Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die dood van 'n ouer he! 'n effek op die totale lewe van die kind en dompel die kind in emosionele nood wat terapeutiese begeleiding noodsaak. Na afloop van die afsterwe van 'n ouer, vind daar fisieke, emosionele, sosiale en kognitiewe veranderinge in die kind se lewe plaas waarop hy nie voorbereid is nie, en wat hy ook nie verstaan nie. Hierdie veranderinge veroorsaak dat die kind se leefwereld in so mate verander dat sy funksionering benadeel word. Daar is met hierdie studie gepoog om vas te stel watter effek die dood van 'n ouer op die kind he! en tot watter mate terapeutiese begeleiding die kind se emosionele nood kan verlig. Daar is in die studie gevind dat rou inderdaad 'n gekompliseerde proses is wat lei tot die ontstaan van talle onbeantwoorde vrae, gevoelens van magteloosheid en emosionele pyn. Kinders wat in rousmart verkeer word dikwels deur die samelewing misgekyk en kry as gevolg hiervan nie voldoende hulp nie. Di! lei tot die ontstaan van persoonlikheidsontwikkelingsprobleme, relasionele probleme en intra-psigiese probleme soos 'n swak selfbeeld, ego-verdedigingsmeganismes, persoonlike kwesbaarheid, ongunstige betekenisgewing en ongunstige belewenisse. Hierdie probleme veroorsaak dat die kind in sy selfaktualisering gerem word en as gevolg hiervan nie sy gegewe moontlikhede verwerklik nie. Die studie het verder bewys dat die kind wat 'n ouer aan die dood afgestaan het, wel deur middel van terapeutiese begeleiding deur 'n sielkundige gehelp kan word om die verlies van 'n ouer in so 'n mate te hanteer dat die faktore wat die kind se selfaktualisering rem, opgehef kan word. Die studie voorsien die sielkundige van riglyne ten opsigte van die proses van terapeutiese begeleiding aan die kind wat 'n ouer aan die dood afgestaan het. Riglyne word gebied ten opsigte van die hantering van die kind se onmiddellike situasie, die evaluasie van die kind-inrousmart, die vasstelling van doelstellings en doelwitte vir terapeutiese begeleiding, die selektering van terapeutiese tegnieke, die terapeutiese hulpverlening aan die kind, die hulpverlening aan die oorblywende ouer en die hulpverlening aan die onderwyser wat gemoeid is met die kind-in-rousmart. Riglyne word ook gebied ten opsigte van die terminering van terapie. / The death if a parent has an influence on the total life of a child and causes emotional trauma that necessitates therapeutic guidance. After the death of a parent, physical, emotional, social and cognitive changes occur in the child's life for which he is not prepared and that he also does not understand. These factors cause such a change in the child's life-world that his functioning is hampered. In this study it was endeavoured to determine what effect the death of a parent has on a child's life and to what extent therapeutic guidance can alleviate the child's emotional trauma. In this study it was found that mourning is indeed a complicated process that gives rise to countless unanswered questions, feelings of helplessness and emotional pain. Children suffering grief in mourning are often ignored by society and as result of this, they do not receive adequate assistance. This leads to problems concerned with the development of the personality, relational problems and intrapsychological problems such as a poor self-concept, ego defence mechanisms, personal vulnerability, negative ways of acquiring meaning and unfavourable ways of experiencing life. These problems give rise to the hampering of the child's selfactualisation and because of this he cannot realise his potential. The study has furthermore proved that the child who has lost a parent through death, can be helped by a psychologist. This can be done by means of therapeutic guidance so that the child can handle the loss of a parent to such an extent that the factors that hamper his self-actualisation can be removed. The study provides guidelines for therapeutic guidance to the child who has Jost a parent through death. Guidelines are given on handling the child's immediate situation, the evaluation of the child in mourning, the determination of aims and objectives for therapeutic guidance, the selection of therapeutic techniques, therapeutic assistance to the child, assistance to the remaining parent and assistance to the educator who is involved with the child in mourning. Guidelines are also given for the termination of therapy. / Educational Studies / D.Ed (Clinical Psychologist)

