The high age limit established by the compulsory school attendance law has caused the presence in high schools of many pupils of low intelligence. Classes composed entirely of these pupils will be referred to in this discussion as slow-moving groups. Teaching literature to these pupils is a particularly difficult problem. Many of them do not read with ease and hence cannot master the content when it is presented in the narrative method. They can not concentrate for a sufficient- ly long time to master it when the teacher uses the lecture method. It becomes necessary then to find some plan for teaching literature which will take into consideration the limited natural capacities of these slow-moving pupils

The purpose of this study is to make an investigation into the studies made and judgment expressed concerning the function of dramatization in the elementary school.

The writer purposes to discover the types of stories that appeal to the interest and imagination of children of the third grade, and to determine whether the literary qualities and the dramatic possibilities of the stories are within the understanding and ability of the group.

The aim of this thesis is to bring understanding of what constitutes improvisation in the service encounter. The study adopts a qualitative approach using hidden observations to categorize different types of improvisation in the service encounter. The improvisation themes discovered within the service encounter were experience, impulsiveness, theatrical, personality and emotionality. All of these are factors that influence improvisation. This study offers original contributions by explaining the fundamentals of improvisation in the service encounter. These fundamentals establish a framework and gives a clearer definition of what the concept improvisation implies.

Nous formons l’hypothèse que Racine met en scène une lutte contre l’indicible. Dans chaque pièce, il s’agit de révéler quelque chose d’inacceptable et d’impossible à dire. Comment dire ce qu’on ne peut pas dire ? Et surtout, comment ne pas provoquer l’effroi de celui qui écoute ? Le silence, qu’il représente une pure absence de mots ou un bruissement de voix permettant de ne pas répondre, se trouve ainsi au coeur de l’échange dialogique. La déclaration d’amour relève de cet indicible et suscite une tension permanente entre « dire » et « taire ». Cette étude s’articule donc autour du paradoxe suivant : parler est impossible, mais la réticence à dire, une fois surmontée, produit l’irrémédiable. La déclaration d’amour est l’emblème de ce procédé. Elle représente l’énoncé tragique par excellence, puisqu’elle engendre la fatalité. Révéler l’amour, c’est condamner l’autre. L’oracle fatal s’exprime par la bouche des personnages amoureux. Racine donne ainsi naissance à un nouveau théâtre de l’amour dans lequel la déclaration correspond à une crise existentielle. Le personnage racinien affirme son être-au-monde par l’expression de son amour qui fait violence à l’autre. / I argue that Racine represents the fight against the unspoken. Each play reveals something that is unacceptable and impossible to articulate. How does one state all that cannot be stated? Above all, how to avoid stirring the terror of the listener? Silence, whether it represents a pure absence of words or a murmuring of voices that inhibit an answer, finds itself at the core of the discursive exchange. The declaration of love emerges from the unsaid and brings about a permanent tension between « the spoken word » and « silence. » This study is based on the following paradox: speech is impossible, but the reticence to speak, once overcome, induces an irreversible process. The declaration of love is the symbol of this process. Its utterance represents the ultimate tragic enunciation as it engenders Fate. To show one’s love is to condemn the other.The fatal oracle expresses itself through the words of characters in love.Racine inaugurates a new theater of love in which the declaration corresponds to a deep existential crisis. The Racinian character asserts his subjectivity by expressing his love, though it violates the other.

In my thesis I concern with the use of motoric activities in math classes. The chapters that offer a range of motoric activities were processed on the base of a questionnaire and an experiment. Some of the activities are currently being implemented in math classes by teachers of first, second and third grades at primary schools, others are part of textbooks designed for this age group. In addition to that, I offer five more possible activities, which have been recorded and interpreted within six experiments. The goal of the thesis is to demonstrate that physical movement cannot be separated from the life of six to nine years old children, and offer some motoric activities, which can potentially be contributive for development of mathematical skills and abilities.

This thesis deals with dramatizations of literary works that were introduced at the National Theatre after1990. Compares prose texts with newly formed theatrical texts. It also focuses on the transformation of interpretations of individual works, which occurred as a result of dramatization. For each unfinished work also always gives relevant circumstances relating to the production.

