Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoJVD_DISSERT.pdf: 2741868 bytes, checksum: 97ddceb816029ff94f808bc361679f56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Brazil is the world s leading coffee producer. In 2008, 45.99 million of 60 kg bags of benefited coffee were produced. In the process of improvement 50% is grain and 50% is husk, thus, 1.38 million tons of coffee husk are produced annually. The husk is used as combustible in the drying and improvement ovens in the coffee farms, generating ash as residue. These ashes contain a high concentration of alkaline metals and earth metals, mainly K2O and CaO. This work studies the use of this residue in the ceramic tiles industry, as fluxing agents in substitution to the feldspar. Ten mixtures with equal ratios of clay and kaolin, proceeding from Bahia and the residue (varying from 30 to 5%) were defined and produced in uniaxial tool die of 60x20mm with approximately 5 mm of thickness and 45MPa compacting pressure. The samples were fired in four different temperatures: 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1185 ?C and 1200 ?C during 60 minutes and characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, gravimetric thermal analysis and differential thermal analysis. The results of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, XRD, dilatometry, flexural strength and SEM were also analysed. The test specimen with addition of 10% of ash fired in 1200 ?C resulted in 0.18% water absorption and 40.77 MPa flexural strength, being classified as porcelain stoneware tiles according to ABNT, UNI and ISO norms / O Brasil ? o maior produtor mundial de caf?. Em 2008 foram produzidas 45,99 milh?es de sacas, de 60 Kg, de caf? beneficiado. No processo de beneficiamento 50% ? gr?o e 50% ? casca. Assim, 1,38 milh?es de toneladas de cascas de caf? s?o produzidas anualmente. A casca ? utilizada como combust?vel nos fornos de secagem e beneficiamento nas fazendas de caf?, gerando uma cinza como res?duo. As cinzas da casca de caf? apresentam altas concentra??es de metais alcalinos e alcalinos-terrosos, principalmente K2O e CaO. Este trabalho estuda a utiliza??o deste res?duo na ind?stria de placas cer?micas para revestimentos, como fundente, em substitui??o ao feldspato. Foram definidas 10 formula??es com iguais propor??es de argila e caulim provenientes da Bahia, e o res?duo (variando de 30 a 5%), e confeccionados corpos-de-prova em matriz uniaxial de 60x20mm com aproximadamente 5 mm de espessura, com press?o de compacta??o de 45Mpa. As amostras foram sinterizadas em quatros patamares de temperatura, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1185 ?C e 1200 ?C durante 60 minutos. Foram realizados ensaios para caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, difra??o de raios-X, AG, ATD e ATG e analisados os resultados de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear, DRX, an?lise dilatom?trica, resist?ncia ? flex?o e MEV. Os corpos de prova com adi??o de 10% da cinza e sinterizados a 1200 ?C obtiveram resultados de absor??o de ?gua de 0,18% e resist?ncia ? flex?o de 40,77 MPa, o que segundo as normas ABNT, UNI e ISO podem ser classificados como gr?s porcelanato

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioASL_DISSERT.pdf: 2460649 bytes, checksum: bed5dd26e82ea61d687c6641214ac014 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Space Science was built using a composite made of plaster, EPS, shredded tires, cement and water. Studies were conducted to thermal and mechanical resistance. Inside the mold EPS plates were placed in order to obtain a higher thermal resistance on the wall constructed, as well as to give it an end environmentally friendly in view of both the tire and the EPS occupy a large space in landfills and year need to be degraded when released into the environment. Compression tests were performed according to ABNT blocks to seal, measurements of the temperature variation in the external and internal walls using a laser thermometer and check the temperature of the indoor environment using a thermocouple attached to a digital thermometer. The experiments demonstrated the heat provided by the composite values from the temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces on the walls, reaching levels of 12.4 ? C and room temperature in the interior space of the Science of 33.3 ? C, remaining within the zone thermal comfort for hot climate countries. It was also demonstrated the proper mechanical strength of such a composite for sealing walls. The proposed use of the composite can contribute to reducing the extreme housing shortage in our country, producing popular homes at low cost and with little time to work / Foi constru?do o Espa?o Ci?ncia utilizando um comp?sito constitu?do de gesso, EPS, pneu triturado, cimento e ?gua. Foram realizados estudos de resist?ncias t?rmica e mec?nica. No interior do molde foram colocadas