The study describes the formation and the establishment of the first urban congregation of the Berlin Mission in the Cape at the turn of the century. The establishment of the Cape Town Congregation was not a result of urban mission work but rather a result of the townward movement of rural coloured people who already belonged to the Berlin Mission Church. At first the mission headquarters in Berlin resisted an involvement in Cape Town, but the members there and the missionaries of the Cape Synod urged the Berl in Mission to accept the responsibility. Fol lowing the advice of the Moravian Mission the Berliners finally sent a missionary, and declared the congregation as a proper mission station on May 7, 1907. The study closes with the consecration of the church building in Searle Street in 1923 as a visible sign for the establishment of the Berlin Mission Church in Cape Town. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of crisis management and internal processes in relation to health and safety at work.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is one of the most frequently deployed large grid connected Wind Turbines (WT) concept. The implementation of classical vector control techniques, have been proven to work well for considering the initial grid code requirements. However, recently many grid operators are requiring WT to remain connected during grid faults, resulting in low voltage fault ride through capability (LVRT). In addition, it is required for WTs to contribute with reactive support during the fault. As a result, the improvements of the transient behavior of the DFIG, the power converter protection and the controller design have become a challenge for WT manufactures. This work presents a high performance stationary frame non-linear controller for doubly fed induction generator, which improves the steady state and transient behavior of the grid connected wind turbines especially under unbalance voltage dips resulting from network unbalance faults. A controller design procedure that guarantees the DFIG stability under uncertainties and disturbances at grid side is presented in details. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in the thesis that with the proposed controller different goals such as control of grid side active and reactive power, minimization of torque pulsation under unbalance operation and improvement of the low voltage ride through capability can be easily achieved. Simulations and experimental results are given to illustrate the good performance of a grid connected DFIG with the proposed controller. / Turbinas eólicas modernas que utilizam o Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado (GIDA) são amplamente empregadas para geração de energia elétrica. Essa grande parcela de aero-geradores baseados na tecnologia GIDA e técnicas de controle vetorial clássicas já comprovaram ao longo dos últimos anos que este conceito apresenta méritos e foi capaz de satisfazer requisitos de conexão de turbinas eólicas com a rede elétrica inicialmente elaborados. No entanto, atualmente, os operadores do sistema estão revisando os códigos de rede em muitos países, introduzindo novos requisitos e estreitando os limites definidos inicialmente. Basicamente, os geradores eólicos estão assumindo maiores responsabilidades no sistema de potência. A capacidade de sobrevivência e suporte de reativos durante afundamentos de tensão, introduzidos nos novos códigos de rede, tornaram-se os maiores desafios para os fabricantes de aero-geradores com tecnologia GIDA. Essa tese de doutorado tem como principal objetivo desenvolver estratégias de controle para melhorar o desempenho dinâmico do Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado conectado a rede elétrica frente aos requisitos de sobrevivência aos afundamentos de tensão no Ponto de Conexão (PC). Para isso, essa tese propõe um controlador não linear de alto desempenho baseado em modos deslizantes para o controle do GIDA em eixos estacionários. O controlador proposto melhora o comportamento transitório do GIDA principalmente durante distúrbios na tensão no PC. O projeto do controlador é desenvolvido de forma a garantir a estabilidade do GIDA conectado à rede elétrica mesmo considerando incertezas associadas ao modelo nominal. Outras características do controlador proposto, além da robustez, são a sua simplicidade de implementação e a sua excelente resposta transitória. Ainda, dois modos de operação são propostos para geração de referência do GIDA, MODO 1 para operação em condições normais da tensão da rede elétrica, MODO 2 com uma metodologia para o cálculo das referências de corrente de forma a dar suporte de reativos durante faltas próximas ao PC. O comportamento dinâmico do sistema e o desempenho da estratégia de controle são verificadas através de simulações e também experimentalmente.

