Mobile communication systems are undergoing significant development on increasingly wide frequency bands (5G in particular). To support this development, a detailed characterization of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in L, S and C band between a station (satellite, airborne or ground) and a mobile platform is necessary to analyze and model the phenomena that have a decisive impact on the performance, availability and operability of systems. The environments of interest are complex (urban environment for example) and include a wide range of different elements (buildings, pylons, trees etc.) that will have an impact on the signal received by a mobile in reception. These needs motivated the development of a simulator using an enhanced hybrid physicalstatistical model for Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) propagation Channel. This simulator has been developed by a PhD student and presented in [Ait+13]. This study has been conducted by the ONERA on behalf of the CNES. The Simplified CHannel for Urban Navigation (SCHUN) ensure a wideband characterization of the channel, with realistic multipath modelling and is dedicated to the testing of GNSS systems. However, this model must be validated in S and C bands and measurement campaigns have been carried out to compare simulated and experimental data. In this work, the data corresponding to a trajectory with alternatively LOS and NLOS situation in an urban canyon have been derived from a measurement campaign carried out in Saint-Lary in S and C frequency bands. The post-processing of the data performed in the S frequency band has been performed using a pre-existing algorithm implemented at ONERA relying upon acquisition and tracking signal processing principles of GNSS. This trajectory has been simulated along with its surroundings using SCHUN. The Channel Impulse Response has been computed to derive multipath characteristics. Comparisons have been made between simulations and experimental data and have shown great concordance. Future works would be first to extend this comparison to C-bands and then to statistically simulate a virtual city corresponding to the town in which the experiment has been carried out to complete the validation. / Mobila kommunikationssystem genomgår en betydande utveckling på allt bredare frekvensband (särskilt 5G). För att stödja denna utveckling krävs en detaljerad karakterisering av utbredningen av elektromagnetiska vågor i L-, S- och C-banden mellan en station (satellit, luftburen eller markbaserad) och en mobil plattform för att analysera och modellera de fenomen som har en avgörande inverkan på systemens prestanda, tillgänglighet och funktionsduglighet. De intressanta miljöerna är komplexa (t.ex. stadsmiljöer) och innehåller en mängd olika element (byggnader, master, träd osv.) som påverkar den signal som tas emot av en mobil i mottagning.  Dessa behov motiverade utvecklingen av en simulator som använder en förbättrad fysisk-statistisk hybridmodell för landmobila satellituppbredningskanaler (LMS). Denna simulator har utvecklats av en doktorand och presenteras i [Ait+13]. Denna studie har genomförts av ONERA på uppdrag av CNES. Simplified CHannel for Urban Navigation (SCHUN) säkerställer en bredbandig karakterisering av kanalen med realistisk multipath-modellering och är avsedd för testning av GNSS-system. Denna modell måste dock valideras i S- och C-banden och mätkampanjer har genomförts för att jämföra simulerade och experimentella data. I detta arbete har data som motsvarar en bana med alternativt LOS- och NLOS-situation i en urban canyon tagits fram från en mätkampanj som utfördes i Saint-Lary i S- och C-banden. Efterbearbetningen av data från S-frekvensbandet har utförts med hjälp av en befintlig algoritm som implementerats vid ONERA och som bygger på GNSS-signalbehandlingsprinciperna för förvärv och spårning. Denna bana har simulerats tillsammans med dess omgivningar med hjälp av SCHUN. Kanalimpulsresponsen har beräknats för att få fram egenskaperna för multipelväg. Jämförelser har gjorts mellan simuleringar och experimentella data och har visat stor överensstämmelse. Framtida arbeten skulle vara att först utvidga denna jämförelse till C-bandet och sedan statistiskt simulera en virtuell stad som motsvarar den stad där experimentet utfördes för att slutföra valideringen.

