La problématique principale de cette recherche concerne la musique traditionnelle des Créoles, en Guyane. Produit d’un contexte historique, sociologique et culturel inédit, elle sert en même temps de ciment de l’identité créole sur ce territoire. Ici, la culture des premiers habitants, les Amérindiens, mais aussi celle des colons français et des esclaves africains est à l’origine de la formation de la société créole, et avec elle, de la culture et des traditions sous-jacentes, dont les musiques traditionnelles et leurs six rythmes principaux : le grajé, le léròl, le grajévals, le béliya, le kanmougwé et le kasékò qui font l’objet de mon étude. Par ce truchement, les performances vocales à travers un répertoire de chants en langue créole et les performances instrumentales par l’accompagnement principalement de tambours, montrent la réalité de la nature des rythmes fondamentaux de la musique traditionnelle créole guyanaise comme un fait social original, du reste attesté par des écrits du Révérend Père Labat dès le XVIIIe siècle. Mes observations de ce fait social m’ont permis de mettre, entre autres en exergue le rôle de l’instrument soliste (le tanbou koupé), celui des accompagnateurs, avec le tanbou foulé, guide suprême des instruments accompagnateurs du système musical créole guyanais, et le tanbou plonbé, véritable marqueur métrique. L’apprentissage de tous ces instruments et les savoir-faire qui en découlent sont transmis à la fois par les Gangan (les Anciens), par les groupes traditionnels constitués en association et par le biais des écoles de musique. Malgré les apports musicaux européens, américains et antillais, la musique traditionnelle créole guyanaise garde son authenticité, que je traite dans cette thèse, authenticité qui se renouvelle en tant qu’élément identitaire, tout en servant de base aux nouvelles compositions, dont la contribution de la jeunesse est significative aujourd’hui. / The main topic of this research is the traditional music of the Creoles, in French Guiana, a product of a unique historical, sociological and cultural context, cement of the creole identity. The cultures of the first inhabitants, the Amerindians, that of the French colonists and that of the African slaves are the cement of the creole society of French Guiana, and with it, of the underlying cultures and traditions, such as the traditional music and its six main rhythms: the grajé, the léròl, the grajévals, the béliya, the kanmougwé and the kasékò. The performances, either vocal, through a repertoire of songs in creole, or instrumental, accompanied mainly by drums, show the reality of this original and social fact, attested to by writings since the eighteenth century. The researcher shows the role of the soloist tanbou koupé, the tanbou foulé supreme guide accompanying instruments, and tanbou plonbé, the metronome drum, which is taught by the Gangan (the elderly), traditional groups and music schools. Despite the European, US and Caribbean musical contributions, the traditional Creole music of French Guiana keeps its authenticity, it is renewed thanks to a young population, and it is the basis for new musical compositions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3176219 bytes, checksum: 52cc9f63816eb64b9870125bb84fe2a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26 / The scarcity of farmland, reducing the supply of irrigation water and lack of technologies for conservation, makes the globalized world facing serious difficulties in the production of food for its population. The most viable outlet for this dilemma is the dissemination of technologies, economically viable and available to the whole population, for dehydration of perishable foods produced. This paper presents a solar dryer of direct exposure to the production of dried fruit, made from recycled polyethylene drum of 200 liters, used for storing water or trash. The drum was sectioned in half in its longitudinal axis and has its halves together forming a trough-like structure. It describes the processes of construction and assembly of solar dryer proposed, whose main characteristic its low cost, and was designed for use by people with low income, for processing fruits widely available in our region (mango, banana, guava, cashew, pineapple, tomato and others) in dried fruit and flour, contributing significantly to increase the life of these foods. The nuts and flours can be used for own consumption and for marketing jobs and income generation. Tests were conducted to diagnose the feasibility of using solar dryer for the various types of tropical fruits. Were also compared parameters such as drying times and thermal efficiency obtained with the prototype found in the specialized literature in food dehydration. The drying times in the dryer were obtained competitive with those obtained in other models of dryers LMHES developed / A escassez de ?reas de cultivo, redu??o da oferta de ?gua para irriga??o e falta de tecnologias para conserva??o, faz o mundo globalizado enfrentar graves dificuldades na produ??o de alimentos para sua popula??o. A sa?da mais vi?vel para tal dilema ? a dissemina??o de tecnologias, economicamente vi?veis e dispon?veis a toda popula??o, para desidrata??o dos alimentos perec?veis produzidos. Este trabalho apresenta um secador solar de exposi??o direta para a produ??o de frutas secas, fabricado a partir de um tambor de polietileno reciclado, de 200 litros, usado para armazenamento de ?gua ou lixo. O tambor foi seccionado ao meio, em seu eixo longitudinal, e teve suas metades unidas formando uma estrutura tipo calha. Ser?o descritos os processos da constru??o e montagem do secador solar proposto, que tem como principal caracter?stica seu baixo custo, e foi idealizado para uso de pessoas com baixa renda, para o processamento de frutas amplamente dispon?veis em nossa regi?o (manga, banana, goiaba, caju, abacaxi, tomate e outros) em frutas secas e farinhas, contribuindo significativamente para aumentar a vida ?til desses alimentos. As nozes e farinhas podem ser utilizadas para consumo pr?prio e para trabalhos de marketing e gera??o de renda. Foram realizados testes para diagnosticar a viabilidade do uso de secador solar para os diversos tipos de frutas tropicais. Foram tamb?m comparados par?metros como tempos de secagem e efici?ncia t?rmica, obtidos no prot?tipo com os encontrados na literatura especializada em desidrata??o de alimentos. Os tempos de secagem obtidos no secador foram competitivos com os obtidos em outros modelos de secadores desenvolvidos no LMHES

