Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:08:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_SERGIO_ROBERTO_DA_SILVA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2644731 bytes, checksum: 207623c4aecda0de23cefed577f3f2d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_SERGIO_ROBERTO_DA_SILVA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2644731 bytes, checksum: 207623c4aecda0de23cefed577f3f2d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Nowadays, searching for alternatives materials for the construction industry has become imperative. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) and by-products from the thermoelectric industries, such as fly ash, are the subject of studies in several segments of the construction industry. Their use can be one of many significant efforts to achieve a more sustainable construction. This paper studies the influence of the interactions and incorporations of CDW and fly ash on the concrete properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and particle size distribution analysis were used to characterize the investigated materials. The mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting strength) and durability (water absorption and carbonation depth) of concrete with different CDW contents (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were investigated as a coarse aggregate (10%, 15%, 25% and 30%) replacing Portland cement in different water/binder ratios (0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0, 55 and 0.65). Based on the results, it was observed that the addition of fly ash replacing the Portland cement in concretes with CDW causes a reduction in mechanical properties and durability of concretes in the early ages. However, as the fly ash content increases in concretes with CDW there is an increase in the compressive strength ratio (fc91/fc28), and as the time of exposure to CO2 advances the carbonation coefficient tends to decrease. / A busca de novos materiais para o emprego na ind?stria da constru??o civil se faz necess?rio nos dias atuais. O res?duo da constru??o e demoli??o (RCD) e os subprodutos das ind?strias termoel?tricas como a cinza volante s?o objetos de estudos em diversos segmentos da ind?stria da constru??o civil, e a adi??o destes materiais pode ser um dos esfor?os significativos para se alcan?ar uma constru??o mais sustent?vel. Neste trabalho foram estudadas a influ?ncia das intera??es e incorpora??es de RCD e cinza volante nas propriedades dos concretos. Para a caracteriza??o dos materiais investigados foram utilizadas as t?cnicas de Difra??o de raios X (DRX), an?lise qu?mica por Espectrometria de Fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX) e an?lise de distribui??o granulom?trica ? laser. Foram investigadas as propriedades mec?nicas (compress?o axial e tra??o por compress?o diametral) e de durabilidade (absor??o d??gua e resist?ncia ? carbonata??o) dos concretos com diferentes teores de RCD (25%, 50%, 75% e 100%) como agregado gra?do reciclado em substitui??o ao gra?do natural e adi??o de cinza volante (10%, 15%, 25% e 30%) em substitui??o ao cimento Portland em diferentes rela??es ?gua/aglomerante (0,40, 0,45, 0,50, 0,55 e 0,65). Com base nos resultados observou-se que a adi??o de cinza volante em substitui??o ao cimento Portland em concretos com RCD causa uma redu??o nas propriedades mec?nicas e de durabilidade nos concretos nas primeiras idades. Entretanto, ? medida que o teor de cinza volante aumenta nos concretos com RCD h? um aumento na taxa de resist?ncia ? compress?o axial (fc91/fc28), e ? medida que o tempo de exposi??o ao CO2 vai se avan?ando o coeficiente de carbonata??o tende a diminuir.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-29T23:45:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Safira Ferreira de Melo Rios.pdf: 4123737 bytes, checksum: ac40710a6a79f6c8561eb46f6072996b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T23:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Safira Ferreira de Melo Rios.pdf: 4123737 bytes, checksum: ac40710a6a79f6c8561eb46f6072996b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / The process of extraction and processing of limestone rocks from the Cariri region of Cear? generates an estimated loss of 70% of the total extracted. The volume of waste generated is significant. To mitigate the environmental impacts generated by the inadequate disposition of the sawdust waste from the Cariri stone (RSPC), the aim of this current study is verify the influence of the use of this waste as a partial replacement of the aggregate in the production of mortars. For this, the natural aggregate was replaced by the RSPC at a rate of 10, 20 and 30%. The cement/sand ratio used was 1: 5 by mass, and the consistency index was fixed in 260 ? 