This study showcases the perceived affordances of learning management systems (LMS)in the private sector and in the non-academic public sector. The qualitative study consisted of 9 interviews of industry professionals. The semi-structured interviews captured current practices of how LMS were utilized within their organization as well as the perceived benefits that their organization obtained by utilizing an LMS. The findings showcased that the affordance category with the highest overall frequency was Operations Management 3. The affordance type with the highest overall frequency was Operational Process OM3, and the code with the highest overall frequency was Professional Development OD1-OL.

Idag finns det ett ökat behov av en digital plats där studenter kan delta i kurser och ta till sig kunskap. En typ av en sådan digital plats är lärplattformar, exempelvis Learning Management Systems (LMS). Eftersom teknik har en betydande roll i studenters liv förväntar de sig även att denna teknologin är väl fungerande. Inom utbildningskontext betraktas motivation som en av de viktigaste faktorerna för att studenter ska vara framgångsrika i sin utbildning, och känslan av kompetens är en en viktig del av motivation. Känslan av kompetens handlar om att en person skall känna sig bra, kunnig eller skicklig på något och uppleva en känsla om sin egen potential. Om känslan av kompetensen minskar eller försvinner kan en student förlora sin motivation och därmed ge upp sina studier. En designteknik som kan användas för att främja en känsla av kompetens som är en del av inre motivation är spelifiering. Dock har spelifiering inte resulterat i enbart positiva resultat där lärande och en känsla av kompetens har främjats. Tidigare forskning inom spelifiering har resulterat i blandade resultat på hur väl designtekniken fungerar för att främja en känsla av kompetens. Tidigare forskning har studerat om spelifiering fungerar istället för att studera hur spelifiering kan fungera i en studiekontext. Då en känsla av kompetens är en grundläggande del för att studenter ska klara av sina studier ämnar studien att undersöka hur spelifiering kan implementeras i LMS plattformar för att främja en känsla av kompetens hos studenter. Frågeställningen undersöktes med en designorienterad ansats där spelelement designas in i en prototyp av en LMS plattform. Utvärdering av prototypen möjliggjorde ett framtagande av fyra designförslag för hur spelifiering kan användas för att främja studenters känsla av kompetens i en LMS plattform. / Today, there is an increased need for a digital place where students can participate in courses and acquire knowledge. One type of such a digital place are learning platforms and an example of one such platform is Learning Management Systems (LMS). Technology has a significant role in students’ lives, and because of this they also expect this technology to work well. In the context of education, motivation is regarded as one of the most important factors for students to be successful and a feeling of competence is part of what needs to be achieved. A feeling of competence is about having a person feel good, knowledgeable or skilled at something and experiencing a feeling about their own potential. If the feeling of competence decreases, a student can lose their motivation and thereby give up on their studies. A design technique that can be used to foster a feeling of competence, that is part of intrinsic motivation, is gamification. However, using gamified elements which are competitive has not only resulted in positive results. Research in gamification has resulted in mixed results on how well the design technique works to foster a feeling of competence. Previous research on gamification has disregarded how competence and intrinsic motivation influence a student's performance. Previous research has studied whether gamification works instead of studying how gamification can work in a study context. Therefore, this study intends to investigate how gamification can be implemented in digital learning platforms to foster a sense of competence among students. The question was examined with a design-oriented approach where game elements were designed into a prototype of an LMS platform. Evaluation of the prototype made it possible to develop four design proposals of how gamification can be used to foster students' sense of competence in an LMS platform.