placas de EPS com o intuito de se obter uma maior resist?ncia t?rmica nas paredes constru?das, como tamb?m dar-lhe um fim ecologicamente correto, tendo em vista que tanto o pneu quanto o EPS ocupam grande espa?o em aterros sanit?rios e necessitam de anos para serem degradados quando lan?ados ao meio ambiente. Foram realizados ensaios de compress?o segundo as normas da ABNT para blocos de veda??o, medi??es da varia??o de temperatura nas paredes externas e internas utilizando um term?metro a laser e verifica??o da temperatura do ambiente interno utilizando um termopar acoplado a um term?metro digital. Os experimentos t?rmicos demonstraram os valores proporcionados pelo comp?sito a partir da diferen?a de temperatura entre as superf?cies internas e externas nas paredes, alcan?ando n?veis de 12,4?C e temperatura ambiente no interior do espa?o ci?ncia, de 33,3 ?C ficando dentro da zona de conforto t?rmico para pa?ses de clima quente. Demonstrou-se tamb?m apropriada resist?ncia mec?nica de tal comp?sito para paredes de veda??o. A utiliza??o do comp?sito proposto pode contribuir para a diminui??o do extremo d?ficit habitacional do nosso pa?s, produzindo resid?ncias populares a baixo custo e com pequeno tempo de obra

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoCG_DISSERT_2010.pdf: 836774 bytes, checksum: 86ff894110e71c4fda4b7950daeb0674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Nowadays generation ethanol second, that t is obtained from fermentation of sugars of hydrolyses of cellulose, is gaining attention worldwide as a viable alternative to petroleum mainly for being a renewable resource. The increase of first generation ethanol production i.e. that obtained from sugar-cane molasses could lead to a reduction of lands sustainable for crops and food production. However, second generation ethanol needs technologic pathway for reduce the bottlenecks as production of enzymes to hydrolysis the cellulose to glucose i.e. the cellulases as well as the development of efficient biomass pretreatment and of low-cost. In this work Trichoderma reesei ATCC 2768 was cultivated under submerged fermentation to produce cellulases using as substrates waste of lignocellulosic material such as cashew apple bagasse as well as coconut bagasse with and without pretreatment. For pretreatment the bagasses were treated with 1 M NaOH and by explosion at high pressure. Enzyme production was carried out in shaker (temperature of 27?C, 150 rpm and initial medium pH of 4.8). Results showed that T.reesei ATCC 2768 showed the higher cellulase production when the cashew apple bagasse was treated with 1M NaOH (2.160 UI/mL of CMCase and 0.215 UI/mL of FPase), in which the conversion of cellulose, in terms of total reducing sugars, was of 98.38%, when compared to pretreatment by explosion at high pressure (0.853 UI/mL of CMCase and 0.172 UI/mL of Fpase) showing a conversion of 47.39% of total reducing sugars. Cellulase production is lower for the medium containing coconut bagasse treated with 1M NaOH (0.480 UI/mL of CMcase and 0.073 UI/mL of FPase), giving a conversion of 49.5% in terms of total reducing sugars. Cashew apple bagasse without pretreatment showed cellulase activities lower (0.535 UI/mL of CMCase and 0,152 UI/mL of FPase) then pretreated bagasse while the coconut bagasse without pretreatment did not show any enzymatic activity. Maximum cell concentration was obtained using cashew nut bagasse as well as coconut shell bagasse treated with 1M NaOH, with 2.92 g/L and 1.97 g/L, respectively. These were higher than for the experiments in which the substrates were treated by explosion at high pressure, 1.93 g/L and 1.17 g/L. Cashew apple is a potential inducer for cellulolytic enzymes synthysis showing better results than coconut bagasse. Pretreatment improves the process for the cellulolytic enzyme production / Recentemente o etanol de segunda gera??o, obtido da fermenta??o dos hidrolisados de celulose, vem despertando a aten??o mundial por ser uma alternativa vi?vel e ambientalmente correta ao petr?leo, uma vez que aumentar a produ??o de etanol a partir do mela?o da cana-de-a??car, o etanol de primeira gera??o, implicaria na utiliza??o de terras destinadas a produ??o de alimentos. Entretanto, o etanol de celulose exige rotas tecnol?gicas que ainda o tornam pouco competitivo, como a produ??o de enzimas que quebrem a celulose em glicose, as celulases, e a ado??o de um processo de pr?