Mediation of special education disputes varies between states. This study addressed the ways in which the practices and methods of evaluation differ between five states: Hawaii, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and New Jersey. This includes such factors as provision of services, alternative dispute resolution procedures, mediation style, and mediator training. Data were examined regarding mediation rates, rates of agreement, and the types of students/issues involved. The research focused on the ways the states used participant feedback to assess their own performance. Extant data from two states, Iowa and Minnesota, were examined to determine which factors impacted overall evaluation of the mediation process and satisfaction with the outcome. States were similar regarding the provision of services, although the agency overseeing mediation differed. Methods of alternative dispute resolution varied greatly, and were strongly tied to the perspective of each state. Large differences were found between states relating to mediation usage and agreement rates. Content analyses were conducted on the survey instruments. The greatest number of questions addressed the impact on the relationship between participants, followed by fairness of the process, and then skills of the mediator. Overall, participants were satisfied with the mediation process. Satisfaction with the outcome was moderate to high, but diminished over time. There were no significant differences in satisfaction ratings between parents and school officials in either state, but individuals who reached a resolution were most satisfied with the mediation process. The ability to discuss and understand the important issues was the largest predictor of satisfaction. Improved communication in the long term was strongly related to satisfaction, but improved communication within the mediation session was not. Additionally, Iowa parents felt more satisfied when they were better able to understand their own perspective and their views were considered before any solutions or agreements were made. Iowa school officials were more satisfied when they were better able to understand the parents' perspective. In Minnesota, an improved relationship with the other party predicted greater satisfaction with the mediation outcome for the school officials, but not parents. Mediator skills and impartiality were important factors for the school officials only. / School Psychology

Research studies and commentaries have analyzed the formal mechanisms associated with special education conflict such as the use of mediation and impartial hearings to resolve disputes. However, specific information regarding the management of special education conflict at the school level is in shorter supply. This study addresses special education conflicts between school personnel and parents of children with disabilities to understand better how these conflicts might be managed more successfully. The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations and implications for managing special education conflicts at the school building level. Multi-vocal synthesis methods were used to collect and to analyze data in an iterative process incorporating results from a content analysis of previous research with analysis of interviews with stakeholders having a vested interest in managing special education conflict at the school level (Gersten & Baker, 2000; Ogawa & Malen, 1992). Findings suggest that providing parents with evidence that their child’s needs are being met would pave the way for successful school-based special education conflict management. In conclusion, the participants indicated that conflicts could be avoided or managed successfully if school personnel could provide parents with clear evidence (a) that their child’s IEP was being followed in the classroom; (b) that accommodations were provided; (c) that staff were knowledgeable about providing services in an inclusive environment; (d) that administrators were knowledgeable about special education compliance issues; and (e) that staff would be held accountable for providing an appropriate education and for demonstrating trustworthy behavior. / Ed. D.

