綜上所述，本文遂欲以晚明時期對《牡丹 亭》的流傳討論為探討線索，以突顯當時戲曲理論承先啟後的重要性及時 代意義。在這□，「晚明」指得是萬曆中後期到崇禎末這段期間，更明確 的說，由於《牡丹亭》約完成於萬曆二十六年(1598)，明亡於崇禎十七 年(1644年)，晚明即代表1598到1644這四十六年的時段。本文即以此時段 中與《牡丹亭》有關的專文、序跋、評點、眉批、改編，乃至曲譜制定、 演出情形等，作一釐清、探討。再與萬曆之前及清代初、中期的理論特色 稍作比較，以突顯其過渡特色。本論文之研究主要採三個步驟進行：首先 是「外緣探討」，於第二章就晚明劇論的依存背景，作多方面的釐清，即 文學、思想背景，戲曲理論的發展概況及當時對戲曲的審美需求。其次是 「內緣研究」，於第三、四、五章分別就晚明時期對《牡丹亭》的批評風 氣、批評方式、批評內涵等作條理的分析。最後為「價值定位」，於第六 章總結晚明戲曲理論的時代意義，以明其對前代有所承繼、有所創新，對 後世又有所啟發、開展的樞紐地位。