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Durante la COVID-19 las clases fueron virtuales para evitar los contagios, ahora han retornado a la presencialidad, pero este cambio ha generado en los estudiantes diversas experiencias tanto positivas como negativas que deben ser investigadas. Objetivo: describir, analizar y comprender las experiencias ante el retorno a la presencialidad en estudiantes de enfermería del II ciclo de una universidad en Chiclayo, 2022. Método: Investigación cualitativa, con una metodología descriptiva exploratoria, en una muestra de 12 estudiantes del II ciclo de la Escuela de Enfermería de la USAT, determinada por saturación y redundancia, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una guía de entrevista semiestructurada, validada por juicios de expertos y ejecutada después de la aprobación por e Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Facultad de Medicina, y se utilizó los criterios éticos de Sgreccia. Para el procesamiento de datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados fueron representados por tres categorías: a) Experiencias en el desarrollo de las clases teóricas-prácticas y la relación con el docente y compañeros en el retorno a la presencialidad, b) Cambios experimentados en las evaluaciones ante el retorno a la presencialidad. c) Adaptación y reorganización del tiempo para cumplimiento de horarios, actividades académicas, cuidado personal y disminución el estrés. Conclusión: Las experiencias vividas por los estudiantes del II ciclo presentaron grandes retos en cada proceso que vivieron, existiendo diferentes ventajas y desventajas experimentadas ante el retorno a la presencialidad. / During COVID-19, classes were virtual to avoid contagion, now they have returned to face-toface, But this change has generated various positive and negative experiences in students that must Be investigated. Objective: to describe, analyze and understand the experiences before the return to face-to-face Nursing students of the second cycle of a university in Chiclayo, 2022. Method: Qualitative research, with a descriptive exploratory methodology, in a sample of 12 students of the second cycle from the USAT School of Nursing, determined by saturation and redundancy, the sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. For data collection, a semistructured interview guide was used, validated by expert judgments and executed after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, and the ethical criteria of Sgreccia were used. For data processing, the content analysis technique was used. The results were represented by three categories: a) Experiences in the development of theoretical-practical classes and the relationship with the teacher and classmates in the return to face-to-face, b) Changes experienced in the evaluations before the return to face-to-face. c) Adaptation and reorganization of time to comply with schedules, academic activities, personal care and stress reduction. Conclusion: The experiences lived by the students of the II cycle presented great challenges in each process they experienced, with different advantages and disadvantages experienced when returning to face-to-face.

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Krossade drömmar där kris och sorg möts•En kvalitativ studie om vilket stöd föräldrar får vars barn hjärnskadats under förlossningenSitnik, Magdalena. Krossade drömmar där kris och sorg möts – en kvalitativ studie om vilket stöd föräldrar får vars barn hjärnskadats under förlossningen. Examensarbete i socialt arbete, 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för Hälsa och samhälle, 2016.Många föräldrar som väntar barn drömmer och skapar en mental bild av sitt ofödda barn. Alltså när det händer att ett barn hjärnskadas under förlossning kan föräldrar befinna sig i en kris och sorgesituation. Studien visar att det inte är så många barn som hjärnskadas i samband med förlossningen årligen i Sverige. Därför har syftet med min studie varit att utforska vilket stöd de föräldrar får vars barn hjärnskadats under förlossningen. Den här studien undersöker vilket stöd professionella på neonatalklinikerna upplever att dessa föräldrar är i behov av. Studien illustrerar även hur professionella tillgodoser dessa individers behov och hur föräldrarna bemöts av yrkesverksamma personer på neonatalklinikerna. Studiens resultat visar att kris och sorgeprocess liknar samt överlappar varandra. Både kris och sorg är inte tidsbunden och kan saktas när och även dra sig tillbaka i sina respektive stadier. Resultat visar även att professionella inom neonatalkliniker måste ha individuellt förhållningssätt gentemot sina klienter. Där de erbjuder både praktiskt såväl som sociopsykologiskt stöd och hjälp till föräldrar varvs barn hjärnskadades i samband med förlossning. De yrkesverksamma personerna tillgodoser dessa föräldrarnas behov genom att lyssna på deras individuella behov noggrann. Resultatet pekar även på vikten av samverkan mellan professioner och organisationer för att erbjuda bästa möjliga hjälp för dessa föräldrar. Nyckelord: drömbarn, föräldrar, funktionshindrad, hjärnskada under förlossning,kris, det ickeperfekta barnet, sorg. / SHATTERED DREAMS WHEN CRISIS AND SORROW MEET• A QUALITATIVE STUDY ABOUT WHAT SUPPORT PARENTS TO BRAIN DAMAGED CHILDREN DURING DELIVERY GETSitnik, Magdalena. Shattered dreams when crisis and sorrow meet - a qualitative study about what support parents to brain damaged children during delivery get with a focus on parents. Examination paper in social work, 15p. Malmö University: Faculty of health and society, Department of health and society, 2016.Many parents who are expecting a child dream and create a mental image of their unborn baby. So when the parents are told that their new born child has got brain damage during delivery, parents end up in a situation of crisis and sorrow. The study shows that there are not many children who are brain damage during delivery in Sweden on a yearly basis. Therefore, the purpose of the study has been to explore what support parents to brain damaged children during delivery get.This study explores what support professionals in neonatal clinics experience that parents whose children are brain injured during delivery are in need of. My study also illustrates how professionals meet these needs of individuals and how they treat and respond to those parents in neonatal clinics.Study results show that the crisis and the grief process are similarly and can merge into each other. Both the crisis and grief is not time-bound and can be slowed and also pull back in their respective stages. Results also show that professionals in neonatal clinics must have an individual approach towards their clients. They offer practical as well as socio-psychological support and assistance for these parents whose children are brain injured during delivery. The professionals meet the parents’ needs by listening to them carefully. The results also point out the importance of cooperation between professions and organizations to provide the best possible help for those parents. Keywords: brain damage during birth, disabled, crisis, dream child, grief, not perfect child, parents.