Although some literature exists that examines special education due process practices, the studies have been done in different ways and consequently result in different outcomes. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the one-and two-tier due process system in the United States. The study focused on national practices of due process, issues disputed, and disability categories involved in special education conflicts. A survey of the 50 state directors of special education and the director from the District of Columbia was conducted to obtain information concerning due process hearings and dispute resolution for the time period 1986-1987 to 1990-1991. Records of all reported special education litigation for the same time period were obtained from the Law Offices of Charles L. Weatherly in Atlanta, Georgia. Data from the states providing due process information were analyzed with a t-test. The remaining data, both from the survey instrument and litigation records, were analyzed using qualitative analysis, frequency counts, and percentages of the raw data. Findings of the study reveal a slight national trend toward a one-tier due process system for special education dispute resolution. Furthermore, placement remains the most frequently litigated issue, and specific learning disability the most frequently involved category in special education disputes. Finally, there is no predictable relationship between the size of the disability population and the volume of special education litigation. The results of the study evidenced the need for continued research of national practices of due process. Additional research is also needed in the areas of mediation, the costs of due process hearings, and hearing officer's authorization to award attorney fees. / Ed. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Friedrich Wilhelm Lowenthal.pdf: 800567 bytes, checksum: 13e41dd30e8aca2753610f3d62d4aa53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-14 / This paper discusses the constitutional guarantee of due process of law, with emphasis on its substantive dimension. It investigates the applicability of substantive due process within the scope of the Brazilian legal order based on precedents of the Supreme Federal Court, in addition to analyzing the origins and development of the constitutional doctrine of substantive due process in its cradle, meaning the precedents of the U.S. Supreme Court. As an interpretation instrument, identifying and understanding the interpretive phases related to the principle of substantive due process and its dimensions under U.S. Law adds breadth to the study and understanding of the substantive due process doctrine within the scope of the Brazilian legal order / O presente trabalho trata da garantia do devido processo legal, com ênfase na sua dimensão substancial. Empreende uma investigação acerca das origens e do desenvolvimento do devido processo legal substancial, enfocando o ambiente em que o mesmo apresentou seu desenvolvimento mais fecundo: a jurisprudência da Suprema Corte norte-americana. A partir da identificação das diversas fases interpretativas que o princípio do devido processo legal substancial assumiu no direito estrangeiro, a sua compreensão é enriquecida, possibilitando, ao intérprete, uma utilização mais consistente e consciente desse importante ferramental hermenêutico. Objetiva verificar a aplicabilidade, em nosso ordenamento jurídico, do devido processo legal substancial, utilizandose, para tanto, o exame da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal

No abstract available / Jurisprudence / LL.M.

The right to due process is an important part of both civil and arbitration proceedings. However, this basic right is protected in different ways and even the mechanisms for checking whether the process adhered to the due process rules are different. For standard civil proceedings in Europe, European Court for Human rights is the final body which decides whether the rules on due process were adhered to. Commercial arbitration does not have a mechanism for checking whether the proceedings were justly carried within itself, therefore it is checked within the enforcement proceedings which are in most states covered by the New York Convention. In investment arbitration, the adherence to due process will be analyzed within the annulment proceedings. The thesis "Right to Due Process: the comparison of arbitration and human rights case law" deals with the question whether the argumentation of the European Court of Human Rights in its rich case law can be used on arbitration cases where the accessibility of case law is problematic. First, the thesis looks at whether there is a standard of the protection of due process in arbitration and according to the European Court for Human Rights. This thesis further deals with the direct or indirect use of the European Charter on Human rights for arbitration. For the...