La kinase Aurora B appartient au complexe des protéines passagères. Ce complexe est impliqué dans la régulation de la condensation, constriction et ségrégation des chromosomes, ainsi que dans la cytokinèse. Son rôle est donc crucial pour prévenir la formation de cellules cancéreuses. Cependant, l'étude de la fonction précise d'Aurora B dans chacune des phases de la mitose est limitée par la durée de celle-ci, et par le manque de spécificité des inhibiteurs existants. Nous avons donc développé une stratégie basée sur la photo-inactivation de la kinase par le chromophore Killer-Red, fusionné à la protéine. L'émission locale de ROS après irradiation, permet alors la photo-inactivation spécifique et temporelle d'Aurora B. La photo-inactivation d'Aurora B avant anaphase aboutie soit à un arrêt de la mitose, soit à la régression du sillon de division, provoquée par l'entrée en anaphase en présence de chromosomes retardés. La photo-inactivation d'Aurora B en début d'anaphase a pour conséquence la régression du sillon de division en cytokinèse ; apportant la première indication directe de l'implication d'Aurora B dans le fuseau mitotique en cytodiérèse. De façon surprenante, la photo-inactivation de la kinase au niveau du corps résiduel, après constriction du sillon de division, n'affecte pas l'abscission. La photo-inactivation d'Aurora B n'affecte pas la localisation des autres membres du complexe des protéines passagères, indiquant que la kinase n'est pas impliquée dans la dynamique du complexe. Les résultats obtenus montrent sans aucun doute l'implication d'Aurora B dans chacune des phases de la mitose, suggérant que la phosphorylation par Aurora B de ses substrats permet le controle de la division cellulaire. / Aurora B is a mitotic kinase involved in chromosome condensation and segregation as well as cytokinesis. Aurora B together with INCENP, Survivin, TD60 and Borealin constitute the chromosome passenger protein complex (CPC), which localizes to the inner centromeres all through metaphase, transfers to the spindle midzone in anaphase and to the midbody in cytokinesis. In order to dissect the mitotic kinase functions of Aurora B as well as its role as an integral part of the CPC in a temporal manner, we have used chromophore assisted light inactivation (CALI) approach. We have combined miRNA ablation of endogenous Aurora B with ectopic expression of miRNA resistant Aurora B fused to the photosensitizer Killer Red (AurB-KR) in HeLa cells. Irradiation at distinct phases of mitosis led to photobleaching of the Killer Red protein, accompanied by emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in the photoinactivation of the fused Aurora B. Photoinactivation before anaphase led to either mitotic arrest or cleavage furrow regression due to entry into anaphase with chromosome bridges. CALI at early anaphase also led to cytokinesis failure underlying the role of Aurora B in central spindle function. Consistent with the effects of dominant negative dead-kinase Aurora B, upon CALI the localisation of Incenp, Survivin and Borealin was not affected. Importantly, photoinactivation of Aurora B-KR following cleavage furrow constriction at the midbody had no effect on the completion of abscission. These data, demonstrate unequivocally the distinct roles Aurora B exerts at each phase of mitosis and in particular suggest that Aurora B substrate phosphorylation from metaphase to anaphase is implicated in the spatio-temporal control of cell division and cytokinesis.