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The goal of this research was to investigate changes in the physiological properties including firmness, stiffness, weight, background colour, ethylene production and respiration of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple stored under different temperature and atmosphere conditions,. This research also seeks to establish mathematical models for the prediction of changes in firmness and stiffness of the apple during normal atmosphere (NA) storage. Experiments were conducted to determine the quality changes in ‘Cripps Pink’ apple under three sets of storage conditions. The first set of storage conditions consisted of NA storage at 0oC, 2.5oC, 5oC, 10oC, 20oC and 30oC. In the second set of conditions the apples were placed in NA cold storage at 0oC for 61 days, followed by NA storage at the aforementioned six temperatures. The third set of conditions consisted of controlled atmosphere (CA) (2 kPa O2 : 1 kPa CO2) at 0oC storage for 102 days followed by NA storage at the six temperatures mentioned previously. The firmness, stiffness, weight loss, skin colour, ethylene and carbon dioxide production of the apples were monitored at specific time intervals during storage. Firmness was measured using a HortPlus Quick Measure Penetrometer (HortPlus Ltd, Hawke Bat, New Zealand); stiffness was measured using a commercial acoustic firmness sensor-AFS (AWETA, Nootdorp, The Netherlands). Experimental data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 4.03, 2005 software package. The Least-Squares method and iterative non-linear regression were used to model and simulate changes in firmness and stiffness in GraphPad Prism 4.03, 2005 and DataFit 8.1, 2005 softwares. The experimental results indicated that the firmness and stiffness of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple stored in NA decreased with increases in temperature and time. Under NA, the softening pattern was tri-phasic for apples stored at 0oC, 2.5oC and 5oC for firmness, and at 0oC and 2.5oC for stiffness. However, there were only two softening phases for apples stored at higher temperatures. NA at 0oC, 2.5oC and 5oC improved skin background colour and extended the storage ability of apples compared to higher temperatures. CA during the first stage of storage better maintained the firmness and stiffness of the apples. However, it reduced subsequent ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO2) production after removal from storage. Steep increases in ethylene and CO2 production coincided with rapid softening in the fruit flesh and yellowing of the skin background colour, under NA conditions. The exponential decay model was the best model for predicting changes in the firmness, stiffness and keeping quality of the apples. The exponential decay model satisfied the biochemical theory of softening in the apple, and had the highest fitness to the experimental data collected over the wide range of temperatures. The softening rate increased exponentially with storage temperature complying with the Arrhenius equation. Therefore a combination of the exponential decay model with the Arrhenius equation was found to best characterise the softening process and to predict changes in the firmness and stiffness of apples stored at different temperatures in NA conditions.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The goal of this research was to investigate changes in the physiological properties including firmness, stiffness, weight, background colour, ethylene production and respiration of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple stored under different temperature and atmosphere conditions,. This research also seeks to establish mathematical models for the prediction of changes in firmness and stiffness of the apple during normal atmosphere (NA) storage. Experiments were conducted to determine the quality changes in ‘Cripps Pink’ apple under three sets of storage conditions. The first set of storage conditions consisted of NA storage at 0oC, 2.5oC, 5oC, 10oC, 20oC and 30oC. In the second set of conditions the apples were placed in NA cold storage at 0oC for 61 days, followed by NA storage at the aforementioned six temperatures. The third set of conditions consisted of controlled atmosphere (CA) (2 kPa O2 : 1 kPa CO2) at 0oC storage for 102 days followed by NA storage at the six temperatures mentioned previously. The firmness, stiffness, weight loss, skin colour, ethylene and carbon dioxide production of the apples were monitored at specific time intervals during storage. Firmness was measured using a HortPlus Quick Measure Penetrometer (HortPlus Ltd, Hawke Bat, New Zealand); stiffness was measured using a commercial acoustic firmness sensor-AFS (AWETA, Nootdorp, The Netherlands). Experimental data analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 4.03, 2005 software package. The Least-Squares method and iterative non-linear regression were used to model and simulate changes in firmness and stiffness in GraphPad Prism 4.03, 2005 and DataFit 8.1, 2005 softwares. The experimental results indicated that the firmness and stiffness of ‘Cripps Pink’ apple stored in NA decreased with increases in temperature and time. Under NA, the softening pattern was tri-phasic for apples stored at 0oC, 2.5oC and 5oC for firmness, and at 0oC and 2.5oC for stiffness. However, there were only two softening phases for apples stored at higher temperatures. NA at 0oC, 2.5oC and 5oC improved skin background colour and extended the storage ability of apples compared to higher temperatures. CA during the first stage of storage better maintained the firmness and stiffness of the apples. However, it reduced subsequent ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO2) production after removal from storage. Steep increases in ethylene and CO2 production coincided with rapid softening in the fruit flesh and yellowing of the skin background colour, under NA conditions. The exponential decay model was the best model for predicting changes in the firmness, stiffness and keeping quality of the apples. The exponential decay model satisfied the biochemical theory of softening in the apple, and had the highest fitness to the experimental data collected over the wide range of temperatures. The softening rate increased exponentially with storage temperature complying with the Arrhenius equation. Therefore a combination of the exponential decay model with the Arrhenius equation was found to best characterise the softening process and to predict changes in the firmness and stiffness of apples stored at different temperatures in NA conditions.