O direito à razoável duração do processo, inserido expressamente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a partir do advento da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004, já poderia ser inferido desde a incorporação da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, bem como ser considerado um corolário da garantia do devido processo legal. Todo indivíduo tem o direito a um processo sem dilações indevidas, em especial aquele que se encontre submetido a uma prisão preventiva, medida cautelar pessoal de extrema gravosidade. Nesse contexto, exsurge o direito que o indivíduo preso preventivamente tem de que o seu processo seja julgado em um prazo razoável ou de que ele seja desencarcerado, caso preso além da necessidade fática contida no caso concreto. Entretanto, a interpretação da garantia não pode restar somente à livre vontade dos aplicadores do direito, sendo necessária uma regulamentação legal efetiva da duração da prisão preventiva, por meio de prazos concretos nos quais o sujeito deverá ser posto em liberdade, ante a desídia estatal. Incorporando experiências estrangeiras, deve o legislador pátrio adotar marcos temporais legais, em que a prisão preventiva deverá cessar, caso excessivamente prolongada. Muito embora no ano de 2011 tenha sido reformada a tutela das medidas cautelares pessoais no Código de Processo Penal, o legislador ordinário não aprovou a imposição de limites de duração da prisão preventiva, permanecendo ao livre arbítrio das autoridades judiciárias a interpretação da garantia em referência. Assim, o Projeto de Lei do Novo Código de Processo Penal, atualmente em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, ao prever limites máximos de duração da prisão preventiva, dá uma efetiva regulamentação à garantia da duração razoável do imputado preso, devendo ser, espera-se, mantido no eventual texto final aprovado. / The right to reasonable duration of process, inserted expressly into Brazilian law from the advent of the 45th Constitutional Amendment, of 2004, could already be inferred since the incorporation of the American Convention on Human Rights, as well as be considered a corollary of the due process of law clause. Each individual has the right to a process without undue delay, specially those submitted to preventive detention, personal precautionary measure of extreme severity. In this context, arises the right of the individual who is preventively arrested that his case is ruled within a reasonable time, or that he is set free, when remanded beyond factual necessity. However, the interpretation of such right cannot be left only to the free will of law enforcers, needing an effective legal regulation regarding the duration of preventive detentions, through concrete marks in which the individual must be set free, before the state negligence. Incorporating foreign experiences, Brazilian legislator must adopt temporal legal marks, in which preventive detention must cease, in case it is excessively delayed. Despite modification in 2011 of the legal regulation of personal precautionary measures contained in the Criminal Procedure Code, the ordinary legislator did not approve the imposition of limits of duration regarding preventive detention, remaining to the free will of judicial authorities the interpretation of the referred right. Thus, the Project of the New Criminal Procedure Code, currently in progress through the National Parliament, containing maximum limits of duration regarding preventive detention effectively regulates such guarantee thus must be, as expected, held in the final approved legal text.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-29T13:47:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 forca_invasiva.pdf: 1280052 bytes, checksum: 5e295bbe2f790b318f4861ecc276db12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-29T13:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 forca_invasiva.pdf: 1280052 bytes, checksum: 5e295bbe2f790b318f4861ecc276db12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / O Direito contemporâneo no Brasil, inegavelmente, passa por uma crise no campo processual penal, dada à celeridade das mudanças na sociedade oriundas das novas tecnologias e à política reinante de combater qualquer forma de delito, em especial, as organizações criminosas, a corrupção, os delitos endêmicos sob a bandeira do interesse público. Para tão hercúlea tarefa, nas últimas duas décadas, dezenas de leis foram promulgadas para o enfrentamento dos delitos, bem como adequar o aparato estatal e a máquina do Judiciário. Este estudo ousa analisar o resultado de uma das ferramentas utilizadas para este enfrentamento, v.g., a Lei de Interceptação Telefônica - Lei nº 9.296/1996 -, tendo por referência, os julgados nos Tribunais superiores, cujas ações penais tiveram a utilização da citada lei. Diversas operações policiais de grande vulto ocorreram nestes anos com a prisão de milhares de pessoas e a identidade do Direito Penal e Processual Penal sofreram alterações devido a estas novas leis; ou seja, os Profissionais do Direito tiveram que se adequar à nova visão, não de forma gradual, mas sim rapidamente com o impacto causado. Verificou-se, a duras penas, que nem o Estado, nem os profissionais, nem mesmo o Direito Processual Penal estavam preparados para tanto ante a aplicação da lei infraconstitucional e das premissas constitucionais. Problemas de toda ordem surgiram: perdeu-se a fé no garantismo da lei, Direitos Fundamentais foram aviltados em nome do interesse público, golpeando, por vezes, o Devido Processo Legal. Writs Constitucionais