-tratamento eficiente e de baixo custo capaz de diminuir o grau de intera??o que existe nas fibras vegetais. No presente trabalho, Trichoderma reesei ATCC 2768 foi cultivada em meio submerso para produ??o de celulases utilizando como substratos res?duos lignocelul?sicos, baga?o do ped?nculo de caju e baga?o de coco, sem tratamento e tratados com NaOH 1M e por explos?o a alta press?o. Os experimentos de produ??o das enzimas foram realizados em meio submerso e conduzidos em incubador rotat?rio (temperatura de 27?C, velocidade de agita??o de 150 rpm e pH inicial do meio de 4,8). Os resultados mostraram que T. reesei ATCC 2768 apresentou maior produ??o de celulases em meio contendo baga?o do ped?nculo de caju tratado com NaOH 1M (2,160 UI/mL de CMCase e 0,215 UI/mL de FPase), onde o consumo de celulose em forma de a??cares redutores totais foi de 98,38%, quando comparado com o mesmo tratado por explos?o a alta press?o (0,853 UI/mL de CMCase e 0,172 UI/mL de Fpase), apresentando um consumo de 47,39% de ART s. Os resultados mostraram ainda que a produ??o de celulase ? menor em meio contendo baga?o de coco tratado com NaOH 1M (0,480 UI/mL de CMcase e 0,073 UI/mL de FPase), chegando-se a 49,5% de ART s consumidos. O baga?o do ped?nculo de caju sem tratamento apresentou uma atividade bem inferior (0,535 UI/mL de CMCase e 0,152 UI/mL de FPase) quando comparado aos baga?os com tratamento e o baga?o de coco n?o-tratado n?o apresentou atividade enzim?tica. A concentra??o m?xima de c?lulas foi maior quando se utilizou como substrato os baga?os do ped?nculo de caju e casca de coco tratados alcalinamente, 2,92 g/L e 1,97 g/L, respectivamente, do que aqueles tratados por explos?o a alta press?o, 1,93 g/L e 1,17 g/L. Conclui-se que o ped?nculo de caju ? um potencial indutor ? s?ntese de enzimas celulol?ticas, apresentando-se melhor que o baga?o de coco bem como o tratamento melhora bastante o processo de s?ntese das enzimas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YTCS_DISSERT.pdf: 5384825 bytes, checksum: aa8710a0ccd842fef87d4421af582dca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Only 32% of the population of Natal is attended by sewage, while the remaining population use pits and septic tanks. The characterization of the contents of septic tanks and pits contributes to the performance of such system and may guide the decision on treatment of these contents. The main of this research is to characterize the contents of interior residential pits and septic tanks in the greater Natal, with the following specific goals: to develop and manufacture a sampler capable of collecting a representative sample of the entire column (the surface scum, the clarified liquid and sludge bottom); to compare the contents of the tanks with the pits; to compare the contents of the septage from vacuum trucks; to relate the composition content with socioeconomic characteristics of households; to compare the content in both chambers of the septic tanks in series; to assess the situation of the content before and six months after the cleanness; and ultimately propose a pilot scale plant for treatment of septage. Once the sampler was developed, samples were collected within 14 septic tanks and 10 pits in many districts of Natal. Medians of the 24 systems were obtained: temperature, pH, conductivity, oil and grease, total solids, total suspended solids and sediments of 28.0 ?C, 6.95; 882 mS/cm, 75.2 mg/L; 10,169 mg/L, 6,509 mg/L and 175 mL/L respectively; 111.0 mgN/L for ammonia, 130.5 mgN/ L for organic nitrogen, 0.2 mgN/L for nitrite, 0.4 mg/L for nitrate; 8935 mgO2/L for COD, 29.2 mgP/L for total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms from 9.95 E +06 CFU/100mL helminth eggs and 9.2 eggs/L with a maximum concentration of 688 eggs/L and minimum of 0 eggs/L. Medians of organic nitrogen and TKN were significantly different between groups of tanks and pits. The systems with cleanness gap from 11 and 20 years presented the higher concentrations for most variables. The effluent from the toilets and bathrooms participate more effectively in contributing fractions of solids, alkalinity, nitrogen, COD, total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms and helminth eggs. The systems used by socioeconomics class with income from R$ 3,700.00 to R$ 7,600.00, presented higher concentrations for COD, nitrogen, solids and helminth eggs. The first of the two chambers had always presented higher concentrations over the second compartment. The analysis of variance for most variables, showed that the values of septic tanks, pits and septage from vacuum trucks belong to the same group. In the samples taken after cleanness, the median of pH and temperature increased, while alkalinity, COD, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia and helminth eggs decreased. The oils and greases and thermotolerant coliforms had slightly varied due to the continuous release of sewage into the systems that maintained their steady state concentrations. / Apenas 32% da popula??o de Natal ? coberta por rede coletora de esgotos, sendo as fossas e tanques s?pticos os mecanismos de disposi??o de esgotos comumente utilizados pelo restante da popula??o. A caracteriza??o do conte?do de fossas e tanques colabora para o conhecimento sobre o tratamento desses res?duos no pr?prio domic?lio, al?m de enriquecer as informa??es a respeito deste conte?do. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa ? caracterizar o conte?do do interior de fossas e tanques s?pticos residenciais da cidade de Natal, tendo como metas espec?ficas desenvolver e fabricar um amostrador capaz de coletar uma amostra representativa de toda a coluna dos tanques s?pticos e fossas, que contemple a escuma da superf?cie, o l?quido clarificado e o lodo presente no fundo; comparar o conte?do dos tanques com os das fossas; comparar o conte?do com os res?duos dos caminh?es limpa-fossa; avaliar a composi??o do conte?do e relacionar com as caracter?sticas s?cio-econ?micas dos domic?lios; comparar a qualidade do conte?do nas duas c?maras dos tanques s?pticos em s?rie; avaliar a situa??o do conte?do antes e decorridos seis meses ap?s o esgotamento e, por fim, propor uma esta??o, em escala piloto, para o tratamento dos res?duos gerados por tanques s?pticos e fossas. Com o amostrador desenvolvido foram coletadas amostras do interior de 14 tanques s?pticos e 10 fossas em bairros de Natal. O conte?do dos 24 sistemas obteve medianas para temperatura, pH, condutividade el?trica, ?leos e graxas, s?lidos totais, s?lidos suspensos totais e sediment?veis de 28,0?C; 6,95; 882 mS/cm; 75,2 mg/L; 10.169 mg/L; 6.509 mg/L e 175 mL/L respectivamente; 111,0 mgN/L para am?nia, 130,5 mgN/L para nitrog?nio org?nico, 0,2 mgN/L para nitrito, 0,4 mg/L para nitrato; 8.935 mgO2/L para DQO, 29,2 mgP/L para f?sforo total; coliformes termotolerantes de 9,95E+06 UFC/100mL e ovos de helmintos 9,2 ovos/L com concentra??o m?xima de 688 ovos/L e m?nima de 0 ovos/L. Houve diferen?a estat?stica significativa para nitrog?nio org?nico e NTK entre os grupos dos tanques e fossas. A classe com tempo de esgotamento entre 11 a 20 anos apresentou para a maioria das vari?veis concentra??es bem mais elevadas. O efluente oriundo dos banheiros e sanit?rios participou mais efetivamente na contribui??o das fra??es dos s?lidos, alcalinidade, fra??es nitrogenadas, DQO, f?sforo total, coliformes termotolerantes e ovos de helmintos. A classe com renda entre R$ 3.700,00 a R$ 7.600,00, apresentou maiores concentra??es para DQO, nitrog?nio, s?lidos e ovos de helmintos. A primeira c?mara dos tanques s?pticos de duas c?maras em s?rie apresentou conte?do mais concentrado em rela??o ao segundo compartimento. Nas an?lises de vari?ncia a maioria das vari?veis apontou que os valores de fossas, tanques s?pticos e res?duos de carros limpa-fossa pertencem ao mesmo grupo. Na amostragem ap?s o esgotamento, o pH e temperatura aumentaram suas medianas, enquanto que alcalinidade, DQO, nitrog?nio org?nico, f?sforo total, am?nia e ovos de helmintos diminu?ram. Os ?leos e graxas e coliformes termotolerantes variaram pouco devido ao lan?amento cont?nuo de esgoto dentro dos sistemas que mantinham suas concentra??es est?veis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DyegoFLL_DISSERT.pdf: 881519 bytes, checksum: c66e9bb97573ffc2fad7a7f017fb710e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study was conducted to evaluate the intake and digestibility of diets containing increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in sheep. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design were evaluated in four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) by product of cashew with four replicates, making up 16 observations. The indicator used was the Purified Lignin and Enriched - LIPE ?. The scorer was orally administered directly into the mouth of the animals, in the form of capsules 250mg/animal/dia for a period of two days and five days of adaptation samples being the same supplied with the aid of a hose polyethylene and a device allowing the release of the capsule in the esophagus of sheep. With the estimate made by the indicator LIPE was observed a reduction for DM, OM, CP, NDF, EE, NFC and MM along the inclusion of byproduct of cashew. The results of nutrient digestibility were not satisfactory with the inclusion of byproduct of cashew, reducing linearly with the inclusion of the diets. The use of increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in the diets of sheep did not provide satisfactory results, it is not feasible to use the animals studied in this experiment / Leite, Dyego Felipe de Lima. Consumo e digestibilidade aparente de dietas com n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. 35 f. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Produ??o Animal). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte UFRN. Maca?ba RN, 2013. O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. Os animais foram distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, onde foram avaliados quatro n?veis de inclus?o (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) do subproduto do caju com quatro repeti??es, perfazendo-se 16 observa??es. O indicador utilizado foi a Lignina Purificada e Enriquecida - LIPE?. O marcador foi administrado de forma oral diretamente na boca dos animais, no formato de c?psulas de 250mg/animal/dia por um per?odo de dois dias de adapta??o e cinco dias de coletas sendo o mesmo, fornecido com a ajuda de uma mangueira de polietileno e um dispositivo que permitisse o lan?amento da c?psula no es?fago dos ovinos. Com a estimativa feita pelo indicador LIPE foi observado uma redu??o nos consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDN, EE, CNF e MM ao longo da inclus?o do subproduto do caju. Os resultados de digestibilidade dos nutrientes n?o foram satisfat?rios com a inclus?o do subproduto do caju, reduzindo linearmente com a inclus?o deste nas dietas. O uso dos n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju nas dietas dos ovinos n?o apresentou resultados satisfat?rios, n?o sendo vi?vel o seu uso para os animais estudados neste experimento

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaMFML_DISSERT.pdf: 1734345 bytes, checksum: 97b04dab67fab0f09bca425cb163fe37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / The concern about preservation of the environment reaches different layers and sections of global society. The environmental prior quality of our planet can only be reached through changes in the attitudes taken in relation due to the waste generated by society, this also lead involving the education sector, in example of the Superior Education Institutions where the concept of ambiental management needs to gain a growing space.In the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, can be found the Universitary Restaurant as an example of a Food and Nutrition Unit, it is a restaurant destined to provide services to the academic comunity with the production and distribution of meals. In this operational context the work itself aims subsidies and funds to the search of as minimal generation of residues as possible, applying environmentally correct processes and practices. The work was developed in the period of September to October of 2009 in the Universitary Campus of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Universitary Restaurant of the referred institution. The project involved all the employees of the restaurant and used like method the action survey. The produced waste was characterized, arranged according with it s nature (organic or inorganic) classificated following the NBR ISO 14004, adapted by Kinasz (2004) that adjusts the Standards to the specific reality of Food and Nutrition Services being diagnosed an expressive amount of produced waste in the Universitary Restaurant, it can be assured that a culture of wasting is very present and exists, contributing to the rise of solid residues, damaging the environment and consequently reflecting in the costs and expenses of the Unity, a known fact that characterizes and justifies the need of a promoting and active action that leads to positive reflexes in the economic and environmental area, drafting a Plan for Integrate Management of Solid Residues on the Universitary Restaurant of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte / A preocupa??o com a conserva??o do meio ambiente atinge diferentes camadas e setores da sociedade mundial. A qualidade do meio ambiente de nosso planeta s? poder? ser alcan?ada atrav?s de mudan?as nas atitudes tomadas em rela??o aos res?duos gerados pela sociedade, isto tamb?m acaba por envolver o setor da educa??o, a exemplo das institui??es de Ensino Superior onde o conceito de gest?o ambiental necessita ganhar um espa?o crescente. Na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, encontra-se o Restaurante Universit?rio, que a exemplo de uma Unidade de alimenta??o e Nutri??o, ? um restaurante destinado a prestar servi?os ? comunidade acad?mica com a produ??o e distribui??o de refei??es. Neste contexto operacional o trabalho objetiva subs?dios para ? busca da gera??o m?nima poss?vel de res?duos, aplicando pr?ticas e processos ambientalmente corretos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no per?odo de setembro de 2009 a outubro de 2009 no Campus Universit?rio da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, no Restaurante Universit?rio da referida institui??o. O projeto envolveu todos os funcion?rios do restaurante e utilizou como m?todo a pesquisa a??o. Caracterizaram-se os res?duos produzidos, dispostos de acordo com sua natureza (org?nica ou inorg?nica) segundo classifica??o da NBR ISO 14004, adaptada por Kinasz (2004) que ajusta ?s normas ? realidade espec?fica dos Servi?os de Alimenta??o e Nutri??o. Sendo diagnosticado um expressivo volume de res?duos produzidos no Restaurante Universit?rio, pode-se afirmar que existe uma cultura de desperd?cio, contribuindo para o aumento de gera??o de res?duos s?lidos, prejudicando o meio ambiente e refletindo consequentemente nos custos e gastos da Unidade, fato este que caracteriza e justifica a necessidade de promoverem-se a??es que resultem na redu??o da produ??o deste