Every building needs to be built on solid foundations. Hydromills are machines used to make it possible in excavating very hard ground. This project is about the creation of a test bench for hydraulic motors called here hydromill motors. Excavating is really soliciting for the equipment and leads to many breakages that is why the company asked for the creation of a test bench to measure the lifespan and the reaction of their motors to the forces acting during the cutting. It is complicated to copy the forces and shocks happening in reality because they are very high with quick variations, also depending on the ground. This test bench will have to create high variable loads acting on several directions, a high counter-rotation torque corresponding with the resistance of the ground to the cutting, as well as angular and longitudinal shocks to simulate the hits on the rocks by the teeth.Furthermore the measuring of the internal pressure and hydraulic flow plus the deformations of the main parts of the motors has to be enable by the test bench. The main part of this internship was devoted to the choice of the technical solutions to realize the functions of the test bench as well as the research of companies able to create the test bench elements. Many of them are not conventional due to the high requirements and have to be manufactured individually. In the end an evaluation of the costs and production will give all the information to the company to decide to manufacture it.

O conforto acústico é um fator que, ultimamente, tem ganhado importância na indústria automobilística, especialmente porque o ruído de freio tem se apresentado como uma das principais causas de desconforto acústico para os usuários. Com isso, o material de atrito é alvo de contínuas pesquisas, com intenção de reduzir os ruídos, mas o sistema de freio também tem responsabilidade no ruído. O ruído de freio tipo squeal ocorre em altas frequências e destaca-se por ser o ruído de freio mais economicamente importante, pois gera elevados custos de acionamento da garantia do veículo. O squeal é induzido pelo efeito do atrito, existindo técnicas de simulação numérica para avaliar esse fenômeno, que se baseiam na análise de autovalores complexos (CEA) do sistema de freio. Os trabalhos encontrados na literatura tratam quase exclusivamente sobre sistemas de freio a disco. Diante disso, esse trabalho visa apresentar uma metodologia de análise de instabilidade dinâmica em sistemas de freio a tambor, considerando os efeitos de amortecimento. É utilizado o programa ANSYS e o Método dos Elementos Finitos para realizar esse estudo. Ao longo do trabalho são apresentadas discussões sobre fatores de influência nas frequências auto excitadas, como amortecimento, coeficiente de atrito e pressão de acionamento. A técnica de CEA é aplicada a dois sistemas de freio a tambor, com geometrias diferentes, sendo os dois casos validados através da comparação com resultados veiculares. Os modelos numéricos são ferramentas muito úteis, e a referida análise fornece grande vantagem no desenvolvimento de um sistema de freio acusticamente confortável. No entanto, os parâmetros de entrada no modelo numérico precisam ser coerentes e cuidadosamente definidos. A metodologia se mostrou adequada para avaliar o fenômeno de acoplamento modal induzido por atrito. / Acoustic comfort has become increasingly important nowadays, especially because brake noise is one of the major causes of acoustic discomfort to the users. Thus, the friction material is a continuous research target, intended to reduce noise, but bearing in mind that the brake system also has responsibility in noise. The squeal noise occurs at high frequencies and stands out for being the most economically important type of brake noise, because it generates high costs of the activation of the vehicle warranty. Squeal noise is induced by friction, and there are numerical simulation techniques to assess this phenomenon, which are based on the complex eigenvalues analysis (CEA). Studies in the literature deal almost exclusively on disc brake systems. Therefore, the present work addresses the dynamic instability analysis methodology applied to drum brake systems, where the damping effect is considered. It is used ANSYS and the Finite Element Method program to perform this study. The influence of damping, friction coefficient and working pressure on the self-excited frequencies of the brake system are discussed throughout this work. CEA technique is applied to two drum brake systems, which have different geometries. These two cases are validated by comparison with results obtained in vehicle tests. The numerical models are very useful tools, and this analysis provides great advantage in developing an acoustically comfortable brake system. However, the input parameters in the numerical model must be carefully defined and consistent. The methodology proved to be adequate to evaluate the modal coupling phenomenon induced by friction in drum brake systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 115847.pdf: 25635272 bytes, checksum: 1ec634734e012e50e7ca3a2cc9bc6e54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation presents an organological study of the drum set, including the key musical contexts which had representativity for their creation, the aesthetic transformations present in the process and the development of a standardized and commercially widespread configuration, wich has reflected in the physical identity of the acoustic drum until the present day. Among the several musical contexts in which the instrument gained performance space, the Brazilian instrumental music represents a fertile field of the use of concepts and techniques developed in the drum set and also the of adaptation of ancient percussive practices that have printed rhythms and musical genres coined in Brazil. To identify some of the elements that situate musical traits of the drum set in Brazilian instrumental music, we opted for a study on the drum set performance of Marcio Bahia, from the Hermeto and Group. In this sense, are addressed historical and biographical clippings, interviews and musical analyzes that reveal the features that constitute the performance of Marcio Bahia and, consequently, elements that integrate a drum set language expressed in the investigated context of the Brazilian instrumental music. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo organológico da bateria que inclui os principais contextos musicais que tiveram representatividade para o seu surgimento, suas transformações estéticas presentes neste processo e no desenvolvimento de uma configuração padronizada e difundida comercialmente, que tem refletido na identidade física da bateria acústica até a atualidade. Entre os diversos contextos musicais nos quais o instrumento conquistou espaço de atuação, a música instrumental brasileira representa um campo fértil do uso de concepções e técnicas desenvolvidas na bateria e também da adaptação de práticas percussivas ancestrais que imprimiram os ritmos e gêneros musicais cunhados no Brasil. Para identificar alguns dos elementos que situam traços musicais da bateria na musica instrumental brasileira, optou-se por um estudo sobre a performance na bateria de Marcio Bahia no Hermeto e Grupo. Neste sentido, são abordados recortes históricos e biográficos, depoimentos e análises musicais, que revelam as características que constituem a performance de Marcio Bahia e consequentemente elementos que integram uma linguagem de bateria expressa no contexto investigado da música instrumental brasileira.

O conforto acústico é um fator que, ultimamente, tem ganhado importância na indústria automobilística, especialmente porque o ruído de freio tem se apresentado como uma das principais causas de desconforto acústico para os usuários. Com isso, o material de atrito é alvo de contínuas pesquisas, com intenção de reduzir os ruídos, mas o sistema de freio também tem responsabilidade no ruído. O ruído de freio tipo squeal ocorre em altas frequências e destaca-se por ser o ruído de freio mais economicamente importante, pois gera elevados custos de acionamento da garantia do veículo. O squeal é induzido pelo efeito do atrito, existindo técnicas de simulação numérica para avaliar esse fenômeno, que se baseiam na análise de autovalores complexos (CEA) do sistema de freio. Os trabalhos encontrados na literatura tratam quase exclusivamente sobre sistemas de freio a disco. Diante disso, esse trabalho visa apresentar uma metodologia de análise de instabilidade dinâmica em sistemas de freio a tambor, considerando os efeitos de amortecimento. É utilizado o programa ANSYS e o Método dos Elementos Finitos para realizar esse estudo. Ao longo do trabalho são apresentadas discussões sobre fatores de influência nas frequências auto excitadas, como amortecimento, coeficiente de atrito e pressão de acionamento. A técnica de CEA é aplicada a dois sistemas de freio a tambor, com geometrias diferentes, sendo os dois casos validados através da comparação com resultados veiculares. Os modelos numéricos são ferramentas muito úteis, e a referida análise fornece grande vantagem no desenvolvimento de um sistema de freio acusticamente confortável. No entanto, os parâmetros de entrada no modelo numérico precisam ser coerentes e cuidadosamente definidos. A metodologia se mostrou adequada para avaliar o fenômeno de acoplamento modal induzido por atrito. / Acoustic comfort has become increasingly important nowadays, especially because brake noise is one of the major causes of acoustic discomfort to the users. Thus, the friction material is a continuous research target, intended to reduce noise, but bearing in mind that the brake system also has responsibility in noise. The squeal noise occurs at high frequencies and stands out for being the most economically important type of brake noise, because it generates high costs of the activation of the vehicle warranty. Squeal noise is induced by friction, and there are numerical simulation techniques to assess this phenomenon, which are based on the complex eigenvalues analysis (CEA). Studies in the literature deal almost exclusively on disc brake systems. Therefore, the present work addresses the dynamic instability analysis methodology applied to drum brake systems, where the damping effect is considered. It is used ANSYS and the Finite Element Method program to perform this study. The influence of damping, friction coefficient and working pressure on the self-excited frequencies of the brake system are discussed throughout this work. CEA technique is applied to two drum brake systems, which have different geometries. These two cases are validated by comparison with results obtained in vehicle tests. The numerical models are very useful tools, and this analysis provides great advantage in developing an acoustically comfortable brake system. However, the input parameters in the numerical model must be carefully defined and consistent. The methodology proved to be adequate to evaluate the modal coupling phenomenon induced by friction in drum brake systems.