Les systèmes de communications par satellite sont utilisés dans le contexte de la radiodiffusion, de la navigation, du sauvetage et du secours aux sinistrés, car ils permettent de fournir des services sur une large zone de couverture. Cependant, cette zone de couverture est limitée par l'effet de masquage provoqué par des obstacles qui bloquent la liaison directe entre le satellite et un utilisateur terrestre. L'effet de masquage devient plus sévère en cas de satellites à faibles angles d'élévation ou lorsque l'utilisateur est à l'intérieur. Pour résoudre ce problème, les Systèmes Coopératifs Hybride Satellite-Terrestre (HSTCS) ont été proposés. Dans un système HSTCS, l'utilisateur mobile peut profiter de la diversité spatiale en recevant des signaux à la fois du satellite et des relais terrestres. Les gap-fillers fixes ou mobiles sont utilisés pour relayer le signal satellite. La plupart des systèmes de diffusion par satellite utilisent les gap-fillers fixes alors que les gap-fillers mobiles sont nécessaires en cas de communications d'urgence lorsque l'infrastructure fixe n'est pas disponible. Dans les scénarios d'urgence (incendie, tremblement de terre, inondations, explosion) l'infrastructure terrestre existante est endommagée, donc les HSTCSs sont appropriés pour mettre à jour des informations qui permettent aux sauveteurs d'intervenir efficacement et en toute sécurité. En particulier, une mise en œuvre rapide et souple est nécessaire, ce qui pourrait être fourni par le déploiement de gap-fillers mobiles (véhicule ou portable). Plusieurs scénarios coopératifs et techniques de transmission ont déjà été proposés et étudiés. Cependant, la plupart des méthodes proposées ne fournissent qu'une analyse de performance fondée sur la simulation alors que les expressions analytiques de la probabilité de coupure et de la Probabilité d'Erreur Symbole (SEP) n'ont pas encore été établies. Cette thèse se focalise sur l'analyse de performances des systèmes HSTCS. La probabilité de coupure et SEP du système utilisant le schéma de transmission Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF), avec ou sans sélection de relais, est évaluée dans le cas des modulations MPSK et MQAM. Cette expression analytique permet de concevoir le système HSTCS. Ces résultats sont applicables aux cas des relais fixes ou mobiles. La seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à des problèmes de synchronisation (décalage en temps et en fréquence ainsi que l'étalement Doppler). La mobilité des utilisateurs crée l'étalement Doppler qui détruit l'orthogonalité des sous-porteuses dans les signaux de type Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Cette perte d'orthogonalité engendre de l'interférence entre sous-porteuses (ICI) et donc une dégradation des performances du système en termes de SEP. Dans ce cas, on présente les conditions dans lesquelles cette dégradation peut être compensée par une augmentation du Rapport Signal sur Bruit (SNR) du côté de l'émetteur. Le résultat dépend du schéma de modulation et aussi de la vitesse des utilisateurs. / Satellite communication systems are used in the context of broadcasting, navigation, rescue, and disaster relief since they allow the provision of services over a wide coverage area. However, this coverage area is limited by the masking effect caused by obstacles that block the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) link between the satellite and a terrestrial user. The masking effect becomes more severe in case of low satellite elevation angles or when the user is indoor. To address this issue, Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Cooperative Systems (HSTCSs) have been proposed. In an HSTCS, the mobile user can exploit the diversity advantages by receiving signals from both satellite and terrestrial components. Fixed or mobile gap-fillers are used to relay the satellite signal. Most of satellites broadcasting systems have been implemented using fixed gap-fillers while mobile gap-fillers are needed in emergency cases when the fixed infrastructure is not available. In emergency scenarios (e.g., fire, earthquake, flood and explosion), the existing terrestrial infrastructure has been destroyed. So, an HSTCS is appropriate for transmitting the information between the rescuers and the central office. This allows the rescuers to operate efficiently. In particular, a fast and flexible implementation is needed and this could be provided by deploying mobile gap fillers (vehicle or mobile handheld). Recently, the topic of HSTCSs has gain interest in the research community. Several cooperative scenarios and transmission techniques have been proposed and studied. However, most of existing approaches only provide a performance analysis based on simulation results and the analytical expression of the exact Symbol Error Probability (SEP) is generally not provided. This dissertation focuses on the performance analysis of HSTCSs. The exact closed-form outage probability and SEP of Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) transmission scheme with and without relay selection are derived for both M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) schemes. This analytical SEP helps in designing and dimensioning HSTCSs. Our results are applicable to both fixed and mobile relaying techniques. Another part of the dissertation is dedicated to synchronization issues (time, frequency shifting/spreading). The mobility of users induces a Doppler spread in the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal that destroys the orthogonality of subcarriers. The loss of orthogonality produces Inter-subCarrier Interference (ICI) and hence a degradation of the system performance in terms of SEP. In this case, we present the conditions in which this degradation can be compensated for by an increase in the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at the transmitter side. The result depends on both the modulation scheme and the speed of the mobile users.

