Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Title from title screen (viewed Oct. 1, 2007). Includes bibliographical references. Online version of the print original.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The aim of this dissertation is to provide an exposition of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture, considered by many to be one of the most important unsolved problems in modern Mathematics. A review of topics in Algebraic Number Theory and Algebraic Geometry is provided in order to provide a characterisation for elliptic curves over rational numbers. We investigate the group structure of rational points on elliptic curves, and show that this group is finitely generated by the Mordell-Weil Theorem. The Shafarevich-Tate group is introduced by way of an example. Thereafter, with the use of Galois Cohomology, we provide a general definition of this mysterious group. We also discuss invariants like the regulator and real period, which appear in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. After defining the L-function, we state the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and discuss results which have been proved and some consequences. We discuss numerical verification of the Conjecture, and show some computations, including an example of our own.

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Orientadores: Maria Izabel Maretti Silveira Bueno, Juliana Terra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T08:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Forchetti_DeboradeAndradePenteado_M.pdf: 2089203 bytes, checksum: 442a9c77c03932f1bac41343ba565858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O chocolate é um dos alimentos processados mais consumidos no mundo, apresentando importância não só econômica como também nutricional e medicinal, podendo ser consumido por todas as faixas etárias. Nos rótulos de alimentos são apresentadas várias informações nutricionais, entre elas, o teor de gordura. A determinação deste parâmetro geralmente é feita pelo método Bligh-Dyer, um procedimento lento, que requer o uso de reagentes tóxicos, sendo gerador de resíduo. Visando reduzir ou eliminar estes aspectos negativos, foram desenvolvidos modelos de calibração e validação para determinar o teor de gorduras totais em chocolates a partir da aliança entre a fluorescência de raios X e a quimiometria. Apesar de tais aspectos, o método Bligh-Dyer é simples, não requerer equipamento sofisticado e apresenta um elevado potencial didático. Portanto, para a construção dos modelos quimiométricos, os valores considerados como de referência foram determinados pelo método de Bligh-Dyer por alunos de ensino médio de escolas públicas da região de Campinas, depois de estudos estatísticos dos mesmos. Desta forma, utilizando um alimento muito consumido pelo público jovem, foi possível integrar alunos do ensino médio com a universidade e propor uma alternativa ao método analítico convencional, sendo muito atraente para análises de rotina, com erros inferiores ao estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira vigente / Abstract: Chocolate is one of the most processed foods consumed in the world, presenting not only economic but also nutritional and medicinal importance, being consumed by all age groups. Nutritional data are presented at food labels, including fat contents. The determination of this parameter is based on Bligh-Dyer method, considered time-consuming, laborious and producing residues. These methods involve the use of reagents (some toxic) besides destroying the samples. In order to reduce or eliminate these negative aspects, calibration and validation models have been developed to determine the total fat content in chocolates from the alliance between X-ray fluorescence and chemometrics. Despite these aspects, the Bligh-Dyer method is simple, does not require sophisticated apparatus and shows a high didactic potential. Therefore, reference fat values were determined by the method of Bligh-Dyer by high school students from public schools in the region of Campinas and were used to construct chemometric models. Thus, using a attractive food consumed by young students, it was possible to integrate high school to the university and to propose an alternative to conventional analytical method. It is very attractive for routine analysis, with errors lower than those established by Brazilian legislation / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestra em Química