L'objet de notre recherche est de clarifier les thèmes du réenchantement, de la théâtralisation et de l'expérience dans la distribution : ils correspondent à une réalité managériale diversifiée et répondent à l’impératif économique de se différencier dans un univers de plus en plus concurrentiel. Une étude menée auprès de professionnels de la distribution et de consommateurs de deux enseignes du secteur du jouet présentant des positionnements différents (expérientiel versus fonctionnel) nous permet de définir le concept de mise en scène d'un point de vente : création globale qui s'articuleautour des constituants suivants : décor ,scénario, acteurs, action, rebondissements et coup de théâtre. Cette vision holiste englobe la diversité des pratiques et dépasse l'équation théâtralisation = décor. Nous avons également établi que le consommateur vit une expérience spécifique lors de sa confrontation avec la mise en scène du point de vente. L'apport principal de cette thèse est de proposer le concept d’expérience de visite qui décrit l’interaction entre le consommateur et la mise en scène du point de vente. L’échelle de mesure développée comprend 5 dimensions : exploration, convivialité, exception, surprise et enchantement. Le prisme de l’expérience de visite représente graphiquement les scores atteints dans les 5 dimensions par une enseigne. Il permet ainsi de déterminer son degré de réenchantement et de procéder à des comparaisons avec ses concurrents. Nous avons eu recours au concept d'imagerie mentale, fondamentale dans la perspective expérientielle parmi les modalités sensorielles qui agissent dans la réception de l’expérience par le consommateur ; ce dernier interprétant la mise en scène grâce à la production d'images mentales. Une étude quantitative menée auprès des consommateurs des deux enseignes confirme :- qu'il existe des différences significatives entre enseignes pour chacune des dimensions de l’expérience ainsi que dans les caractéristiques des images mentales produites par le consommateur : nombre d’images, d’images congruentes suscitées par des techniques projectives, caractère agréable ;- que chacune des dimensions de l’expérience influence ces caractéristiques des images mentales ;- que chacune des dimensions de l’expérience influence le comportement d’achat : nombre d’articles achetés et nombre d’articles achetés non programmés.En effet, conscients de l’importance du critère de rentabilité des entreprises de distribution, nous avons mesuré l’impact de la production d’expérience sur le comportement d’achat. Le recueil des données dans les rayons s'est avéré d'une grande richesse et confirme la faisabilité technique pour les distributeurs de tester leur mise en scène in situ.Nos résultats montrent que l’expérience de visite est favorisée par la mise en scène du point de vente et exerce une influence sur le comportement d’achat. La mise en scène s’avère un levier stratégique que le distributeur doit s'appliquer à maîtriser et à rentabiliser afin d'améliorer ses résultats globaux. / The purpose of our research is to clarify the themes of reenchantment, dramatization and experience in retailing. They correspond to a diversified managerial reality and reveal the economic necessity to differentiate from competitors in ever increasing number. We have interviewed retailing specialists and consumers of two Toy retailers who have adopted opposite positioning : experiential versus functional. We have specified the French concept of dramatization : it is a global creation combining decor, scenario, actors, action, developments and coup de théâtre. This holistic view enables to include the variety of practices and to go beyond the equation dramatization = decor. We have highlighted that the consumer has a specific experience during the confrontation with the store dramatization. The main contribution of this design is to propose a new concept : the experience of visit, which describes the interaction between the consumer and the store dramatization. We have conceived a scale of measurement including five dimensions : exploration, conviviality,exception, surprise and enchantment. A prism shows graphically the scores reached by each of the five dimensions : for a retailer, it enables to measure his reenchantment level and to make comparison with competitors. The concept of mental imagery has been of great benefit for us. It is fundamental in the experiential perspective : among the sensorial modalities that act in the reception of experience, the consumer interprets the dramatization by the means of mental imagery.A quantitative study with consumers confirms that :- there exist significant differences between retailers for each dimension of the experience of visit, and for the characteristics of mental images produced by the consumer : number, number of congruent images and pleasantness ;- each dimension of the experience of visit has an influence on these characteristics of mental images ;- each dimension of the experience of visit has an influence on purchasing behavior : number ofpurchases and non planned purchases.Conscious that the return on investment is a main criterion for the managers, we have indeed measured the impact of experience production on purchasing behavior. Gathering the data in the store has revealed great interest and gives considerable support to the technical feasibility to test the store dramatization in situ. The results indicate that the experience of visit is favored by the store dramatization and has an influence on purchasing behavior. Managers should consider dramatization as a strategic means and try to control it and make it profitable.