This article is a summary of the archaeological excavations carried out inside the old cloister of the «Convent of Santo Domingo de Lima», known today as «La Casa de la Columna», and located on the second block of the Calle Conde Superunda. These excavations were part of a multidisciplinary project whose main objective was to restore, and in some cases consolidate, the original structures that were part of the old convent (i.e., the cloister’s archway and entrance). Today La Casa de la Columna is a densely populated habitation with more than 200 residents. After this cloister was turned into a tenement house towards the second half of century XIX, the former priests’ cells came to house several people including whole families who altered the place’s original appearance little by little over time. These changes involve the addition of elements characteristic of the lifestyle of the inhabitants’ new society, which are quite different from those of the place’s previous religious function. / El siguiente artículo presenta un resumen de las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas al interior del antiguo claustro del noviciado, el mismo que fuera parte original del convento de Santo Domingo de Lima. En la actualidad, este claustro es conocido como la «Casa de la Columna» y se ubica en el actual jirón Conde de Superunda, cuadra dos. Estas excavaciones formaron parte de un proyecto multidisciplinario, el cual tenía como objetivos la restauración del claustro, así como la portada interior; en otros casos, se consolidarían otras estructuras originales que igualmente eran parte del antiguo Claustro del Noviciado (nos referimos a la arquería misma del claustro). En la actualidad, la Casa de la Columna es una gran casa de vecindad que, en el Perú, se denomina «callejón», en la cual moran más de 200 habitantes, los cuales han tugurizado por completo el antiguo recinto religioso. Luego de que el claustro del noviciado fuera convertido en casa de vecindad, hacia la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, albergó en sus antiguas celdas —donde vivían los sacerdotes— a varias personas civiles que practicaban diversos oficios, incluso, a familias enteras, las cuales poco a poco fueron alterando la fisonomía original del lugar. A la vez, el lugar empezó a soportar la cotidianidad de una nueva sociedad y quedaron como restos de esta nueva vida elementos ajenos a una vida religiosa.

Esta dissertação analisa as questões concernentes às tutelas de urgência antes e durante o processo arbitral (incluindo-se a forma como podem ser pleiteadas, apreciadas e efetivadas), bem como a interação entre os árbitros, o Poder Judiciário e também entre a Câmara de Arbitragem responsável pela condução do processo arbitral (no caso de arbitragem institucional). O trabalho traz uma breve análise sobre a história da arbitragem e acerca de sua natureza jurídica, com um enfoque específico às tutelas de urgência, analisando, igualmente, os regulamentos dos principais centros de arbitragens pátrios e alienígenas, bem como a legislação nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema das tutelas de urgência em arbitragem. Os principais pontos analisados referem-se: (i) às tutelas de urgência prévias à instauração da arbitragem (quando as partes já se comprometeram, por meio de cláusula compromissória ou de compromisso arbitral, a solucionar eventual lide por meio da arbitragem); (ii) às tutelas de urgência no curso de um processo arbitral; (iii) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência, a qual exige a utilização de força e, por conseguinte, depende do auxílio e de interação com o Poder Judiciário; (iv) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência proferidas em arbitragens estrangeiras; e (v) às anti-suit injunctions. / This dissertation analyses the questions regarding provisional and interim measures previously or during an arbitration proceeding (including the means they can be pleaded, analyzed and enforced), as well as the interaction between the arbitrators, the Judiciary Power and also with the Court of Arbitration responsible for the conduction of the arbitration proceeding (in the case of institutional arbitration). The study brings a brief analysis of the history of arbitration and about its legal nature, with a specific focus on provisional and interim measures, also analyzing the regulations of the main Courts of Arbitration from Brazil and from abroad, as well as the Brazilian and foreign legislation about provisional and interim measures in arbitration. The main topics analyzed are referred to: (i) provisional and interim measures previously to the beginning of the arbitration (when the parties have already committed themselves, through arbitration clause or arbitration agreement, to resolve any conflict through arbitration); (ii) provisional and interim measures during an arbitration proceeding; (iii) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures, which requires the use of force (coercive power) and, therefore, depends on the assistance and the support of the Judiciary Power; (iv) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures rendered on foreign arbitrations; and (v) the anti-suit injunctions.