5 mm. Were evaluated the properties of the mortars in the fresh state (water retention, incorporated air content, mass density and rheology through squeeze-flow) and in the hardened state (flexural tensile strength, compressive strength, adhesive strength ,drying shrinkage, absorption byimmersion and void index, and absorption by capillary). The replacement of the natural sand by the RSPC provided an improvement both in the properties of the mortar in the fresh state and in the hardened state. With the exception of the shrinkage, which was higher for the mortars with RSPC, and the adhesive strength, which was equivalent to the reference mortar. In this way, it concludes is possible use of the RSPC as a partial replacement of the natural aggregate. / O processo de extra??o e de beneficiamento da rocha calc?ria da regi?o do Cariri cearense (Pedra Cariri), gera uma perda estimada em 70% do total extra?do. Acarretando um significativo volume de res?duos gerados. Com o intuito de mitigar os impactos ambientais gerados pela disposi??o inadequada do res?duo de serragem da pedra Cariri (RSPC), este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a influ?ncia da utiliza??o do referido res?duo, como substituto parcial do agregado na produ??o de argamassas. Para tanto, foi realizada a substitui??o, em massa, do agregado natural pelo RSPC nos teores de 10, 20 e 30%. O tra?o utilizado foi 1:5, em massa, e o ?ndice de consist?ncia foi fixado em 260 ? 5 mm. Foram determinadas as propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco (reten??o de ?gua, teor de ar incorporado, densidade de massa e reologia por meio do squeeze-flow) e no estado endurecido (resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o, resist?ncia ? compress?o, resist?ncia de ader?ncia ? tra??o, retra??o por secagem, absor??o por imers?o e ?ndice de vazios e absor??o por capilaridade). A substitui??o da areia natural pelo RSPC proporcionou melhoria tanto nas propriedades da argamassa no estado fresco, quanto no estado endurecido. Com exce??o da retra??o, que foi maior para as argamassas com RSPC, e da resist?ncia de ader?ncia ? tra??o, que foi equivalente ? argamassa de refer?ncia. Desta forma, conclui-se que ? poss?vel utilizar at? 30% de RSPC em substitui??o ao agregado natural.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-12T21:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JORGE LUIZ PEIXOTO BISPO.pdf: 1928389 bytes, checksum: 3d95674032c8b830a0db8b942fc740ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T21:46:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JORGE LUIZ PEIXOTO BISPO.pdf: 1928389 bytes, checksum: 3d95674032c8b830a0db8b942fc740ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / The aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro efficacy of crude extracts of agroindustrial residues obtained from fruits against engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus, using the adult immersion test. The first chapter gathers studies about the fruits used in this study and the bovine ectoparasites of economic importance. In the second chapter, the fruit residues of Spondias mombin, Tamarindus indica, Genipa americana and Citrus latifolia were submitted to maceration with ethanol to obtain the extracts. Engorged females were collected for acaricidal evaluation. The treatments consisted of six groups with extracts at 50 mg mL-1 concentration and two control groups (positive: fipronil and negative: 70 % ethanol). The extract of S. mombin fruit peel showed an acaricidal efficiency of 96.37 %. In order to investigate the mechanism of acaricide action, the in vitro effect of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase was evaluated and only the extract of the bagasse of C. latifolia showed a correlation with the acaricide effect. The extracts were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography and identified derivatives of phenolic compounds. In the third chapter, the fruit extract of S. mombin presented an acaricidal efficacy of 98.4 % at a concentration of 12.5 mg mL-1 and larvicidal efficacy of 84.8 % at a concentration of 25 mg mL-1. After fractionation of the S. mombin extract, the fraction with the major inhibition potential of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme was identified. The active fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography and a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids and terpenoids were identified, which act synergistically in the acaricidal action / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a efic?cia in vitro dos extratos bruto de res?duos agroindustriais contra f?meas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus microplus, utilizando o teste de imers?o de adultos. O primeiro cap?tulo re?ne estudos sobre os frutos utilizados neste trabalho e os ectoparasitos bovinos de import?ncia econ?mica. No segundo cap?tulo, os res?duos dos frutos de Spondias mombin, Tamarindus indica, Genipa americana e Citrus latifolia foram submetidos a macera??o com etanol para obten??o dos extratos. F?meas ingurgitadas foram coletadas para avalia??o acaricida. Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos por seis grupos com extratos na concentra??o 50 mg mL-1 e dois grupos controles (positivo: fipronil; e negativo: etanol 70 %). O extrato da casca do fruto de S. mombin apresentou efic?cia de 96,37 %. Com o intuito de investigar o mecanismo de a??o acaricida, foi avaliado o efeito in vitro dos extratos frente a acetilcolinesterase e apenas o extrato do baga?o de C. latifolia apresentou correla??o com o efeito acaricida. Os extratos foram monitorados por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia e identificado derivados de compostos fen?licos. No terceiro cap?tulo o extrato da casca do fruto de S. mombin apresentou uma efic?cia acaricida de 98,4 % a uma concentra??o de 12,5 mg mL-1 e efic?cia larvicida de 84,8 % a uma concentra??o 25 mg mL-1. Ap?s o fracionamento do extrato de S. mombin, foi identificada a fra??o com maior potencial de inibi??o da enzima acetilcolinesterase. A fra??o ativa foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa e identificou-se mistura de ?cidos graxos insaturados e terpen?ides, que agem sinergicamente na a??o acaricida

陶淑慧. / "2011年8月". / "2011 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-50). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Tao Shuhui. / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 臨摹和創作的概念 / Chapter (一) --- 臨摹的概念 --- p.3 / Chapter (二) --- 臨摹的種類 --- p.3 / Chapter (三) --- 創作的概念 --- p.6 / Chapter (四) --- 創作的種類 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章： --- 王鐸以前書家的臨摹 / Chapter (一) --- 王鐸以前書家的臨摹觀念 --- p.7 / Chapter (二) --- 王鐸以前書家的臨摹方法 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三章： --- 王鐸的草書臨摹 / Chapter (一) --- 王鐸的臨摹觀念 --- p.11 / Chapter (二) --- 王鐸草書的臨摹方法 --- p.13 / Chapter (三) --- 影響王鐸草書臨摹的因素 --- p.21 / Chapter (四) --- 王鐸的草書臨摹對其草書風格的影響 --- p.25 / Chapter 第四章： --- 王鐸習古對於當代書法學習的意義 / Chapter (一) --- 當代書壇習古反思 --- p.28 / Chapter (二) --- 王鐸習古對於筆者的啟示 --- p.29 / 結語 --- p.30 / 圖版目錄 --- p.31 / 參考書目 --- p.46

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T16:19:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - B?rbara Amorim Silva.pdf: 5390134 bytes, checksum: 32ec2143250d4b2b5d5a8de98ea88d9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - B?rbara Amorim Silva.pdf: 5390134 bytes, checksum: 32ec2143250d4b2b5d5a8de98ea88d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The castor bean (Ricinus communis L) is a plant family Euphorbiaceae. Considered an oil of high economic value because this has a clearly defined market for the oil extracted from its seeds. The cake, which is a residue of this extraction, stands out for its high protein content. Among the proteins found in the cake stands ricin, a cytotoxin, which not allows its use as an alternative protein source for animal feed. In this study was used the extrusion-cooking technology, combined application of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in order to inactivate the protein fraction containing ricin. The extrusion process of cake castor oil was carried out using a Brabender DS20 cannon short. Was used the response surface methodology to investigate the effect of the interaction of parameters in the study. Was used a central composite design in order to evaluate the moisture effects (14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 21%), temperature (116?C, 130?C, 150?C, 170?C and 180?C) and concentration of Ca(OH)2.. As a comparative sample was used castor beans which were crushed to extract oil and cake which used as a sample without heat treatment, as standard. For the evaluation of physical-chemical, it was utilized methods of AOAC. The quantification of proteins was realized using the method of Bradford and the protein profile was electrophoresis-SDS-PAGE. Was used to mark the Biorad electrophoresis the methodology observed using the of preparation