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / nÃo hà / Este trabalho intenta investigar como se dÃo os processos de mediaÃÃo simbÃlica atravÃs do uso de tÃcnicas de dramatizaÃÃo em intervenÃÃes de Psicologia ComunitÃria, tendo em vista compreender e articular teoricamente a tÃcnica de dramatizaÃÃo com questÃes relativas à arte e à brincadeira. As bases teÃricas se fundamentam na teoria histÃrico-cultural para a compreensÃo do funcionamento psÃquico e dos processos psicolÃgicos mediados. O estudo empÃrico foi realizado no contexto de uma situaÃÃo de intervenÃÃo em Psicologia ComunitÃria com um grupo de jovens de uma ONG em Fortaleza, sendo analisado apenas um encontro em que se trabalhou com a tÃcnica de dramatizaÃÃo, no qual o tema do debate era a âadolescÃnciaâ. Foi feito o registro em vÃdeo da situaÃÃo de intervenÃÃo escolhida para anÃlise, especificamente a atividade dramatizada, compreendendo esta em suas diferentes etapas, a fase de debate inicial (aquecimento), a dramatizaÃÃo propriamente dita e o momento de reflexÃo posterior gerado a partir da mesma. O procedimento de anÃlise foi tomado como construtivo-interpretativo, de modo que se realizou uma anÃlise de conteÃdo com a intenÃÃo de produzir indÃcios que permitissem traÃar nexos de inteligibilidade diante dos fenÃmenos estudados. Tendo em vista que no encontro analisado estava em questÃo o modo como os participantes do grupo concebiam e qualificavam caracterÃsticas e papÃis tomados como pertinentes à âadolescÃnciaâ, elegeu-se duas categorias de anÃlise, a saber: âconhecimento socialâ e âjulgamento moralâ. Os resultados da anÃlise apontam para as construÃÃes possibilitadas a partir da dramatizaÃÃo e sÃo considerados nas articulaÃÃes possÃveis entre a arte, a brincadeira e o funcionamento psÃquico. Neste sentido, a situaÃÃo de dramatizaÃÃo pode se constituir um processo mediado, na medida em que traduz e objetifica nÃo somente uma experiÃncia individual, mas tambÃm diz de uma vivÃncia perpassada pela histÃria do lugar e pelas interaÃÃes sociais estabelecidas, bem como abre espaÃo para reelaboraÃÃo da experiÃncia como ato criador. Ao mesmo tempo, a dramatizaÃÃo pode ser compreendida como ato de imaginaÃÃo, assim como à concebida a brincadeira numa visÃo histÃrico-cultural, ou seja, esta nÃo à concebida como uma aÃÃo simbÃlica isolada, mas està vinculada à imaginaÃÃo, que tal como as demais funÃÃes psicolÃgicas superiores, à oriunda da aÃÃo. A imaginaÃÃo, portanto, à tomada como o brinquedo sem aÃÃo e compÃe o cenÃrio da dramatizaÃÃo. / This work has the purpose of investigate how occur the process of symbolic mediation through the use of dramatization techniques in Community Psichologyâs interventions, having the will to comprehend and theoretically articulate the dramatization technique with related questions to art and play. The theoric bases are found in the Cultural-Historical theory for the comprehension of the psychical unctioning and the psychological mediated process. The empiric study was fulfilled in the context of a Community Psichologyâs intervention situation with a group of teenagers from a NGO at Fortaleza, being analyzed only one meeting in which the dramatization technique has been worked with and the topic of the debate was âadolescenceâ. The intervention situation choosed for analysis was registered in video, specifically the dramatized activity, acknowledging that in itâs different stages, the initial debate phase (warming), the dramatization itself and the later moment of reflexion generated by the dramatization. The analysis proceeding was handed as interpretative-construtive, in a way that was realized a contend analysis with the intent to produce clues that allowed to trace links of of intelligibility on the studied phenomena. Observing that the question in the analyzed meeting was the way how the teenagers of the group conceived and qualified the characteristics and papers captured as relevant to âteenagerâ, two analysis categories were elected: âSocial Knowledgeâ and âMoral Judgmentâ. The analysis results point to the constructions allowed by the dramatization and are considered in the possible articulations between the art, the play, and the psychical functioning. In this sense, the dramatization situation can constitute a mediated process, in so far as translate and objectifies not only an individual experience, but also says about a living per passed by the history of the place and the social interactions made, and also opens space for the re-elaboration of the experience as creator act. In the same time, the dramatization can be comprehended as an imagination act, so as it is conceived the play in a cultural-historical vision, meaning that it isnât conceived as an isolated symbolic act, but it is linked to the imagination, that, just as the others psychical functions, is originated by the action. Therefore, the imagination is captured as the toy without action and composes the scenery of dramatization.

Many pedagogues believe science centres to be a good complement to the more formal school teaching. For a visit to a science centre to be as educational as possible, there is a need for pre-visit information of some sort, a guided visit, and post-visit work. Many science centres offer loan services of different kinds. At Navet, a science centre in Borås, teachers can borrow boxes with experiments connected to the different themes they provide. The experiments are supposed to be a continuation of the visit and help settle the knowledge gained during the visit. This thesis is an evaluation of how the boxes function in the schools, and what the teachers think of them. The study was conducted through questionnaires and interviews with both teachers and the staff at Navet. The results of the study are very positive. Many teachers have been involved with Navet from the very beginning and they see a visit to Navet as an integrated part of their teaching. Some boxes work better than others and some might need clearer information, but overall the teachers see the boxes as timesavers, as a way to vary their teaching more easily, and as a help for teachers not specialized in mathematics and science.