como o Habeas Corpus foram impetrados para fazer valer os Direitos Fundamentais dos envolvidos, resultando em solturas dos presos, anulações de interceptações telefônicas e até de sentenças. Ad exemplum operações como a Nicotina em Foz do Iguaçu; Cevada em Foz do Iguaçu e Rio de Janeiro; Pôr do Sol no Rio Grande do Sul; Têmis em São Paulo; e outras como Pacenas em Mato Grosso; Castelo de Areia em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro; Sathiagara em São Paulo; Toque de Midas em Mato Grosso. Este estudo faz análise do resultado dos julgados nos Tribunais pátrios, referentes às operações: Norte Câmbio, Nicotina, Pôr do Sol, Castelo de Areia e Sathiagara, com o objetivo de demonstrar os problemas apresentados com a utilização da Lei de interceptação telefônica versus Devido Processo Legal. Considerações sobre Interesse Público, Direitos e Garantias Constitucionais, Devido Processo Legal embasam o estudo, além da análise da Lei nº 9.296/1996. Julgados em sede de Habeas Corpus que versam sobre questões de Direitos Constitucionais em paralelo com a Lei nº 9.296/1996. / The Contemporary Right in Brazil, undeniably, goes through a crisis in the procedural, given the rapidity of changes in society arising from new technologies and the reigning political of combat any form of crime, especially organized crime, corruption, crime endemic under the banner of public interest. For such a Herculean task, the last two decades, dozens of laws have been enacted to confront the crimes and bring the state apparatus and the machinery of justice. This study dares to analyze the result of one of the tools used for this clash, the Telephone Interception Act - Law No. 9.296/1996 - with reference to the trial in the superior courts, whose criminal actions were the use of said statute. Several high-major police operations occurred in recent years with the arrest of thousands of people and identity of the Criminal Law has changed due to these new laws, that is, operators of the law had to fit the new vision, not gradually, but rather quickly with the impact. It was found, the hard way that neither the state nor the professionals, not even the Criminal Procedure Law were prepared to do so against law enforcement and the infra-constitutional premises. All sorts of problems arose: lost faith in the guarantee of law, fundamental rights have been vilified in the public interest, striking, sometimes the Due Process of Law. Constitutional Writs and Habeas Corpus have been filed to enforce the fundamental rights of those involved, resulting in releases of prisoners, cancellation of telephone intercepts and even sentences. Ad exemplum operations such as nicotine in Foz do Iguacu, Barley in Foz do Iguaçu and Rio de Janeiro; Sundown in Rio Grande do Sul; Themis in São Paulo; Pacenas in Mato Grosso; Sand Castle in São Paulo; Sathiagara in São Paulo; Midas Touch in Mato Grosso.This study is based on analysis of the results of operations of the patriots courts: North Exchange, Nicotine, Sundown, Sand Castle, Sathiagara in order to demonstrate these problems presented with the use of Law interception versus Due Process of Law. Considerations of Public Interest, Rights and Constitutional Guarantees Due Process of Law, underlying the study, as well as analysis of Law No. 9.296/1996. Tried in place of Habeas Corpus that deal with questions of Rights and Constitutional in parallel with the Law No. 9.296/1996.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Issa Haonat.pdf: 4163540 bytes, checksum: 562947211acce4f19f36844ebc97fd1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / This study focus its analysis in environmental administrative processes based on the Constitution, and due process of law and environmental rights. The aim of this work is to investigate whether the march of the environmental administrative process follows the constitutional principles and, whether it can work as a tool to implement environmental law. Its main concern is to emphasize that among people who commit environmental infractions there are those ones who commit them due to lack of knowledge about the law, and or to difficulties in adjusting to existing standards and, as they cannot manage to fit the system, keep standing outside the law. We propose to demonstrate how the polity can reveal itself through the Rule of Environmental Law model, which promotes public policies that can favor environmental recoup and social inclusion. The environmental administrative processes, in the Rule of Environmental Law, change from a law ratifier instrument to a law implementation one. Public Management acts based in trust and safety principles, due process of law and natural judge. This is the ground for changes that leave behind a State which is unaffected by the (in) visibility of the insufficient offender and perceive this one as a person in law. The methodology used was the analysis of doctrines and body of law underlying the present study, analysis of processes at Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Brazilian Institute for Environment and Renewable Natural Resources), and participation in meetings directed to environmental policies implementation in the State of Tocantins. Methodological processes of legal dogma, analytical-synthetic