of the gels described by LaemmLi (1970). The results indicated that most of the different treatments performed totally changed the structure of ricin. Indizatily the possibility of total hydr?lise of this macromolecule. The application of extracts of castor oil in the gel electrophoresis allowed the observation of a clear chain A (RTA) and 38 kDa molecular weight B (RTB) molecular weight 36kDa. For the crude protein extract of bran molar mass chains A and B were approximately 37 kDa and 35 kDa respectively. The levels of protein extracted from the bran decreased 89% after extrusion. The results indicated that all treatments changed entirely the structure of ricin with the possibility of their having been a total hydrolysis of the polymer. According to tests performed and observed results, we conclude that the thermoplastic extrusion process is a suitable technology to decrease the activity of ricin / A mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) ? uma planta da fam?lia Euforbi?cea que vem sendo muito estudada como fonte alternativa na produ??o de biodisel. O farelo, res?duo gerado ap?s a extra??o do ?leo da semente utilizando solvente, apresenta alto teor de prote?nas. Dentre as prote?nas encontradas na torta destaca-se a ricina, uma citotoxina, que inviabiliza sua utiliza??o como fonte prot?ica alternativa para alimenta??o animal. No presente estudo empregamos a extrus?o termopl?stica, associada ? aplica??o de hidr?xido de c?lcio Ca (OH)2 com o objetivo de inativar a fra??o prot?ica que contem a ricina. O processo de extrus?o do farelo de mamona foi realizado utilizando uma extrusora BRABENDER DS20 de canh?o curto. Utilizou-se a metodologia de superf?cie de resposta para verificar o efeito da intera??o dos par?metros estabelecidos no estudo. Foi utilizado um delineamento composto central rotacional a fim de avaliar os efeitos dos n?veis de umidade (14%, 16%, 20% e 21%), temperatura (116?C, 130?C, 150?C, 170?C e 180?C) e concentra??o Ca(OH)2.. Como amostra comparativa foi utilizada sementes de mamona da cultivar Paragua?? as quais foram esmagadas em prensa expeller at? extrair o ?leo e cuja torta foi utilizada como padr?o por apresentar maior integridade das cadeias polipept?dicas. Para a avalia??o das caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas, foram utilizados m?todos da AOAC, para quantifica??o de prote?nas foi utilizado o m?todo de Bradford e para avalia??o do perfil prot?ico foi utilizada a eletroforese- SDS-PAGE, atrav?s do sistema de eletroforese da marca Biorad com a metodologia de prepara??o dos g?is descrita por Laemmli (1970). Os m?todos de purifica??o usando a di?lise e precipita??o com sulfato de am?nio favoreceu para um bom rendimento quanto ao teor de prote?na, principalmente a ricina. A aplica??o dos extratos da torta de mamona no gel de eletroforese permitiu a observa??o n?tida das cadeias A (RTA) massa molar 38 kDa e B (RTB) massa molar 36kDa. Para o extrato prot?ico do farelo bruto a massa molar das cadeias A e B ficaram em torno 37 kDa e 35 kDa respectivamente. Os n?veis de prote?na extra?da do farelo diminu?ram 89% ap?s a extrus?o. Os resultados indicaram que todos os tratamentos realizados modificaram totalmente a estrutura da ricina, com possibilidade de ter havido hidr?lise total desta macromol?cula. De acordo com os ensaios realizados e resultados observados, conclui-se que o processo de extrus?o termopl?stica ? uma tecnologia adequada para diminuir a atividade da ricina. Palavras-chave: Citotoxina, Eletroforese

CNPq / Faced with the need to implement a sustainable development, and seeking solutions for protecting the environment, the management of residues has undergone marked changes. Companies are increasingly involved in the optimization of residues produced in their production processes. The oil industry participates in this search by funding research and development of environmentally sound technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the development of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) in soils incubated with drill waste from oil well treated by washing to eliminate the influence of sodium. Two residues generated during drilling of the well 7-SMC-50D-AL were selected to be used in two assays: one in pots planted with barley, and one with leaching columns. For the pots testing the residues were washed with water, using a ratio of 1:5, aiming to reduce the effects of the sodium. Thus, the washing treatment defined two other conditions: residue washed and unwashed. The quantity of residue added to the soil was defined in order to obtain the