O projeto de um sistema de freios a tambor é altamente especializado, por este motivo é um produto terceirizado ou black box, onde os fornecedores investem em pesquisas e detém patentes de sua construção e materiais. Porém, cabe a montadora definir os requisitos do produto, propor o plano de validação do projeto do freio à aplicação no veículo ao qual se destina e interpretar os resultados para aprovação. Parte da execução deste plano é delegada ao fornecedor (DFMEA, simulações numéricas, ensaios acelerados em bancada), enquanto as partes de certificação governamental, desempenho e durabilidade em veículo são de responsabilidade da montadora. A metodologia existente para desenvolvimento de freios a tambor destina-se ao desenvolvimento conjunto de um novo carro e um novo sistema de freio completo. Assim, além das incertezas sobre parâmetros do projeto de veículo que influem no projeto do freio, existe uma maior facilidade de se alterar os sistemas de interface do freio a tambor, uma vez que ainda não existem ferramentais produtivos. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para o desenvolvimento de um novo fornecedor de freios traseiros a tambor para veículos já em produção, sob o ponto de vista da engenharia de produto. A metodologia proposta pretende atender as necessidades das montadoras de automóveis instaladas no Brasil, uma vez que estas necessitam buscar alternativas no fornecimento de sistemas automotivos de grande responsabilidade, com qualidade e custos globalmente competitivos. Esta metodologia é destinada à substituição do fornecedor (e portando no projeto) do freio a tambor, visando especialmente redução de custos, para veículos já em produção, procurando manter inalteradas as peças de interface, além de preservar ou, se possível, exceder os parâmetros de qualidade, durabilidade e desempenho do sistema ao qual virá a substituir. Para comprovar a metodologia apresentada, esta é aplicada a um caso real para um veículo de passeio pequeno, e então são apresentados os resultados parciais. / The project of a system of drum brakes is highly specialized, for this reason is a third part product, so-called black box product, where the suppliers invest in research and withhold patents of its construction and materials. However, the car OEMs define the requirements of the product, propose the validation plan for the brake project to the application in the vehicle it destines and evaluate the results for approval. Part of the execution of this plan is delegated to the supplier (DFMEA, numerical simulations, speed up bench tests), while steps of governmental certification, performance and durability in vehicle are of responsibility of the OEMs. The existing methodology for drum brake development destines to jointly development of a new car and a complete new brake system. Thereby, beyond uncertainties on parameters of the vehicle project that influence in the project of the brake, it is easier to modify the systems of interface with the drum brake, therefore productive tooling not yet exists. The dissertation purpose is to propose a methodology for development of new supplier of rear drum brakes for vehicles already in production, under the point of view of the product engineering. The methodology proposed intends to attend the needs of the car manufacturers installed in Brazil, once those are searching alternatives of suppliers of great responsibility automotive systems, with globally competitive costs and quality. The methodology proposed is destined to replace the supplier (and also the project) of the drum brake, aiming for cost reduction specially, for vehicles already in production, looking for keeping parts of interface unchanged and to maintain or, if possible, to exceed the parameters of quality, durability and performance of the system which it will come to substitute. To confirm the proposed methodology, this is applied to a real case for a small passenger vehicle and then the partial results are shown.

