The aim of this study is to describe the influence of modern technologies on interpreting and interpreter training. It focuses on the content of a good interpreting course and summarizes the main features of remote interpreting, telephone interpreting, videoconference interpreting and interpreting over the internet. It contains an overview of eLearning tools used in interpreter training with the last chapter dedicated to a brand new tool - the ORCIT project. The main outcomes of this work are recommendations for project partners regarding functionality and efficiency of this educational platform.

La ludification des environnements d’apprentissage humain est une approche de plus en plus utilisée pour répondre au manque de motivation des apprenants. Or, plusieurs résultats de recherche montrent que les apprenants ont des sensibilités différentes face aux mécaniques de jeu qui leur sont proposées. Nos travaux de thèse partent du constat que les systèmes de ludification actuels ne prennent pas en compte la diversité des préférences individuelles. Nous proposons de traiter la problématique de l’adaptation des éléments ludiques aux profils des apprenants suivant leurs caractéristiques en tant que joueurs. Nous nous inspirons d’approches existantes dans le domaine des jeux afin de proposer un modèle générique permettant d’adapter les fonctionnalités ludiques selon les profils de joueur des apprenants. Nos contributions théoriques s’articulent autour de deux grands axes. Premièrement, nous proposons de concevoir les fonctionnalités ludiques comme des épiphytes, des systèmes distincts de l’environnement d’apprentissage qui peuvent être activés indépendamment pour chaque utilisateur. Nous avons construit un framework décrivant ce qu’est une Fonctionnalité Épiphyte Ludique (FEL) adaptative. Il est accompagné d’un guide de conception de fonctionnalités à destination des concepteurs de systèmes ludifiés. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un processus d’adaptation dynamique qui fonctionne suivant deux opérations : la sélection des fonctionnalités d’après le profil de joueur et l’évolution du profil de joueur d’après ses interactions avec les fonctionnalités ludiques. Ces opérations sont basées sur un modèle formalisant les liens entre les fonctionnalités ludiques et les types de joueurs des profils. Nous avons implanté les modèles proposés dans un environnement en ligne d’apprentissage de l’orthographe appelé Projet Voltaire. Selon une approche itérative, nous avons organisé trois expérimentations pour évaluer le système proposé. La première a permis de valider l’implémentation du modèle d’adaptation et du modèle de Fonctionnalité Épiphyte Ludique auprès d’un public de collégiens. Les deux expérimentations suivantes se sont déroulées auprès d’un public adulte avec respectivement 67 et 266 participants. Elles étaient centrées sur l’évaluation du modèle d’adaptation et de son impact sur la motivation des apprenants. Elles ont d’une part montré que le modèle d’adaptation peut s’appuyer sur un jugement d’experts pour faire le lien entre les fonctionnalités et les types de joueurs supportés. D’autre part, les résultats ont validé le fait que proposer aux apprenants des fonctionnalités adaptées à leur profil a un impact positif significatif sur leur motivation et sur leur temps d’utilisation de l’environnement d’apprentissage. / Gamification of learning environments is becoming a widely used approach to address the lack of learner motivation. However, several research results show that learners have different sensitivities to the proposed game mechanics. In our thesis work, we state that the current gamification systems do not take into account the diversity of individual preferences. We propose to address the issue of the adaptation of playful elements to the learners’ profiles according to their characteristics as players. We base our work on existing approaches in the gaming area in order to provide a generic model for the adaptation of gaming features according to the player profile of the learners. Our theoretical contributions are structured around two main axes. Firstly, we propose to design fun features like epiphytes, systems that are distinct from the learning environment and can be activated independently for each user. We built a framework describing what an Epiphytic Gaming Feature (EGF) is. It comes with a gaming features design guide to help the designers of gamification systems. Secondly, we propose a dynamic adaptation process that works in two steps: the selection of gaming features based on the player profile, and the updating of the player profile according to the user’s interactions with the gaming features. These operations are based on a model that formalizes the links between gaming features and player types. We implemented the proposed models in an online learning environment of French spelling called Projet Voltaire. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the proposed system, according to an iterative process. The first experiment was used to validate the implementation of the adaptation model and the Epiphytic Gaming Feature with an audience of middle school students. The following two experiments were conducted with a public of adults, with 67 and 266 participants respectively. They were focused on the evaluation of the adaptation model and its impact on learner motivation. They showed that the adaptation model can be based on expert judgements to make the link between gaming features and player types. Moreover, the results confirmed that providing the learners with gaming features that are adapted to their player profile has a significant positive impact on their motivation and their usage time of the learning environment.