barium concentrations of 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 and 1200 mg kg-1. The soil moisture was maintained at 70% of field capacity. The experimental units were kept incubated for 30 days, and covered with plastic bags to prevent water loss by evaporation. The plants sowing was made using 10 seeds in each pot, and after the thinning with 30 days there was left 4 plants per pot. After the harvesting, the plants were separated into root, shoot and grain; and it was evaluated the absorption of the elements barium, iron, manganese, calcium, sodium, zinc and potassium. The results showed that the residues of the centrifugal and the dryer promoted an increased production of plant dry matter, especially in the treatment with the residue washing. For the test columns, there was no washing of the residues. The same doses were tested with two conditions of humidity (70% of field capacity and reduced condition, simulating the presence of a ground water table). During the incubation the pH and the redox potential (Eh) were monitored until, in the reduction condition, values close to ? 200 mV were obtained, and then, waiting for 30 days to ensure the occurrence of the reduction reactions. After that, the leaching test proceeded, simulating rainfall and collecting the extract leachate to evaluate the barium content. The geochemical fractionation of barium was done using a modification of the BCR method. The fractionation results showed that the reduction condition provided greater availability of barium, increasing the bioavailable fraction for both cuttings. In the leaching test, there was an increase in barium level in the reduction condition, due to the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. / Diante da necessidade de implementar o desenvolvimento sustent?vel, buscando solu??es para a prote??o do meio ambiente, a gest?o de res?duos tem passado por mudan?as marcantes. As empresas est?o cada vez mais envolvidas na otimiza??o de res?duos produzidos em seus processos produtivos. A ind?stria petrol?fera participa dessa busca por solu??es atrav?s do financiamento de pesquisas e do desenvolvimento de tecnologias ambientalmente seguras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) em solos incubados com res?duos de perfura??o de po?o de petr?leo tratados com lavagem para eliminar a influ?ncia do s?dio. Foram selecionados dois res?duos gerados durante a perfura??o do Po?o7-SMC-50D-AL para serem utilizados em dois ensaios: um com vasos cultivados com cevada e outro com colunas de lixivia??o. Para o ensaio com vasos foi feita a lavagem dos res?duos em ?gua, na propor??o 1:5, visando diminuir os efeitos do s?dio. Dessa forma, o tratamento de lavagem definiu duas condi??es: res?duo lavado e res?duo n?o lavado. A quantidade de res?duo adicionada ao solo foi definida de modo a atingir as concentra??es de b?rio de 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 e 1200 mg kg-1. A umidade do solo foi mantida a 70% da capacidade de campo. As unidades experimentais permaneceram incubadas por 30 dias, cobertas com sacos pl?sticos para evitar a perda de ?gua por evapora??o. Em seguida foi feita a semeadura, utilizando 10 sementes em cada vaso, e com o desbaste ap?s 30 dias restaram apenas 4 plantas por vaso. Ap?s a coleta as plantas foram separadas em raiz, parte a?rea e gr?os e foi avaliada a absor??o dos elementos b?rio, ferro, mangan?s, c?lcio, s?dio, zinco e pot?ssio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga promoveram aumento da produ??o de mat?ria seca pelas plantas, principalmente no tratamento lavado. Para o ensaio com colunas n?o houve lavagem dos res?duos. Foram testadas as mesmas doses em duas condi??es de umidade (70% da capacidade de campo e ambiente reduzido com presen?a de l?mina de ?gua). Durante a incuba??o foi feito o monitoramento de pH e potencial redox (Eh) at? que, na condi??o de redu??o, fossem atingidos valores pr?ximos de -200 mV, aguardando por 30 dias para assegurar a ocorr?ncia das rea??es de redu??o. Em seguida foi feito o ensaio de lixivia??o, simulando uma precipita??o e coletando o extrato lixiviado para avalia??o quanto ao teor de b?rio. Foi feito o fracionamento geoqu?mico do elemento b?rio utilizando-se o m?todo BCR com algumas modifica??es. Os resultados mostraram que no fracionamento as fra??es biodispon?vel para ambos os res?duos na condi??o de redu??o proporcionou uma maior disponibilidade do b?rio. Na lixivia??o houve um aumento dos teores de b?rio na condi??o de redu??o proporcionado pela redu??o de sulfato a sulfeto.