res?duo, seu manejo e destina??o adequada, com reflexos positivos na ?rea econ?mica e ambiental, elaborando um Plano de Gerenciamento Integrado de Res?duos S?lidos no Restaurante Universit?rio da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T12:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FOELKEL PATR?O.pdf: 2622317 bytes, checksum: de2ea76630e0237198e69a0f53eb7b6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T12:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO FOELKEL PATR?O.pdf: 2622317 bytes, checksum: de2ea76630e0237198e69a0f53eb7b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / With the increase in the population of Brazilian cities and the irregular disposal of solid urban waste, it was necessary to create guidelines for the implementation of a solid waste management in the municipalities. Thus, Federal Law 12,305 / 2010, which established guidelines and showed ways for a responsible management of urban solid waste, was introduced. Linked to this, there is also a quest to make renewable energies and alternative sources of fuel viable, such as biogas generated through municipal solid waste. There is a promising market for new waste treatment technologies, as well as an increase in the search for greater knowledge of this new market that starts in the country, by public and private managers, in order to consolidate and nationalize techniques developed in other continents. In this work, the possibility of electric power generation using the biogas generated by solid urban waste in the city of Jundia?-SP and an economic analysis of the whole system will be discussed. The methodology to be used is the agreement between the City of Jundia? and the German government, with the author's adaptations, taking into account the standard DIN 38414-8 (1985-06). The results show a good potential for the generation of biogas, showing a revenue of one hundred sixty-eight million, two hundred and ninety-five thousand, two hundred and ninety-five reais and seventy-six cents (R $ 168,295,295.76) per year for the city of Jundia?. / Com o aumento da popula??o das cidades brasileiras e o despejo irregular dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos, houve a necessidade da cria??o de diretrizes para a implanta??o de uma gest?o de res?duos s?lidos nos munic?pios. Assim, surgiu a Lei Federal 12.305/2010, que estabeleceu diretriz e mostrou caminhos para uma gest?o respons?vel dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos. Atrelado a isso, h? tamb?m uma busca por tornar vi?veis energias renov?veis e fontes alternativas de combust?veis, como, por exemplo, o biog?s gerado atrav?s dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos. Vislumbra-se um mercado promissor para novas tecnologias de tratamento de res?duos, bem como um aumento na busca por maior conhecimento desse novo mercado que se inicia no pa?s, por parte dos gestores p?blicos e privados, a fim de consolidar e nacionalizar t?cnicas desenvolvidas em outros continentes. Neste trabalho, ser? abordada a possibilidade de gera??o de energia el?trica utilizando o biog?s gerado pelos res?duos s?lidos urbanos da cidade de Jundia?-SP e uma an?lise econ?mica de todo o sistema. A metodologia a ser empregada consta do conv?nio firmado entre a Prefeitura de Jundia? e o governo Alem?o, com adapta??es do autor, levando em conta a norma DIN 38414-8 (1985-06). Os resultados obtidos permitem vislumbrar um bom potencial para a gera??o de biog?s, mostrando uma renda de R$168.295.295,76 (cento e sessenta e oito milh?es, duzentos e noventa e cinco mil, duzentos e noventa e cinco reais e setenta e seis centavos) por ano para a cidade de Jundia?.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LILIANE ALVES BENATTI.pdf: 9103577 bytes, checksum: 7896dfbd619623aa555a4f6ee28c77a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / To contribute to discussions involving the solving of urban environmental problems, the thesis assumes that certain approaches, by themselves suffice to situational analyzes, are powerless to deal with the structural nature of the lining. In the Brazilian case, and with regard to territorial public policies, such as urban planning and urban and regional planning,discussions generally restricted to the field of administrative law, predominantly instrumental in character, whose effects invariably limited to specific actions, topical and devoid of virtue to reach the root causes of urban issue. And more. They reappear with the contemporary environmental crisis. Another factor that affects decisively reflection and proposition urban instruments developed with a view to solving the urban problems is the application of the concept applied to management of public affairs. Originally conceived in the context of organizations, employment management, to migrate to public administration, reduces the understanding of the political dimension to the city's plan merely