This essay is about children’s voices and their reflection in what causes them Wellbeing duringschool. The aim is also to clarify children’s reflections when they learned something difficult and how they are experiencing support. The theoretical foundation is based on Antonovsky KASAM theory and Scheffs theory with the processing and interpretation toward hermeneutics perspective. This essay is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The empirical foundation is based on interviews with 7 children in preschool and 6 children from kindergarten. The resultat shows that being with friends and participations with other pupils are important for young children’s prosperous and wellbeing. Result also shows that mathematics and science are subject which pupils found difficulty and leaned on friends for help. Majority of children experience that their teacher listened and were there to help when they needed support.The conclusion is that health-promoting factors from children’s perspective is showing us that feeling safe and being able to participate with other friends promote wellbeing for children.Children who didn´t have any friends or stable friendship also didn´t like school. This study shows that liking school has a connection with meaningful friendship and a feeling off belonging.

The aim of this study was to examine what methods Swedish teachers of English use to give feedback on students’ written production and what factors influence them to choose these methods. An additional aim was to find out what teachers’ experiences are of digitalization in relation to feedback on students’ written production. Five semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with five certified English teachers who were currently active in upper secondary school. The results showed that the teachers used different methods when giving feedback on students’ written productions. Nonetheless, all of them mostly use formative feedback in the form of written comments. Four out of five respondents let their students submit texts through digital tools, Itslearning or DigiExam, but then printed them and handed them back with handwritten feedback of different sorts. One respondent gave all feedback electronically. When the teachers chose their methods, the most influential factors were available time, lacking student engagement and the fact that the school management team chose which digital tools that should be used. The fact that no teachers were involved in the decision about which digital tools should be used severely limits teacher autonomy and may be the reason why at least two of my respondents did not want to use these tools, which in their experience do not meet their feedback needs. / Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka vilka metoder engelskalärare använder när de ger återkoppling på elevers skriftliga arbeten och vilka faktorer som påverkar deras val. Vidare var även syftet att undersöka vilka erfarenheter lärare har av digitalisering i förhållande till återkoppling. Fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer hölls med fem aktiva, legitimerade gymnasielärare som undervisar i engelska. Resultatet visade att lärarna använder olika metoder när de ger återkoppling, men det finns vissa gemensamma nämnare. Alla ägnar sig huvudsakligen åt formativ återkoppling som utav fyra av fem respondenter ges skriftligt. Fyra av fem respondenter låter elever skicka in texter genom Itslearning eller DigiExam, men printar därefter ut texterna och ger tillbaka dem med handskrivna kommentarer. En respondent ger all feedback elektroniskt. De faktorer som påverkar lärarnas metodval mest var tidsbrist, upplevelsen av bristande engagemang hos eleverna samt att beslutet om vilka digitala verktyg som ska användas har tagits av rektorer och ledningsgrupp. Faktumet att beslutet togs utan att involvera lärare påverkar och limiterar lärarnas frihet att göra sitt jobb, vilket kan vara en förklaring till flera respondenters negativa inställning till de digitala verktygen. Två respondenter vill inte använda de digitala verktygen som ledningsgruppen implementerat eftersom de anser att verktygen inte passar deras föredragna återkopplingsmetod.

The aim of the present study is to examine how schools organize the work with and for pupils with language disorder.  Further, it aims to find which role the Special Educational Needs Coordinator (SENCO) and principal, respectively may have in the work with the pupils and give an insight into what knowledge about Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) personnel in schools have. The background of the study is that knowledge about DLD begins to diffuse at schools in Sweden today, but there is still a great deal of ignorance about what the diagnosis entails and how to work inclusive with these students in the classroom. The study was conducted with a qualitative method, semi-structured interviews with six special needs coordinators and five principals. The theoretical framework consist of Etienne Wenger’s Social theory of learning and the analysis was performed through a thematic content analysis. The results of the study indicate that none of the schools in the study have a particular organization for pupils with DLD. Half of the informants argue that they would like increased collaboration with speech therapists. The collaboration with guardians is another area that needs to improve in the schools. Enterprise in relation to engagement is most prominent in the schools, according to the analysis based on Wenger’s social theory of learning. All informants recognize gaps of knowledge regarding the definition of DLD, and how to work with pupils with the disability. Further education on the subject was requested by all informants.