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-04T17:50:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leilane da SIlva Lima.pdf: 2571314 bytes, checksum: 6a887a80293fe4214d8df0859a55db54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T17:50:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leilane da SIlva Lima.pdf: 2571314 bytes, checksum: 6a887a80293fe4214d8df0859a55db54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / CNPq / A major environmental issue is the impact caused by the extraction of primary materials and the waste disposal. The industry tries to change that with adjustments in the production chain to reduce impacts to the environment. However, this is a subject that has few studies. This study aimed to evaluate the development of rice plants (Oryza sativa) in soils incubated with waste from drilling oil wells, treated by washing to eliminate the influence of sodium and under two moisture conditions. Two residues generated during the drilling of the well 7-SMC- 50D AL were selected. Subsequently, the residue washing was done in water with the 1:5 proportions, to reduce the effects of sodium. Thus, the washing treatment defined two conditions: washed and unwashed residues. The amount of residue added to the soil was set to achieve concentrations of barium of 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg -1 and 900 mg kg-1. The soils were kept in two moisture conditions (70% of field capacity and waterlogged to get a reduced condition). During the incubation of vessels the redox potential (Eh) was monitored until values close to -200 mV was reached, in the reduction condition. After reaching these values, we waited up to 30 days before transplanting the rice seedlings and the test starting. Samples were collected from each experimental unit, and the elements barium, iron, manganese, calcium, sodium and potassium were analyzed. The rice was planted, and went throughout the vegetative cycle (approximately 3 months) until the plants were harvested for analysis. The results showed that the residues from the dryer and the centrifuge, with and without washing, in the oxidized condition, did not affect the dry matter yield of the rice plants. However, the soil reduction condition promoted increasing concentrations of barium absorbed by plants, and reduced the iron level. In the treatments with the residue and reduction condition, the solubilization of barium combined with a moderate iron deficiency possible interfered on dry matter production. / Uma grande quest?o ambiental ? o impacto causado pela extra??o de materiais prim?rios e pela deposi??o de res?duos. A ind?stria tenta mudar esse cen?rio com adequa??es ao longo da cadeia produtiva para diminuir os impactos ao meio ambiente. Entretanto, essa ? uma ?rea ainda pouco estudada.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa) em solos incubados comres?duos de perfura??o de po?o de petr?leo tratados com lavagem para eliminar a influ?ncia do s?dio e sob duas condi??es de umidade. Foram selecionados dois res?duos gerados durante a perfura??o do Po?o7-SMC-50D-AL. Posteriormente, foi feita a sua lavagem em ?gua, na propor??o 1:5, visando diminuir os efeitos do s?dio. Dessa forma, o tratamento de lavagem definiu duas condi??es: res?duo lavado e res?duo n?o lavado. A quantidade de res?duo adicionada ao solo foi definida de modo a atingir as concentra??es de b?rio de 300 mg kg-1, 600 mg kg-1 e 900 mg kg-1. Os solos foram mantidos em duas condi??es de umidade (70% da capacidade de campo e reduzido com presen?a de l?mina de ?gua). Durante a incuba??o dos vasos foi monitorado o potencial redox (Eh) at? que, na condi??o de redu??o, fossem atingidos valores pr?ximos de -200mV. Ap?s atingir esses valores, aguardou-se 30 dias para o transplantio das mudas de arroz e in?cio da realiza??o do ensaio. Foram coletadas amostras de cada unidade experimental, onde foram feitas an?lises dos elementos b?rio, ferro, mangan?s, c?lcio, s?dio e pot?ssio. Foi realizado o plantio do arroz, permanecendo durante todo ciclo vegetativo (aproximadamente 3 meses) at? serem colhidas as plantaspara an?lise. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os res?duos do secador e da centr?fuga, com e sem lavagem, na condi??o de oxida??o, n?o interferiram na produ??o de mat?ria seca das plantas de arroz. Entretanto, a condi??o de redu??o do solo promoveu o aumento dos teores de b?rio absorvidos pelas plantas e redu??o nos de ferro. Nos tratamentos com res?duo e na condi??o de redu??o, a solubiliza??o de b?rio combinada a uma defici?ncia moderada para ferro levou a uma poss?vel interfer?ncia na produ??o de mat?ria seca.