negotiated territorial management. This also proves insufficient, which will be addressed through a particularly significant that relates environmental and urban issues: the National Policy on Solid Waste. / Visando contribuir nos debates que envolvem o equacionamento da problem?tica urbanoambiental, a disserta??o parte do pressuposto de que certas abordagens, por se bastarem ?s an?lises conjunturais, s?o impotentes para lidar com a natureza estrutural que as revestem. No caso brasileiro, e no que diz respeito ?s pol?ticas p?blicas territoriais, como o urbanismo e o planejamento urbano e regional, as discuss?es geralmente restringem-se ao campo do direito administrativo, de car?ter predominantemente instrumental, cujos efeitos invariavelmente limitam-se ?s a??es pontuais, t?picas e desprovidas da virtude de atingir as causas origin?rias da quest?o urbana. E mais. Elas recrudescem com a crise ambiental contempor?nea. Outro fator que compromete, decisivamente, a reflex?o e a proposi??o de instrumentos urban?sticos desenvolvidos, com vistas ao equacionamento da problem?tica urbana, ? a aplica??o da no??o de gest?o aplicada ? coisa p?blica. Originariamente concebida no contexto das organiza??es, o emprego da gest?o, ao migrar para a administra??o p?blica, reduz o entendimento da dimens?o pol?tica da cidade ao plano meramente negociado de gest?o territorial. Isso tamb?m se mostra insuficiente, o que ser? abordado por meio de um caso particularmente significativo que relaciona quest?es urbanas e ambientais: a Pol?tica Nacional de Res?duos S?lidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaLGTG_DISSERT.pdf: 1089367 bytes, checksum: 609e87bdb725efa9036011a16b93df31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / The reality points to the global environmental sustainability as the only viable option for addressing the crisis at hand. The move towards sustainability calls for the generation / evaluation systems in their direction, through the incorporation of environmental requirements and in line with the National Policy on Solid Waste. Therefore, the proposed research supports the importance of social and environmental vision, complementing the technical view, the system for management of solid waste from East London, which is a municipality that has a system whose inadequacies are configured in environmental risk and health. Therefore, by observing, applying the model of sustainability indicators and content analysis of interviews, this research proposes to investigate the principles of sustainability and social participation are presented and what is the perception of risk about the inadequacies in the system. The results confirmed the hypotheses of the study and draw a picture of worrying data, such as very unfavorable indicators of sustainability, lack of channels of participation, uncommitted investments with the management system, devaluation of the collector of waste and differing perceptions about the risk by making actors act in isolation. This worrying situation is eased by the appearance of a series of elements are configured as opportunities for the integration of environmental principles in the system. And despite the inability of managers to participate in the research system, yet it behaves as an opportunity to implement public policies in the area of solid waste such as: the preparation of the municipal waste, the institutionalization of selective collection and organization of cooperative with the support of companies present in the city and educational institutions as the Federal Institute. The research is an opportunity for the implementation of policies in the area of solid waste and will collaborate with the building instruments for the quality of life of residents, for the socioeconomic conditions of collectors and the move towards a sustainable society / A realidade ambiental global aponta o desenvolvimento sustent?vel como ?nica op??o vi?vel para o enfrentamento da crise que se apresenta. O caminhar para a sustentabilidade requer a constitui??o/avalia??o de sistemas em sua dire??o, por meio da incorpora??o de preceitos ambientais e em conson?ncia com a Pol?tica Nacional de res?duos S?lidos. Por isso, a pesquisa proposta defende a import?ncia da vis?o socioambiental, complementando o olhar t?cnico, para o sistema de gest?o de res?duos s?lidos de Jo?o C?mara, que consiste num munic?pio que apresenta um sistema cujas inadequa??es se configuram em risco ambiental e a sa?de. Portanto, por meio da observa??o, aplica??o do modelo de indicadores de sustentabilidade e an?lise de conte?do de entrevistas, esta pesquisa prop?s averiguar como os princ?pios da participa??o social e da sustentabilidade se apresentam e qual ? a percep??o de risco sobre as inadequa??es neste sistema. Os resultados confirmaram as hip?teses da pesquisa e desenham um quadro de preocupantes dados, tais como: indicadores muito desfavor?veis a sustentabilidade, inexist?ncia