A utilização de tecnologias digitais é característica expressiva da sociedade atual, facilitando a realização de atividades cotidianas e possibilitando o acesso à informação e à comunicação de forma interativa, colaborativa e instrutiva nos mais diversos contextos sociais (LÉVY, 1993;1999; KENSKI, 2003; 2007). Considerando seu potencial para o desenvolvimento do ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras (LANCIEN, 2004; MANGENOT; LOUVEAU, 2006; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; MAYRINK, 2013; BRAGA, 2013; PIETRARÓIRA, 2013) e a urgência de colocar em prática inovações metodológicas para acompanhar as necessidades sociais e cognitivas dos nativos digitais (PRENSKY, 2010; CASTELLS, 2011), esta pesquisa foi realizada em um Centro de Estudo de Línguas do Estado de São Paulo (CEL) com o uso de tecnologias como instrumentos mediadores para a aprendizagem do francês língua estrangeira (VYGOTSKY, 1934), tendo como característica específica, a extensão da sala presencial a um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Desse modo, este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar como as tecnologias digitais podem auxiliar na realização de tarefas comunicativas na língua estrangeira (PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009) que levem o aluno a ser um aprendiz ativo (BACICH; MORAN, 2018; VALENTE, 2017) em seu processo de aprendizagem em contextos híbridos (BACICH; TANZI-NETO; TREVISANI, 2015), na era da Sociedade da Informação (COLL; MONEREO, 2010). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa-interpretativista e foi desenvolvida aos moldes da pesquisa-ação junto a adolescentes do curso de francês do CEL e as tarefas propostas foram desenvolvidas e compartilhadas através da realização do projeto coletivo RADIO/MAG 6èmeA: a criação de uma rádio/revista virtual, em sala de aula presencial e no ambiente virtual no Evernote. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as tecnologias digitais mediadas pelo professor e associadas à realização de tarefas autênticas de comunicação na língua estrangeira, em contexto presencial e virtual, ampliam os espaços de aprendizagem por possibilitarem a interatividade com a informação e interações com os pares, características que favorecem o desenvolvimento de uma postura ativa do aprendiz potencializando sua aprendizagem e sua transformação como sujeito na sociedade atual (FREIRE, 1996). / The use of digital technologies is a significant feature of todays society, making it easier for people to do everyday tasks and allowing access to information and communication in an interactive, collaborative and instructive way in various social contexts (LÉVY, 1993;1999; KENSKI, 2003; 2007). By taking into account their potential in the development of the teaching and learning of foreign languages (LANCIEN, 2004; MANGENOT; LOUVEAU, 2006; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; MAYRINK, 2013; BRAGA, 2013; PIETRARÓIRA, 2013) as well as the urgency to put into practice methodological innovations to cater to the social and cognitive needs of digital natives (PRENSKY, 2010; CASTELLS, 2011), our study was carried out in a Language Study Center (CEL) located in São Paulo with the technologies as mediating tools in the learning of French as a foreign language (VYGOTSKY, 1934) and having as its distinctive feature the virtual learning environment as an extension of in-person classes. The aim of this study is to analyze how digital technologies can help students perform communicative tasks in the foreign language (PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), which may turn them into active learners (BACICH; MORAN, 2018; VALENTE, 2017) in their learning process in hybrid contexts (BACICH; TANZI-NETO; TREVISANI, 2015) in the age of Information Society (COLL; MONEREO, 2010). We have conducted a qualitative-interpretive research, which was based on action research carried out with teenagers taking the French course at CEL. The suggested tasks were developed and shared in a group project entitled RADIO/MAG 6èmeA: the making of a virtual radio/ magazine, both in the classroom and in the virtual learning environment in Evernote. The results of our study have shown that digital technologies mediated by the teacher and associated with the completion of authentic communicative tasks in the foreign language, both in person and virtually, broaden the learning spaces since they allow interactivity with the information and interactions with peers. These features foster an active attitude of the learner by boosting their learning and promoting their transformation into subjects in todays society (FREIRE, 1996).