In 2011 the Swedish translation of Jonathan Franzen's novel Freedom was published in Sweden. The novel tells the story of a middle class family, their relatives and friends, set within a context of political events. As well as in the US, the novel was soon praised by Swedish critics as a generation novel, that illustrates "the way we live now". Around that time a debate about family ideals rose in Sweden. The debate pointed towards discourses about family norms, related to motherhood and divorce. Because of the reception of Freedom as depicting a 'typical' family in contemporary culture, Freedom is used as material in this thesis, to study the construction of family ideals. In this study the family ideal is defined as white, middle class and heterosexual, and an intersectional approach as well as Critical Discourse Analysis is used. The aim of this thesis is to study the family ideal as it is reproduced in Freedom, and compare the results to Social Sciences of Gender, Class and Critical Whiteness Studies. The thesis also studies both the American and the Swedish reception of Freedom, in relation to its content. The study found that a traditional family ideal is constructed, through different discourses. The study also found that subject positions in different social categories are constructed in opposition to each other according to gender, class and whiteness norms.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-21T17:48:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Tomas 2016.pdf: 3290049 bytes, checksum: 1f383e6c83c3ca0a2b8d59aa65426c21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T17:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Tomas 2016.pdf: 3290049 bytes, checksum: 1f383e6c83c3ca0a2b8d59aa65426c21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / The search for renewable energy sources is a concern of the new generations in face of possible fossil fuel scarcity and climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. When compared with diesel derived from petroleum, the biodiesel can reduce 78% carbon dioxide emissions, considering plants reabsorption; also, it can reduce by 90% emissions of smoke and virtu ally eliminates sulfur oxide. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cultivation of microalgae Scenedesmus acuminatus in the substrate composed by corn steep liquor for biodiesel production purposes. Initially a preliminary test was carried out to verify the viability of growing the microalgae in the effluent; further, a central composite design was carried to study the influence of the effluent and inoculum concentration on the cell density biomass, production of biomass, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and maximum growth rate (μmax) of microalgae culture. Statistical analysis indicated that the percentage of inoculum and effluent had na influence on the cell density, COD and maximum specific growth rate and that the optimal cultivation conditions would be achieved with the use of 53.5 % of efluente and 5.2% of inoculum. The proposed model was validated through cultivation under the proposed conditions, achieving 0.30 g/L of dry biomass on the seventh day. The cultivation, together with the coagulation procedure, was efficient for the removal of organic matter, verified through the COD and pH reduction, reaching the appropriate level according the standard required by current legislation. HARA & RADIN (1978) was more efficient for extraction at 45ºC: achieved a yield of 44,50 ± 2,12 mg / L total lipids. The extraction temperature had influence on the yield of lipids: the procedure performed at 45 ° C was able to extract more lipids in both methods. / A busca por fontes renováveis de energia é uma preocupação das novas gerações em face da possível escassez dos combustíveis fósseis e das alterações climáticas causadas pelas emissões dos gases do efeito estufa. Comparado ao óleo diesel derivado de petróleo, o biodiesel pode reduzir em 78% as emissões de gás carbônico, considerando-se a reabsorção pelas plantas; também reduz em 90% as emissões de fumaça e praticamente elimina as emissões de óxido de enxofre. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o cultivo de microalgas Scenedesmus acuminatus em substrato composto por água de maceração do milho para fins de produção de biodiesel. Inicialmente realizou-se um teste preliminar para verificar a viabilidade de crescimento dessa microalga no efluente; posteriormente foi realizado um delineamento composto central rotacional para estudar a influência da concentração de efluente no meio e percentual inicial de células (inóculo) sobre a densidade celular, acúmulo de biomassa, DQO e velocidade máxima de crescimento (μmax) do cultivo. A análise estatística indicou que os percentuais de inóculo e efluente tiveram influência sobre a densidade celular, DQO e velocidade máxima específica de crescimento e que as condições ótimas do cultivo seriam alcançadas com a utilização de 53,5% de efluente e 5,2% de inóculo. O modelo proposto foi validado através de um cultivo nas condições propostas, cujo rendimento em biomassa seca foi de 0,30g/L ao sétimo dia. O cultivo, aliado ao procedimento de coagulação, foi eficiente para remoção de matéria orgânica do meio de cultura, observada através da redução dos valores de DQO e pH, que atingiram nível adequado ao padrão exigido pela legislação vigente. A metodologia HARA & RADIN (1978) foi a mais eficiente foi mais eficiente para extração de lipídeos totais à temperatura de 45ºC: obteve um rendimento de 44,50 ± 2,12 mg/L. A temperatura de extração teve influência sobre o rendimento em lipídeos: o procedimento realizado a 45°C foi capaz de extrair maior quantidade de lipídeos para ambos os métodos.

<p>Here I study some European films from the late 1950’s and the early 1960’s by directors like Fellini, Visconti, Pasolini and Godard. By comparing them with different sociological studies on the subject of female prostitution I try to find out if these films are interested in the actual situation of the prostitute, or in their own image of the phenomenon. Is she an object used for sex or just an sex object? Is she positively or negatively pictured? With realism or as a stereotype? Which aspects of her situation is shown and which ones are concealed? What is the view on the men who actually use her services?</p><p>It seems natural that different types of films, with different types of prostitutes, illustrates different aspects of what prostitution might be. These films all include the female prostitute with the identity of the Martyr. What seems to be her function in the story? What are these films trying to say by killing off these women or making them suffer in all sorts of ways?</p><p>Even if martyrdom usually is something Christian, these women’s martyrdom is interesting of other reasons, even though the interesting thing is how she is shown, not to be allowed to get rid of her guilt in other ways than by sacrificing her own life, or something else of great value to her. Even then it does not seem sure that she will be “forgiven”.</p><p>These women are all striving to leave their prostitution. But this striving does not reward them in any way. They are not allowed to become “respectable” women after once having taken the identity of a prostitute. Some say patriarchy holds the female prostitute’s suffering for necessary. But the suffering in itself might also be, I try to argue, someting more or less subversive.</p>