This dissertation analyzes the first movements of three chamber works -- the Piano trio (1914), the Duo for violin and cello (1920-22), and the Sonata for violin and piano (1923-27) -- and situates their harmonic procedures in relation to important developments within Parisian musical culture. Chapter 1 explores Ravel's early harmonic style, in particular, how he blends nontonal harmonic procedures and tonality within the framework of the sonata as seen in the first movements of his String quartet and Sonatine. Chapter 2 analyzes the Piano trio, which culminates the early phase of Ravel's career with a sophisticated amalgamation of pre-war musical trends, such as extended harmonies and formal inventiveness, with an early wartime emphasis on reduced textures and melodic primacy. In the post-war years, Ravel was forced to adjust to a new role, in which he was no longer at the forefront of musical developments, but rather the follower of a group of young, avant-garde composers. His two post-war compositions, the Duo for violin and cello and the Violin sonata, articulate the struggles he faced with composition in the 1920s. Criticized for having an out-moded aesthetic, he modified his compositional style by incorporating and adapting new harmonic techniques. Drawing on Peter Kaminsky's theory of monotonality and dual pitch organization, chapter 3 examines Ravel's harmonic language in the Duo through linear analysis. Ravel's attempt to incorporate contemporary harmonic procedures however was not sufficient to compete with the more progressive works of Les Six or Stravinsky's burgeoning neoclassicism. As a result, Ravel re-evaluated his craft by rethinking his engagements with the musical avant-garde. The analysis of the Violin sonata in chapter 4 reveals that harmonically, deeper levels of dissonance require pitch prioritization intimately bound to formal function. Unlike the Duo, Ravel presents a more innovative formal design in the Violin sonata, where boundaries are blurred and formal functions are juxtaposed. Chapter 5 concludes with a comparative analysis of the first movements of Ravel's Piano trio, Duo and Violin sonata and their evolving harmonic practices. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VeruscaKGR_DISSERT.pdf: 1561104 bytes, checksum: 8cf444f0891dd9cd7517204b9dd26c41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / This works aims at investigating the effects of adding waste from RCBP-polyester button manufacturing to Portland cement concrete, particularly regarding its consistency and mechanic strength. The RCBP used came from a button factory located in Parnamirim, RN, Brazil. The waste was added to the concrete on different ratios: 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % of the total cement mass. A sample of concrete without the RCBP was used as reference, 1:1,33:2,45:0,50. For the mechanic strength test four samples were tested with different ages (3, 7 and 28 days old) and mixtures. Furthermore, a Slump Test was also conducted in order to verify the concrete s consistency. A tendency to a reduction in the compression resistance was noticed for all samples. For the samples with 5 % and 10 %, there was also an increase in the traction resistance during inflexion, regarding the reference concrete. In the microstructural analysis, the RBCP was observed to show an irregular and porous surface, thus explaining the consistency decrease / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a influ?ncia da incorpora??o do res?duo de corte de bot?o em poli?ster-RCBP sobre a plasticidade e a resist?ncia mec?nica em concreto de cimento Portland. O RCBP utilizado na pesquisa originou-se do material descartado por uma empresa fabricante de bot?o localizada no munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN. Utilizou-se o res?duo, como carga no concreto, nas concentra??es de 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % e 20 %, em rela??o ? massa do cimento. O tra?o de refer?ncia do concreto utilizado na pesquisa apresenta a propor??o, em massa, de 1:1,33:2,45:0,50 (cimento:areia:brita:?gua/cimento). Nos ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o foram testados quatro corpos-de-prova para cada idade (3, 7 e 28 dias) e tra?o, enquanto que para os ensaios de resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o foram testados dois corpos-de-prova para cada tra?o. Al?m disso, fez-se o Slump Test, com vistas a verificar a consist?ncia do concreto. Observou-se uma tend?ncia de redu??o da resist?ncia ? compress?o e abatimento para todos os tra?os com incorpora??o do RCBP. Houve um aumento de resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o para os tra?os de 5 % e 10 %, em rela??o ao concreto sem incorpora??o do res?duo, superando o sugerido pela NBR 6118/2003 que apresenta uma correla??o entre resist?ncia ? tra??o e ? compress?o. Na an?lise microestrutural, observou-se que o RCBP apresentou uma superf?cie irregular e porosa, podendo ser o motivo do decr?scimo do abatimento