The efficiency of direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) receiver is highly dependent on the accurate and fast synchronization between the incoming and locally generated PN (pseudo-noise) codes. The code synchronization is processed in two steps, acquisition (coarse alignment) and tracking (fine alignment), to estimate the delay offset between the two codes. In general, the schemes for code acquisition and tracking processes are performed, separately, and implemented with different structure. Recently, an alternative approach, with the adaptive LMS filtering scheme, has been proposed for performing both code acquisition and tracking with the identical structure, where the coherent receiver was employed. With this approach, dramatically, hardware complexity reduction could be achieved, especially, when long PN code is considered. In this thesis, a new differentially coherent code synchronization scheme, based on a differential detector followed by an adaptive constrained LMS (CLMS) filtering algorithm with maximum tap weight (MTW) test scheme, is devised for performing both code acquisition and tracking with the identical structure. With a differential detector for code synchronization, the prior knowledge of the carrier phase is not required as the non-coherent techniques. Numerical analyses and simulation results verify that the proposed scheme has better acquisition performance, in terms of mean acquisition time, than the conventional LMS filtering algorithm with MTW test and mean square error (MSE) test schemes for the integer and non-integer time delay environments. At the same time, the proposed scheme has better tracking capability, in terms of mean hold-in time and mean penalty time, over the conventional LMS filtering schemes, for the variation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and delay offset (delay difference).

Modeling of quantile curves is a common problem across various fields in today's practice. The topic of this thesis is estimating quantile curves in case of two-sample gradual change. That is, when a relationship between two continuous variables in two samples is of interest, where the relationship is the same for both samples until a certain value of the explanatory variable. From that point on the relationship can differ. The result of this thesis is a procedure for estimating quantile curves, which fulfill this concept. 1

As a result of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease the Swedish colleges, adult schools and high schools closed and switched to distance education. Beside the pandemic a report from the Teachers' Union was published in which it was found that many teachers are dissatisfied with the learning management systems used. The digitization of the school thus became a highly relevant area during this time. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the municipal adult education teacher's experience and use of learning management systems and thereby highlight what they see for challenges and opportunities with the learning management systems and if it has an impact on the actual usage. This paper is expected to respond to how teachers in Swedish municipal adult education feel that it is to work with learning management systems. To answer the question, a qualitative starting point is used, where semi-structured interviews have been used. In this study, the theoretical model UTAUT is used to analyze the result. The four constructs from UTAUT are used to categorize and identify the teachers' experiences, to better answer our research question. Ten municipal adult education teachers from four different schools in Västra Götaland, Sweden participated in the study. In the study, we could see that the most common area of use for the learning management system seems to be to communicate and to make materials accessible to students between classes. In addition, we could see that the teachers felt that their level of technical experience were somewhere between medium and high, all had some type of education and training in how to use learning platforms, however, more teachers described that there was a need for more education among colleagues. Advantages of learning management systems that most teachers described were increased efficiency, communication and accessibility, disadvantages that teachers described were legal security, integration, compliance with law and feedback. In general, the teachers seem more positively attuned to the platforms than negative. From the UTAUT model, we could see that all factors affect the teacher's intention and the actual use of the platform positively, however, some parts of the effort expectancy can negatively affect the teacher's intention to use. / I takt med coronautbrottet som startade i Kina och spred sig till stora delar av världen blev resultatet att svenska högskolor, vuxenskolor och gymnasium stängdes ner och gick över till ren distansutbildning. Parallellt med coronautbrottet publicerades en rapport från Lärarförbundet där det hade visat sig att många lärare är missnöjda med de digitala lärplattformar som används. Digitaliseringen av skolan blev därmed ett högt aktuellt område under denna tid. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka komvuxlärarens upplevelse av digitala lärplattformar och därmed lyfta fram vad de tycker finns för olika för- och nackdelar samt vad som påverkar den faktiska användningen. Denna studie förväntas svara på hur lärare i svensk kommunal vuxenutbildning upplever att det är att arbeta med digitala lärplattformar. För att besvara frågeställning används en kvalitativ utgångspunkt, där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. I studien används den teoretiska modellen UTAUT för att analysera resultatet. Kärnfaktorerna från UTAUT används för att kategorisera och identifiera lärarnas upplevelser, för att bättre besvara frågeställningen. I studien deltog tio komvuxlärare från fyra olika skolor i Västra Götaland. I studien kunde vi se att det vanligaste användningsområdet för en digital lärplattform verkar vara att kommunicera och för att göra material tillgängligt för eleverna mellan lektionstillfällen. Utöver detta kunde vi se att lärarna ansåg att de befann sig någonstans mellan medel och hög nivå gällande teknisk kunskap, samtliga hade haft någon typ av utbildning och fortbildning i hur de kan använda digitala lärplattformar, dock beskrev flera lärare att det fanns ett behov av mer utbildning bland kollegorna. Fördelar med digitala lärplattformar som de flesta lärare beskrev var ökad effektivitet, kommunikation och tillgänglighet, nackdelar som lärarna beskrev var rättssäkerhet, integration, förenlighet med lag, och feedback. Överlag verkar lärarna mer positivt inställda till plattformarna än negativt. Utifrån UTAUT-modellen kunde vi se att samtliga faktorer påverkar lärarens intention till och den faktiska användningen av plattformen positivt, dock kan vissa delar i förväntad ansträngning kan påverka lärarens intention till användning negativt.