Orientador: Fernando Augusto de Almeida Hashimoto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_GuilhermeMarques_M.pdf: 4224662 bytes, checksum: 281e052081c6a7efe47394ae75da899b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente dissertação investiga a atuação do músico Airto Moreira tendo como enfoque sua performance como baterista, observada num período específico de sua carreira, que vai de 1964 até 1975. São discutidos cinco procedimentos musicais adotados pelo músico de forma recorrente, que são tomados como aspectos distintivos em sua prática, e, portanto vistos como traços característicos de seu estilo. O cruzamento de dados provenientes de transcrições e análises musicais com dados oriundos da história oral compõe a base para esta discussão, cujo objetivo é responder a hipótese central deste trabalho que considera Airto Moreira o principal ponto de contato entre duas importantes gerações de bateristas brasileiros / Abstract: The present dissertation investigates the role of Airto Moreira as drummer, and it is focused on a specific period of his career between 1964 and 1975. Five musical procedures are discussed and taken as distinctive aspects in his playing and therefore seen as specific traits of his style. The musical discussion is placed in perspective by crossing data of transcripts and musical analyzes with information from oral history. This combination of data seeks to answer the hypothesis that considers Airto Moreira the principal link between two major generations of Brazilian drummers / Mestrado / Praticas Interpretativas / Mestra em Música

abstract: The current research is based on the principles of three-dimensional discrete element method (3D – DEM) through simulations, by using heat transfer models in EDEM, to investigate the effects of fill level, rotation rate and particle size on the steady-state conduction heat transfer in rotary drums. The high heat and mass transfer rates obtained through rotary drums make them very useful for powder mixing and heating processes in metallurgical, cement, mining, pharmaceutical, detergent and other particulate processing applications. However, these complex processes are difficult to model and operate since the particles can have a wide range of properties, and there is currently no way to predict the optimal operating conditions for a given material. Steady-state heat transfer by conduction forms the basis for understanding other steady-state and unsteady-state heat transfer in a rotary drum – conduction, convection and radiation. Statistical analysis is carried out to determine the effects of these process parameters and find optimal operating conditions, which will thereby improve the heat transfer efficiency in rotary drums. A stainless-steel drum with a diameter of 6 inches and a length of 3 inches was modeled in EDEM with silica beads of sizes 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm at fill levels of 10%, 17.5% and 25%, and at rotation rates of 2 rpm, 5 rpm and 10 rpm. It was found that the heating uniformity increased with decreasing particle size, decreasing fill level and increasing rotation rate. This research is the first step towards studying the other heat transfer modes and various other process parameters. Better understanding of the various heat transfer modes, when used in combination for heating the particles, will be beneficial in improving the operating efficiency, reducing material costs and leading to significant energy conservation on a global scale. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Chemical Engineering 2020