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FellipeCACM_DISSERT.pdf: 1867444 bytes, checksum: bdeaf70a3884fde7d06961686d3bb1db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With the increase in cement consumption, it has quickly become one of the inputs most consumed by mankind over the last century. This has caused an increase in CO2 emissions, as cement production releases large quantities of this gas into the atmosphere. Adding this fact to the growing consciousness of environmental preservation, it has led to a search for alternatives to cement to complement its derivatives, in the form of waste materials like the ashes. This research aimed to analyze the properties of mortars in fresh and hardened state with partial replacement of Portland cement by residual algaroba wood ash (CRLA) potteries produced by the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The CRLA was collected and sieved, where part of it was ground and characterized in comparison with that just sifted, being characterized according to its chemical composition, grain size, fineness, density, bulk density and index of pozzolanic activity. It was found that the wood ash does not act as pozzolan, and grinding it has not changed its characteristics compared to those just sifted, not justifying its use. Two traces were adopted for this research: 1:3 (cement: fine sand) and 1:2:8 (cement: hydrated lime: medium sand); both in volume, using as materials the CRLA just sifted, CP II F-32 Portland cement, CH-I hydrated lime, river sand and water from the local utility. For each trace were adopted six percentages of partial replacement of cement for wood ash: 0% (control) 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% and 15%. In the fresh state, the mortars were tested towards their consistency index and mass density. In the hardened state, they were tested towards their tensile strength in bending, compressive strength and tensile adhesion strength, and its mass density in the hardened state. The mortar was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, it was classified according to NBR 13281 (2005). The results showed that up to a content of 5% substitution and for both traces, the residual algaroba wood ash can replace Portland cement without compromising the mortars microstructure and its fresh and hardened state / Com o aumento do seu consumo, o cimento se tornou rapidamente um dos insumos mais consumidos pela humanidade no ?ltimo s?culo. Isso desencadeou um aumento das emiss?es de CO2, uma vez que a produ??o do cimento libera na atmosfera grandes quantidades deste g?s. Somando este fato ao crescente pensamento da preserva??o ambiental, passou-se a buscar alternativas ao cimento, na forma de res?duos, para complementar os seus derivados, sendo uma delas as cinzas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades, no estado fresco e endurecido, de argamassas com substitui??o parcial do cimento Portland pela cinza residual de lenha de algaroba (CRLA) produzida pelas olarias do RN. A CRLA foi recolhida e peneirada, onde parte dela foi mo?da e caracterizada em compara??o com a apenas peneirada, sendo caracterizadas quanto a sua composi??o qu?mica, granulometria, finura, massa espec?fica, massa unit?ria e ?ndice de Atividade Pozol?nica. Avaliou-se que a cinza n?o atua como pozolana e que ela mo?da pouco variou em rela??o a apenas peneirada, injustificando seu uso. Adotou-se para este trabalho dois tra?os, sendo 1:3 (cimento : areia fina) e 1:2:8 (cimento : cal : areia m?dia), ambos em volume, usando-se como materiais a CRLA apenas peneirada, o cimento Portland CP II F-32, a cal hidratada CH-I, areia de rio e ?gua da concession?ria local. Para cada tra?o foram adotados percentuais de substitui??o parcial do cimento pela cinza, sendo eles 0% (refer?ncia), 5%, 7%, 10%, 12% e 15%. No estado fresco, as argamassas foram ensaiadas com rela??o ao seu ?ndice de consist?ncia e ? densidade de massa. No estado endurecido, foram ensaiadas com rela??o ? sua resist?ncia ? tra??o na flex?o, ? compress?o e de ader?ncia ? tra??o, e ? sua densidade de massa no estado endurecido. Elas foram tamb?m analisadas por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e por difra??o de Raios-X. Al?m disso, as argamassas foram classificadas conforme a NBR 13281 (2005). Os resultados encontrados mostraram que, at? um teor de 5% de substitui??o e para ambos os tra?os, pode-se substituir o cimento pela cinza residual de lenha de algaroba sem comprometer as argamassas microestruturalmente e no seu estado fresco e endurecido