and applied studies were prioritized to carry out an analysis of the legal system guided by the Constitution and environmental set of laws, searching in legal assessments the perception of how the law is construed and applied, specially in environmental administrative processes. The body of work provided a change in the view of environmental administrative processes from the spectrum of related legal process to a model which combines values and safeguards assured by the Constitution, avoiding, among other situations, that countless processes need to be reviewed by Court Administration / O presente trabalho volta-se à análise do processo administrativo ambiental fundado na Constituição e nos direitos ao devido processo legal e ao meio ambiente. O objeto desse estudo é investigar se a marcha do processo administrativo ambiental observa os ditames constitucionais e, se pode funcionar como instrumento de implementação da legislação ambiental. A preocupação central do trabalho foi destacar que, entre as espécies de autores da infração ambiental, existem aqueles que descumprem a lei por desconhecê-la e ou em razão da dificuldade de adequação aos padrões estabelecidos e, não conseguindo adequar-se ao sistema, permanecem à margem da lei. A proposta do trabalho é demonstrar como o Estado pode revelar-se em um modelo de Estado de Direito Ambiental, promovendo políticas públicas que ao mesmo tempo propiciem a recuperação do meio ambiente e a inclusão social das pessoas. No Estado de Direito Ambiental o processo administrativo ambiental passa de instrumento sancionador para instrumento de implementação da lei. A Administração Pública atua com base nos princípios da segurança e da confiança, do devido processo legal, da ampla defesa, do contraditório e do juiz natural. Essa é a base de mudança que deixa para trás o Estado insensível à (in) visibilidade do autor hipossuficiente da infração ambiental, e passa a percebê-lo como sujeito de direitos. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise da doutrina e da jurisprudência que serviram de aporte à presente investigação, a análise de processos junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis e a participação em reuniões direcionadas a implementação de políticas públicas ambientais no Estado do Tocantins. Priorizou-se, os processos metodológicos do estudo dogmático-jurídico, analítico-sintético e o estudo aplicado, analisando-se o ordenamento jurídico tendo por lume a Constituição e a legislação ambiental, buscando, nos conceitos jurídicos, a percepção de como o direito é interpretado e aplicado, especialmente, no âmbito do processo administrativo ambiental. O conjunto do trabalho propõe que os processos administrativos ambientais passem de espectro do devido processo legal, para um modelo que coadune os valores e as garantias asseguradas na Constituição, evitando-se, entre outros, que inúmeros processos careçam de ser reapreciados pelo Poder Judiciário

O tema proposto para o presente estudo refere-se à análise, dentro do contexto das tutelas antecipadas, dos seus pressupostos positivos e negativos, de algumas das restrições impostas pela legislação vigente a hipóteses de concessão, bem como à viabilidade da sua aplicação na situação atual da sua interpretação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência. Procurou-se demonstrar a aplicação dessas normas restritivas, bem como a justificativa para a sua aceitação dentro do conceito da segurança jurídica e do contexto fático em que cada um dos casos analisados está inserido. Ademais, foi desenvolvido estudo crítico sobre as hipóteses em que se admite a relativização dessas restrições, as razões que levam a tal resultado e as consequências daí advindas para o cenário jurídico brasileiro. Todos os pontos mencionados foram baseados principalmente na análise do direito das partes a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva e tempestiva, sempre com enfoque no direito processual constitucional, destacando-se a importância do respeito ao devido processo legal nesses casos e a importância de se garantir à parte um processo célere e de duração razoável. / The theme of this study is the analysis, within the context of preliminary injunctive relief mechanisms and their positive and negative prerequisites, some of the restrictions imposed by current legislation on the cases where such relief can be granted, as well as the feasibility of their application in the current situation of their interpretation by the doctrine developed by legal scholars and the jurisprudence from the courts. An effort is made to demonstrate the application of these rules and the justification for their acceptance within the concept of legal security and the factual context of each of the cases analyzed. Additionally, there is critical analysis of the situations where these restrictions can be relativized, the reasons for that result and the consequences for the Brazilian legal scenario. All these points are based mainly on analysis of the right of parties to obtain effective and timely protection from the courts, always with focus on constitutional procedural law, highlighting the importance of respect for due legal process as well as the importance of assuring speedy administration of justice.