This research aims to provide a full view of knowledge in charcoal production for fossil coal replacement. Charcoal from biomass is a promising material to replace fossil coal, which is using as heating source or reactant in the industrial sector. Nowadays, charcoal with quality comparable to fossil coal is produced by high-temperature pyrolysis, but efficiency of the production is relatively low due to the trade-off between charcoal property and yield by pyrolysis temperature. Increasing charcoal yield by means of secondary char formation in pyrolysis of large wood particles is the primary method considering in this work. This research has explored increasing efficiency of charcoal production by bio-oil recycling and CO2 purging. These proposed techniques significantly increase concentration and extend residence time of volatiles inside particle of woodchip resulting extra charcoal. Characterization of charcoals implies negligible effect of these methods on charcoal properties such as elemental composition, heating value, morphological structure, and chemical structure. Besides, reactivity of charcoal slightly increased when these methods were applied. A numerical model of pyrolysis in a rotary kiln reactor has been developed to study the effect of design parameters and conditions in reactor scale. The simulation results showed fair prediction of temperature profiles and products distribution along the reactor length. Nonetheless, to deliver full knowledge in charcoal production, further works are planned to be done at the end of this doctoral research.

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of a tool for generating drums triggers from a downmix record. The work describes the preprocessing of the input audio signal and methods for the classification of strokes. The drum classification is based on the similarity of the signals in the frequency domain. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the number of dimensions and to find the characteristic properties of the input data. The method support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the data into individual classes representing parts of the drum kit. The software was programmed in Matlab. The classification model was trained on a set of 728 drum samples for seven categories (kick, snare, hi-hat, crash, ride, kick + hi-hat, snare + hi-hat). The success of the system in the classification is 75 %.

Low oxygen tolerances of ten fishes were estimated using an original nitrogen cascade design, and reciprocally transformed to express responses as ventilated volume necessary to satisfy minimal oxygen demand (L·mg O2^-1). Values ranged from 0.52 to 5.64 L·mg^-1 and were partitioned into three statistically distinct groups. Eight stream fishes showed moderately high tolerances reflecting metabolic adaptations associated with stream intermittency. Juvenile longear sunfish and two mollies comprised the second group. High tolerance of hypoxia may allow juvenile sunfish to avoid predation, and mollies to survive harsh environmental oxygen regimens. The sheepshead minnow was the most tolerant species of low oxygen, of those examined, explaining its presence in severely hypoxic environments.

I denna studie har jag undersökt hur min övning på trumset och slagverk ser ut inför spel med RI-ensemble och slagverksensemble. Studien har utgått från ett designteoretiskt perspektiv och forskningsfrågorna: 1) Hur designar jag mitt övande till respektive ensemble? 2) Vilka semiotiska resurser används och hur används de? Under studien har jag samlat in data genom att filma några övningspass och skrivit loggbok. Därefter har jag analyserat min data utifrån en tematisk analys för att lyfta fram hur de semiotiska resurserna används, vilka mönster som finns i min planering och hur jag använder olika övningsmetoder och strategier. Detta för att få en så klar bild som möjligt över hur mina övningspass ser ut. Resultatet visar mitt genomförande av övningspassen och lyfter också fram olika metoder och strategier jag använt, till exempel långsamt övande, överdrivna rörelser och att upprepa de rätta rörelsemönstren. Studien presenterar också litteratur och forskning som är relevant för ämnena övning, trumset och slagverk. I slutet av studien förs en diskussion kring mitt resultat i förhållande till denna litteratur och designteorin. / In this study I have explored how my practice on drum set and percussion looks like before playing with a RI-ensemble and a percussion ensemble. The study has been based on a design theoretical perspective and the following research questions: 1) How do I design my practice to each ensemble? 2) Which semiotic resources are used and how? During the study I´ve been gathering data by filming some of my practice sessions and writing a logbook. I have then analyzed my data based on a thematic analysis to highlight how the semiotic resources are used, what patterns are shown in my planning and how I use different types of methods- and strategies in my practice. This is done to get a clear understanding on how my practice sessions looks like. The result shows my execution of the practice session and also highlights different methods and strategies I used, for example I used slow practicing, excessive movements and repeating the correct movements. The study also presents literature and research that is relevant for the subjects of practice, drum set and percussion. At the end of the study, there is a discussion about my result compared to the presented literature and the design theory.

No description available.