Orientadores: Fernando Augusto de Almeida Hashimoto, José Roberto Zan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barsalini_Leandro_D.pdf: 19158845 bytes, checksum: 6a87dc73a25a56a5259c8ba5afb3d474 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade identificar modos de execução do instrumento bateria no samba, ilustrados em registros fonográficos realizados por vários artistas desde a década de 1930. A partir da escuta das gravações, empreendeu-se a prática musical visando a consequente reprodução dos respectivos padrões de execução da bateria; posteriormente, trechos foram selecionados, transcritos e analisados. Tais análises se desenvolveram com base nos aspectos musicais (técnicos e interpretativos) diretamente observados, bem como da própria contextualização histórica dos exemplos em questão. Dessa maneira, foram também considerados aspectos decorrentes da escuta da música como um produto cultural, gerado em diferentes condições tecnológicas e fruto de determinações estéticas e mercadológicas. Sendo assim, os dados levantados através da observação e da prática musical deram suporte a reflexões, no sentido de desvendar os sentidos das estratégias musicais levadas a cabo pelos bateristas citados, entendendo que tais estratégias foram condicionadas, ainda que muitas vezes de maneira inconsciente por parte dos protagonistas, pelas demandas e transformações da sua esfera de atuação no mercado de trabalho. Como resultado, foi possível entender em que medida certas abordagens da bateria se conectam ou se distanciam de procedimentos técnicos comuns a instrumentos "típicos" da percussão do samba, iluminando um panorama histórico e musical construído a partir do ponto de vista da prática do instrumento bateria, e alicerçado em quatro matrizes estilísticas: o samba batucado, o samba escovado, o samba conduzido e o samba fraseado. Na medida em que cada padrão de execução utiliza elementos característicos a uma ou mais matrizes, são revelados níveis de conflitos entre os ideais de tradição e modernidade, norteadores em grande parte dos estudos sobre música popular brasileira / Abstract: This research aimed to identify different ways to play drumset on the samba rhythm, illustrated in phonograph records made by several artists since the 1930s. From listening to the recordings, the consequent musical practice aimed to reproduct the standards drumset patterns; later passages were selected, transcribed and analyzed. Such analyzes are developed from music (technical and interpretive) aspects directly observed, and also the historical context of the examples itself. Thus, were also considered issues arising from listening to the music as a cultural product, generated in different technological conditions and the result of aesthetic and market determinations. Thus, the data collected through observation of musical practice have supported reflections, to unravel the meaning of musical strategies undertaken by drummers mentioned, understanding that such strategies were conditioned, yet often so unconscious by of the protagonists, by the demands and changes in their sphere of activity in the labor market. As a result, it was possible to understand the extent to which certain approaches connect the drumset to common technical procedures of "typical" samba percussion instruments, illuminating a historical and musical panorama built from the point of view of the practice of the drumset, and grounded in three stylistic matrix: the samba batucado, the samba escovado and the samba de prato. As each pattern uses characteristics elements of one or more matrix, levels of conflict are revealed between the ideals of tradition and modernity, guiding in most studies of Brazilian popular music / Doutorado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Doutor em Música

PAPER COPY ACCOMPANIED BY A DVD OF CHILDREN'S PARTICIPATION IN THE WORKSHOPS. This research project investigated the potential of African drumming to enhance the emotional and social well-being of children in residential care. Sixteen children from the Epworth Children’s Village in South Africa were purposively selected to participate in the study. The majority of participants had been exposed to some form of neglect and/or abuse and displayed high levels of anger, anxiety, depression and/or disruptive behaviour. Mixed in terms of gender and ethnicity, they fell within the middle childhood stage of development. The participants attended weekly sessions of African djembe drumming over a period of four months. Principles and practices of indigenous African music making formed the foundation of the drum circle facilitation approach used. Gestalt theory, as applied in Gestalt play therapy, provided the theoretical framework from which the therapeutic dimensions of African drumming were explored. A mixed methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, was employed. For the quantitative component, participants completed the Beck Youth Inventories, measuring self-concept, anxiety, depression, anger and disruptive behaviour, before and after the project. Concerning the qualitative aspects, focused observations were conducted wherein all video-recorded workshops were regularly and systematically analysed to assess the children’s emotional and social functioning. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with relevant staff members and children, respectively, in an attempt to explore the value and feasibility of presenting such a programme within the residential care setting. According to the Inventories’ pre- and post-test results, the intervention did not appear to significantly impact upon the participants’ self-concept or levels of depression, anger or disruptive behaviour. Anxiety, on the other hand, increased. Qualitative findings nevertheless suggest that the workshops substantially enhanced the children’s emotional and social functioning, albeit only for the duration of the sessions. The workshops markedly improved participants’ self-esteem and self-confidence, pro-social behaviour, enjoyment, concentration and manifestation of musical capacity (aspects which reflect Gestalt concepts of awareness, contact, self-regulation, self-expression and mastery). Reasons for the failure of these improvements to transfer to the children’s everyday functioning may involve the severity of their socio-emotional difficulties as well as limitations within the drumming intervention itself. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Music / unrestricted