Here I study some European films from the late 1950’s and the early 1960’s by directors like Fellini, Visconti, Pasolini and Godard. By comparing them with different sociological studies on the subject of female prostitution I try to find out if these films are interested in the actual situation of the prostitute, or in their own image of the phenomenon. Is she an object used for sex or just an sex object? Is she positively or negatively pictured? With realism or as a stereotype? Which aspects of her situation is shown and which ones are concealed? What is the view on the men who actually use her services? It seems natural that different types of films, with different types of prostitutes, illustrates different aspects of what prostitution might be. These films all include the female prostitute with the identity of the Martyr. What seems to be her function in the story? What are these films trying to say by killing off these women or making them suffer in all sorts of ways? Even if martyrdom usually is something Christian, these women’s martyrdom is interesting of other reasons, even though the interesting thing is how she is shown, not to be allowed to get rid of her guilt in other ways than by sacrificing her own life, or something else of great value to her. Even then it does not seem sure that she will be “forgiven”. These women are all striving to leave their prostitution. But this striving does not reward them in any way. They are not allowed to become “respectable” women after once having taken the identity of a prostitute. Some say patriarchy holds the female prostitute’s suffering for necessary. But the suffering in itself might also be, I try to argue, someting more or less subversive.

Abstract I denna studie undersöks interaktion mellan karaktärer i syfte att utforska hur medierad maskulinitet och temat seriemördare uttrycks i den amerikanska tv-serien Dexter (Showtime 2006-2013). I serien får vi följa seriemördaren Dexter Morgan som drivs av ett begär att döda. Parallellt med denna centrala del av handlingen söker Dexter Morgan också sin identitet som man utanför rollen som seriemördare med avsikt att smälta in i samhällsnormen. Syftet med min studie är att belysa medierad maskulinitet i tv-serien, med huvudfokus på huvudrollskaraktären Dexter Morgan. Vidare diskuteras representation av medierad maskulinitet i relation till karaktärsdrag kopplade till kategorin seriemördare. Studiens frågeställningar lyder således: Vad är relationen mellan seriemördartemat och Dexter Morgan som medierad maskulinitet? Hur ser Dexter Morgans interaktion med tre centrala karaktärer (hans far, syster och läkare) i serien ut? Vilka egenskaper kopplat till maskulinitet respektive femininitet kan urskiljas? Förändras Dexter Morgans karaktär under seriens gång, och i så fall hur? Den teoretiska ramen domineras av R.W Connells maskulinitetsteori avseende hegemonisk, underordnad och delaktig maskulinitet. Kategorin seriemördare diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning av Louise Nilsson och Richard Dyer. Materialet utgörs av representativa scener ur seriens handling, insamlade från olika säsonger. Det metodologiska tillvägagångssättet är baserat på narratologi i avsikt att identifiera vilka delar en berättelse vilar på. Scenanalysen utgår från Keith Selbys och Ron Cowderys narrativa analysmodell som i min studie delas upp i två steg. Steg ett innebär en deskriptiv genomgång av selekterad scen. Därefter följer analysen av scenen i ett separat stycke. Analysen påvisar att om endast två karaktärer förekommer i samma scen kan de aldrig inta samma genuskonstruktion då maktpositionering dem emellan är ständigt närvarande, beroende av de maskulina respektive feminina egenskaperna karaktärerna tillskrivs. Slutsatsen är att Dexter Morgans medierade maskulinitetsroll faller inom ramen för en traditionell maskulinitet, som verkar för att vidmakthålla ett patriarkalt samhälle, där denna hegemoniska maskulinitet förblir den genusroll som alla andra ska mätas mot. Analysen visar också på att egenskaper tillskrivna hegemonisk maskulinitet tenderar att sammanfalla med de karaktäristiska egenskaper förenat med temat seriemördare.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur identitet uttrycks i tre musikvideos som tillhör genren ”queer rap” (Mykki Blanco, Le1f och Zebra Katz) där jag ställer frågan om den identitet som uttrycks hos dem är subversiva. För att ta reda på detta användes representations-begreppet tillsammans med Richard Dyers definition av stereotyper och José Esteban Muñoz avidentifikations-begrepp. Dessa tre artisters identiteter går att tolkas som subversiva då de använder normer och redan befintliga identiteter för att skapa nya uttryck, både från det heteronormativa och andra subversiva subkulturer. De skapar nya identiteter och uttryck med de normer som finns.