This dissertation details the methods and analysis of extensive physical tests and simulation conducted by the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS) at Virginia Tech on the maneuverability, roll-stability, and brake type performance of 33-ft double trailers. Little literature exists for 33-ft doubles because they are uncommon on the U.S. roads due to current federal restrictions limiting long-combination vehicles to 28-ft doubles. With the continual rise in e-commerce, however, there is a push by package carriers on legislation to permit carriers to introduce 33-ft doubles into their fleets. Three separate studies detailed herein highlight 33-ft double trailers' off-tracking, roll-stability with stability control systems, and brake type influence on braking performance. The first study compares low-speed off-tracking of a 33-ft double to 28-ft double and 53-ft single configurations via simulation and full-scale tests. Novel numerical tractrix models are introduced and compared to existing models commonly used to evaluate low-speed off-tracking of long combination vehicles (LCVs). Unlike pre-existing models, accuracy of one of the proposed models is largely unaffected by input path resolution and regularity—a significant benefit for reducing computational cost and easing implementation for many applications. Full-scale tests are conducted at Virginia Tech and an extensive uncertainty analysis is detailed for the test procedure and measurements. Field tests compare favorably with simulations for all tested maneuvers and trailer configurations and clearly demonstrate the order from least to most off-tracking as 28-ft double, 33-ft double, and 53-ft single. The 33-ft doubles have slightly larger off-tracking than 28-ft doubles, whereas 53-ft singles have substantially larger off-tracking than 28-ft and 33-ft doubles. The second study evaluates 33-ft double straight-rail trailers rollover propensity with different stability control system implementations: stock (none), tractor electronic stability control (ESC), trailer roll-stability control (RSC), and RSC+ESC. Extensive test vehicle instrumentation and structural reinforcement are detailed for the test preparations. Tests are conducted on a test track with either driver or robot steering. On their own, both ESC and RSC clearly reduce the rollover propensity of the trailers for all maneuvers, and the trailers exhibit the highest roll-stability when both RSC and ESC are active. The tested ESC and RSC modules are off-the-shelf products from industry suppliers chosen by the program sponsor. The third study compares trailer drum and disc brake performance in three conditions: straight-line braking distance, brake type influence on RSC performance, and roll dynamics in a combined braking and turning maneuver. A braking robot is designed, fabricated, and implemented to provide precise and repeatable brake pedal application. Test results suggest that disc brakes tend to provide reduced braking distance and are less susceptible to brake fade than drum brakes. Anti-lock braking system (ABS) and suspension dynamics react differently to the two brake types. Small, noticeable differences in RSC performance are evident between the two brake types. Within the test limitations, rollover dynamics were not clearly different between the two brake types for braking-in-turn maneuvers, performed for a large range of entry speeds and brake activation delay relative to the start of steering. / Doctor of Philosophy / Due to their large size, mass, and high center-of-gravity, heavy vehicles, especially long combination vehicles (LCVs) require a substantial amount of space to negotiate turns, long distances to brake from highway speeds to a stop and are susceptible to rollover. Combination vehicles on the U.S. roads are commonly in 53-ft single trailer or 28-ft double trailer configurations. With the continual rise of e-commerce, package carriers are pursuing 33-ft double trailers to increase each vehicle's cargo volume. Before introducing these trailers into a fleet, there is a need to understand (1) if 33-ft doubles can negotiate existing routes traveled by 28-ft double and 53-ft single configurations, (2) if 33-ft doubles can benefit from existing stability control systems, and (3) how trailer brake types perform on 33-ft doubles. Three separate studies are conducted to address these topics. The first study compares off-tracking for the three mentioned trailer configurations through low-speed, real-world maneuvers via physical full-scale tests and simulation. Off-tracking is a metric illustrative of maneuverability and is defined as the relative distance in paths of the rearmost axle to the lead steer axle. New mathematical models are introduced and used to simulate vehicle motion through low-speed maneuvers. The simulation and field tests determine that, for all tested maneuvers, the order from smallest to largest off-tracking is 28-ft double, 33-ft double, and 53-ft single configurations, with the 33-ft doubles having slightly larger off-tracking than 28-ft doubles. This suggests that 33-ft doubles can travel through routes typically traveled by a 53-ft single but need slightly more space on the road than a 28-ft double. The second study tests 33-ft double trailers with and without stability control systems. Tests, conducted at a test track, are designed to replicate real-world maneuvers that induce trailer rollover. It is found that the 33-ft double trailers are clearly less likely to rollover with the tested stability enhancement systems than without. The tests also illustrate that the different tested control systems' effectiveness in reducing rollover propensity is maneuver dependent. The third study tests the braking distance, brake influence on the stability control systems, and rollover dynamics while braking-in-turn for two different types of brakes, drum brakes and disc brakes. Small but evident differences in the performance of the two brake types suggest disc brakes could provide shorter stopping distance and time at highway speeds, compared with drum brakes. The studies detailed in this dissertation provide valuable information on 33-ft doubles dynamics and provide guidance for their safe introduction on the U.S. roadways.