Este estudo tem como objeto as práticas de equipes de Saúde da Família relacionadas à gravidez na adolescência. Parte-se da premissa de que a gravidez na adolescência é determinada pelas diferentes condições de reprodução social que levam a desiguais possibilidades de vivenciar a adolescência e consequentemente o processo de gravidez. Assim, intervir na gravidez na adolescência no contexto da Estratégia Saúde da Família implica em reconhecer que se trata de um fenômeno socialmente determinado e que intervenções focadas no modelo biomédico de atenção não imprimem quaisquer mudanças nas condições de vida e de saúde das adolescentes cadastradas. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram Identificar práticas de saúde relacionadas à gravidez na adolescência implementadas por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família e descrever e analisar essas práticas sob o foco das necessidades de saúde. Para tanto, foi conduzido um estudo quanti-qualitativo de natureza descritiva, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família situadas nos Distritos Administrativos de Campo Limpo e Vila Andrade, zona sul do município de São Paulo. Os sujeitos do estudo foram os profissionais de saúde que respondiam pelas práticas relacionadas à gravidez em sua equipe. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas guiadas por questionário semiestruturado. Os dados qualitativos foram descritos e analisados sob o foco da categoria analítica necessidades de saúde, conceituadas como necessidades de reprodução social. Os dados quantitativos foram apresentados por meio de números absolutos e proporções. Os resultados apontaram a falta de práticas voltadas especificamente para adolescentes na Estratégia Saúde da Família. As práticas hegemônicas relacionadas à gravidez na adolescência nas equipes estudadas seguem sendo práticas tradicionais de atenção à saúde centradas nos aspectos biológicos da reprodução humana como consultas, oferta de métodos contraceptivos e atenção ao pré-natal, que são ofertados de maneira geral para a população e que pouco atendem às necessidades deste grupo. Contudo, o adolescente não é invisível para as equipes que se valem do acolhimento e das visitas domiciliárias como instrumentos para identificar necessidades de saúde dos adolescentes e incluí-los no serviço. Práticas voltadas exclusivamente para adolescentes foram identificadas em algumas equipes, como grupos educativos e práticas intersetoriais, todavia foram iniciativas pontuais. A adoção de uma concepção teórica que compreenda a gravidez como decorrência das condições de reprodução social pode ser o ponto de partida para a ampliação das práticas, contudo, não se resume a esse aspecto, pois a realidade dos serviços parece limitar a criatividade e a possibilidade de acrescentar outras práticas na agenda de trabalho. / This study aims at the Family Health group [grupo Saúde da Família] practices concerning pregnancy during adolescence. It is assumed that during adolescence pregnancy is determined by the different conditions of social reproduction which lead to uneven possibilities of experiencing adolescence and consequently the pregnancy process. Thus, intervening with pregnancy during adolescence in the context of the Family Health Strategy [Estratégia Saúde da Família] involves acknowledging that this is about a phenomenon which is socially determined and that interventions focused on the biomedical model of care do not effect any changes in the conditions of life and health of the registered adolescents. The aim of this research was to identify, describe and analyse the practices related to pregnancy in adolescence implemented by Family Health. For such, a descriptive quantitative and qualitative study has been conducted at Family Health Basic Units [Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família] located in the administrative districts of Campo Limpo and Vila Andrade, southern zone of the city of São Paulo. The subjects of this study were the health care professionals responsible for the procedures related to pregnancy in their team. The data were collected by means of interviews guided by semi-structured questionnaires described by means of numbers and proportions. The results showed the lack of procedures aimed specifically at adolescents in the Family Health Strategy. Hegemonic practices related to pregnancy during adolescence in the studied teams remain traditional practices of health care focused on the biological aspects of human reproduction such as appointments, provision of contraceptive methods and prenatal care which are generally provided to the population and which barely meet the needs of that group. Nevertheless, adolescents are not invisible to the teams which make use of hosting and household visits as a means to identify the adolescents health needs and include them in the service. Practices aimed exclusively at adolescents were identified in some teams, such as educational groups and intersectorial practices, however, they proved ad-hoc initiatives. These practices, though augmented in relation to the traditional practices of health care focused on the biological aspects of human reproduction, are found tied up to a conception that views adolescence as unique, universal and troublesome and do not take pregnancy as an aftermath of the conditions of social reproduction of the adolescents, thus, being frail as to bringing changes to the health conditions of adolescents. The adoption of a theoretical conception which comprehends pregnancy as a result of the conditions of social reproduction may be the starting point for the expansion of the practices, it does not resume itself to this aspect, though, as the reality of the services seems to restrict creativity and the possibility of adding other practices to the work agenda.