In 2006 resin accounted for approximately 17% of the direct manufacturing costs for oriented strand board (OSB). Because of their increased dependency on pMDI-resins, this percentage is likely greater for oriented strand lumber (OSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The cost of PF- and pMDI-resins is expected to face upward pressure as the cost of their primary constituents, natural gas and crude oil, continue to reach new highs. Therefore, there is strong economic incentive to optimize the use of resin in the production of these three products. This can be accomplished by addressing two key issues: reducing resin wastage and optimizing resin distribution on the strands. Both issues will be overcome by focusing on the blending process, where resin is applied to the strands. This work focused on development and use of a discrete element model (DEM) for simulating strand flow in a rotary drum blender using the EDEM software package. EDEM required the input of three material and three interaction properties. Development of the model involved creating the simulated environment (i.e. physical dimensions) and assigning appropriate material and interaction properties given this environment and the assumptions that were made. This was accomplished in two steps, completing baseline bench-top experiments and a literature review to determine appropriate parameters and initial value ranges for these properties, and then fine-tuning these values based on a validation process. Using the validated model, an exploratory study was conducted to determine the effect of four blender design and operating parameters (flight height, number of flights, blender rotational speed, and blender fill level) on bulk strand flow. The results were analyzed with regards to overall trends and by focusing on two perspectives, end users and blender manufacturers. It was found that there was a strong relationship between these key parameters and bulk strand flow. These results suggest that operating parameters of a blender, namely rotational speed and tilt angle, should be linked directly to the blender feed rate to ensure an optimal blending environment is maintained. In addition, manufacturers of blenders must take into consideration the range in final operating conditions when designing and positioning flights. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Drum and YOU are two general interest magazines which share the same publisher, language (English), format, and are compiled by many of the same journalists and editors. The greatest distinction between the two publications is that Drum is aimed at a specifically black readership while YOU caters for a general, cosmopolitan South African readership. With various commonalities in the production of Drum and YOU, what do the differing commodities, discourses and cultural repertoires presented in Drum in comparison to YOU communicate about the conceived black audience/s by the magazines'producers? In contrast to the dominant body of research on Drum magazine, which has been dedicated to pre-1994 editions, the investigation undertaken in this research focuses on post-apartheid editions of Drum under the commercial ownership of Media24. This also provides a unique opportunity to compare and contrast Drum and YOU which has not been extensively explored in the past. A theoretical study on some of the credible, plausible discourses circulating in Drum drew from Laden's (1997; 2003) research on black South African middle-class magazines and Steyn's (2001) studies on narratives of whiteness including colonial and apartheid policy discourses. Other theory considered to identify types of discourses included those on self-stylisation, excorporation and the historic, cultural influence of Drum in black South African identity formation. Critical discourse analysis is employed to discern the distinction and boundaries between the conceived black middle-class readerships of Drum and YOU. A multifarious content is present in Drum magazine for the diverse post-apartheid black middle-class of South Africa. Discourses of the African traditional and conservative feature side-by-side with contemporary, liberal and Western discourses; while the cultural repertoires of the bourgeois middle-class are presented beside the more modest commodities of the lower-income working class. This communicates an increasingly integrated South African consumer culture and a willing bourgeois solidarity amongst middle-class groups, creating a larger consumer class for advertisers and marketers in South Africa. In comparison to YOU, the discourses of the conservative-African-traditional provide a distinctive feature of Drum. However, this discourse is limited to realms which do not threaten the prevailing magazine culture of consumerism and the dominant global culture of Western science and reason. The other great distinction from YOU is Drum’s prominent educating and didactic function, offering an aspirant lifestyle by marketing a range of Western technologies and commodities. This is in addition to suggesting options for desirable social conduct and socially-responsible behavior.

Detta examensarbete är utfört på uppdrag av Cidema AB i Skellefteå och omfattar framtagningen av en teknisk lösning som i dagsläget saknas i företagets sortiment. Uppdragsgivaren har efter kundförfrågningar uppfattat att det finns ett behov av en transportörlösning som tillbehör till den egna produkten, käftkrossen, Danex DX 8. En käftkross är en maskin som används för sönderdelning av hårt och grovt material till en mer lätthanterlig storlek. Modellen DX 8 är en portabel kross som är avsedd att användas vid mindre rivningsprojekt för sönderdelning av bland annat betong, tegel och kakel.  Målet med projektet är att i slutändan erhålla en teknisk lösning som anpassats efter käftkrossens utformning och given kravspecifikation. Resultatet av projektet blev en bandtransportör som i enlighet med kravspecifikationen anpassats till käftkrossen och dess behov av utveckling, för att bättre tillfredsställa kunders önskemål på förbättrad ergonomi och mångsidighet. Transportören har anpassats att fungera både för in-matning och bortforsling av rivningsmaterial, till och från krossen. Detta bidrar till att krossen, med projektets tekniska lösning, kräver mindre fysisk ansträngning vid in-matning av material samt är oberoende av ett vakuumaggregat för bortforsling av material.