de canais de participa??o; descomprometimento da gest?o com investimentos no sistema; desvaloriza??o do catador de res?duos e percep??es divergentes sobre o risco fazendo os atores agirem de formas isoladas. Esse quadro preocupante ? amenizado pelo aparecimento de uma s?rie de elementos que se configuram como oportunidades para a inser??o dos princ?pios ambientais no sistema. E apesar da impossibilidade de participa??o dos gestores do sistema na pesquisa, ainda assim, ela se porta como oportunidade ? implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas na ?rea de res?duos s?lidos tais como: a elabora??o do plano municipal de res?duos, a institucionaliza??o da coleta seletiva e a organiza??o de cooperativa com o apoio das empresas presentes no munic?pio e das institui??es de ensino como o Instituto Federal. A pesquisa ? uma oportunidade para a implementa??o de pol?ticas na ?rea de res?duos s?lidos e colaborar? com a constru??o de instrumentos para a qualidade de vida dos moradores, para a inser??o socioecon?mica dos catadores e para o caminhar rumo a uma sociedade sustent?vel

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SheylaKJM_DISSERT.pdf: 2022444 bytes, checksum: 199284d45ddc8db628d0e2f45da9a7e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present work is to study the characteristics and technological properties of soil-cement bricks made from binary and ternary mixtures of Portland cement, sand, water, with or without addition of gravel from the drilling of oil wells, which could be used by industry, aiming to improve its performance and reduce cost by using the residue and, consequently, increasing its useful life. The soil-cement bricks are one of the alternatives to masonry construction. These elements, after a short curing period, provide compressive strength similar to that of solid bricks and ceramic blocks, and the higher the resistance the higher the amount of cement used. We used the soil from the city of S?o Jos? do Mipibu / RN, the banks of the River Baldun, cement CPIIZ-32 and residue of drill cuttings from oil wells drilling onshore wells in the town of Mossley, RN, provided Petrobras. To determine the optimum mix, we studied the inclusion of different residues (100%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%) where 15 bodies were made of the test piece. The assessment was made of bricks made from simple compression tests, mass loss by immersion and water absorption. The experimental results proved the efficiency and high utilization of the waste from the drilling of oil wells, making the brick-cement-soil residue with a higher strength and lower water absorption. The best result in terms of mechanical strength and water absorption for the ternary mixture was 10% soil, 14% cement and 80% residue. In terms of binary mixtures, we obtained the best result for the mix-cement residue, which was 14% cement incorporated in the residue / O presente trabalho consiste no estudo das caracter?sticas e propriedades tecnol?gicas de tijolos solo-cimento formulados a partir de misturas bin?rias e tern?rias de cimento Portland, areia, ?gua, com e sem adi??o de cascalho proveniente da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, que poder?o ser utilizados pela ind?stria, com o objetivo de melhorar seu desempenho e diminuir seu custo utilizando o res?duo e, conseq?entemente, aumentando sua vida ?til. Os tijolos de solo-cimento constituem uma das alternativas para a constru??o em alvenaria. Esses elementos, ap?s pequeno per?odo de cura, garantem resist?ncia ? compress?o simples similar ? dos tijolos maci?os e blocos cer?micos, sendo a resist?ncia tanto mais elevada quanto maior for ? quantidade de cimento empregada. Foi utilizado o solo proveniente do Munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Mipib?/RN, as margens do Rio Baldun, cimento CPIIZ-32 e res?duo de cascalho de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo proveniente da perfura??o de po?os Onshore, no munic?pio de Mossor?/RN, fornecido pela Petrobras. Para a determina??o da mistura ?tima, estudou-se a inclus?o de teores de res?duos diferenciados (100%; 80%; 70%; 60% e 50%) onde foram confeccionados 15 corpos-de-prova. A avalia??o dos tijolos confeccionados foi feita a partir de ensaios de compress?o simples, perda de massa por imers?o e absor??o de ?gua. Os resultados experimentais comprovaram a efici?ncia e o elevado potencial de utiliza??o do res?duo proveniente da perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo, tornando o tijolo de solo-cimento-res?duo com uma maior resist?ncia mec?nica e menor absor??o de ?gua. O melhor resultado, em termos de resist?ncia mec?nica e absor??o d ?gua, para a mistura tern?ria, foi de 10% de solo, 14% de cimento e 80% de res?duo. Em termos de misturas bin?rias, obteve-se o melhor resultado para a combina??o cimento-res?duo, que foi de 14% de cimento incorporado no res?duo