This thesis presents a use of 3D laser range finder designed for purposes of autnonomous mobile systems. The 3D scanner is built as extension of 2D laser range finder with rotation module. In the first section is described laser range finder SICK LMS 291 and his pitching construction along with used software tools. Second part deals with design and implementation of algorithms for data reading and their processing with methods of surface reconstruction, octree and object segmentation with Hough transform.

Vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung in der Hochschulbildung, insbesondere ihrer didaktisch- methodischen, technischen und organisatorischen Implementierung und ihrer Integration in geeignete Lernmanagementsysteme, beschäftigt sich das vorliegende Paper mit dem Lernen von Studierenden in und mit digitalen Medien sowie der kollaborativen Wissensarbeit im Rahmen eines Crowdfunding-Projekts für Jugendliche. Im vorgestellten Lehrpraxisbeispiel wird ein Flipped-Classroom-Konzept kombiniert mit einem Community-based Service Learning-Ansatz umgesetzt, um die Vermittlung digitaler Kompetenzen mit einer fachlich-inhaltlichen Wissensvertiefung im Bereich alternativer Finanzierungsformen im Management von Einrichtungen der Sozialen Arbeit einerseits und dem gesellschaftlichen Engagement der Studierenden andererseits zu verknüpfen.

TITLE: Didactic aspects of e-learning in adult education AUTHOR: Aneta Kalinová DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary Education SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Nataša Mazáčová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The thesis work has resulted from the systematization of theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge in the field of e-learning education both in the context of adult education. Its target was a complex conception of e-learning education in its wider view with focus on lifelong education, gradually zooming in on the particularities of co-directing of learning satisfying adult learners' education needs with elaborate online learning supports and a tutor's support. It presents a row of arguments and reasons for the need of pursuing the e-learning education especially in the context of lifelong education and also seeking the advantages, regularly following and evaluating as well as improving the design of online learning supports and tutors' activities in this education sphere. Based on the empiric data gained in a questionnaire research the work tries to penetrate the field of learning aspects of the online learning supports and tutoring and to follow some aspects of the respondents' behaviour which influence their perception of the learning aspects. The lack of systematic studies focused on finding the correlations is the main...