RESUMO Neste trabalho procurei retratar resumidamente a diáspora judaica, desde a destruição do Segundo Templo até a expulsão dos judeus da Europa cristã, culminando com o seu refúgio no leste europeu, especialmente na Polônia e Lituânia. Estes dois reinos, que foram unificados em 1569, passaram para o total domínio russo em 1815. Nesta ocasião os judeus ficaram sujeitos aos novos mandatários e foram confinados no assim chamado Distrito de Residência, em algumas cidades e em aldeias denominadas de shteitlach, na Europa Oriental. Em seguida, apresentei a biografia de alguns poetas populares que viveram nessa região onde houve um enorme desenvolvimento cultural e literário da língua ídiche. (século XIX e começo do século XX). Eles foram especialmente escolhidos por seus trabalhos, que resultaram em canções populares, as quais se espalharam pelo mundo judaico, levando as mensagens do judeu dos shteilach da Europa Oriental do seu modo de vida, de sua religiosidade, seus dramas, as perseguições sofridas e também suas alegrias e suas esperanças. Seguem-se quarenta e sete canções transliteradas e traduzidas para o português, bem como algumas delas devidamente comentadas. Depois, sete canções são analisadas com base na lingüística e semiótica, revelando fatos históricos do povo judeu. O capítulo 4, “O fim do shteitl e as canções do gueto”, com sete canções, retrata o inferno vivido pelos judeus europeus durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, que se encerra com o bárbaro assassinato de seis milhões de judeus pelos nazistas, marcando quase que em definitivo, o final da literatura poética em língua ídiche. Por fim, uma vasta bibliografia, os créditos relativos às ilustrações utilizadas, bem como um glossário, para melhor entendimento do texto. São apresentados também dois anexos: no Anexo A, um catálogo de seissentas músicas judaicas e, no Anexo B, um livreto com doze músicas, na lingua original,transliteradas e traduzidas para o português, alem das partituras e um CD com as respectivas canções. / ABSTRACT I tried to portray, concisely, the Jewish Diaspora from the destruction of the Second Temple till the expulsion of the Jews from Christian Europe, that obliged then to be refuge in the western Europe specially in Poland and Lithuania. Both Kingdoms were unified in 1569 and after annexed to the Russian Empire in 1815 that forcing the Jews to live in Pales and inside villages called shteitlach, in Oriental Europe. In the sequence I presented some popular poets biographies, specially chosen by their work, which resulted in popular songs that spread through out the jewish world and showed their way of life, their religiosity, their dilemmas, their persecutions, their happiness and their dreams. Forty-seven songs transliterated and translated to Portuguese (some of that properly commented) are presented. Also seven songs analyzed using linguistics and semiotics methods, from which emerge historical facts of the Jewish people. The Fourth Chapter: “The end of the Shteitl and the Ghetto’s Songs,” containing seven songs, portrays the Holocaust of the Second World War, the murder of six million Jews, which led to the Yiddish poetic literature ending. Finally., there are a large bibliography, credits to the illustrations, and a Glossary, for a better understanding of the text. There are, also, two enclosures: In Enclosure A: A Six-hundred Jewish Songs Catalog. In Enclosure B: A song book and one CD containing Yiddish songs.

The characteristic of sport activities taught in classes in the first five years of primary school. The proposal of sport activities, which could be done both during classes and during breaks. Offering pupils various possibilities to sport activities. Enrich the ordinary day of pupil by sport activities.