Este trabalho refere-se à utilização de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) em um curso presencial de Biologia com alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. O estudo foi desenvolvido com três turmas distintas nos anos de 2008, 2009 e 2010, em escola particular de São Paulo. O estudo teve por objetivo testar a hipótese de que os estudantes desse contexto buscaram no AVA principalmente um repositório de materiais. Era objetivo, também, verificar a possibilidade de estabelecer interações efetivas através de participação em fóruns. Pelas características metodológicas, o trabalho se enquadrou na categoria de pesquisa-ação. Para seu desenvolvimento utilizaram-se, como fontes de informações, os dados de acessos do AVA, questionários de avaliação do ambiente postados pelos alunos e entrevistas. Para a análise da interação, utilizou-se uma adaptação do modelo de Henri (HENRI apud MCKENZIE e MURPHY, 2000). As análises feitas corroboraram a hipótese inicial de que os alunos buscam no ambiente principalmente os materiais pedagógicos. No tocante à utilização dos fóruns, poucos apresentaram uma interação efetiva, tendo sido testadas algumas possibilidades de atuação pedagógica para favorecer essa interação. São discutidos os fatores que respondem pela baixa adesão aos fóruns. Finalizando a dissertação, são comentadas algumas perspectivas decorrentes do trabalho. / This work refers to the use of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) for a biology course in attendance for senior high school students. This study was developed with three different groups in the years of 2008, 2009 and 2010, at a private school in São Paulo, Brazil. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that students within this context specially used the VLE as a source of studying documents. Another objective was to verify the possibilities of establishing effective interactions through forum participation This study can be classified as an action research due to its methodological characteristics. The sources of information were VLE log data, students evaluation questionnaires and interviews. For interaction analysis, a Henri models adaptation was used (HENRI apud MCKENZIE and MURPHY, 2000). The results endorse the initial hypothesis the students look for studying sources at the virtual environment. In relation to forum use, few students demonstrate effective interaction and some possible teacher mediations that could enrich this interaction were tested. The elements that are related to low forum participation are discussed. Some perspectives driven from this study are brought at the end of the work.

Orientador: José Carlos Rossi / Banca: Luis Carlos Origa de Oliveira / Banca: Marco Aparecido Queiroz Duarte / Resumo: O Ensino a Distância (EAD) recebeu notável impulso a partir da aplicação de novas tecnologias, notadamente aquelas que envolvem a rede Internet. O uso das tecnologias digitais permitiu que a comunicação, o armazenamento, a distribuição e a apresentação dos conteúdos, fundamentais para o processo educativo, fossem realizados de modo mais eficiente. Entretanto pode-se aplicá-lo como um projeto piloto auxiliando as aulas presenciais. Ensina-se e aprende-se à distância, mas a verificação do saber é válida somente se realizada de modo presencial. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, tendo como objetivo criar um ambiente de ensino amigável, o qual possibilitará, entre outros, uma melhoria no conteúdo e na qualidade do mesmo, um relacionamento interativo entre alunos e professor e, uma ferramenta auxiliar as aulas presenciais. Para tal, foram desenvolvidas tecnologias para um sistema distribuído de ensino, tentando reviver o ambiente da sala de aula, mas assumindo as restrições impostas pela distância física e falta de recursos. É abordada também a manutenção do sistema por parte da equipe desenvolvedora, onde se utilizam os padrões de desenvolvimento Web e também o uso de software livre. Dessa forma, torna-se instrumento valioso para mensuração de conhecimentos. O texto apresenta ainda uma arquitetura computacional do modelo proposto, utilizando sistemas de código livre para sua implementação. / Abstract: Distance Learning (Ensino à Distância/EAD) received notable impulse from the application by new technologies, especially those involve InterNet network. The use of the digital technologies allowed that the communication, the storage, the distribution and the presentation of the basic contents for the educative process were applied in a more efficient way. However it can be applied as a pilot project assisting the presence classes. Teaching and learning occur at distance, but the verification of knowledge is only valid if realized in a presence way. This work presents the development of a Virtual Environment of Learning, having as objective to create an environment of friendly education, which will make possible, among others, an improvement in its content and quality, an interactive relationship between students and teacher and an auxiliary tool in presence classes. Therefore, technologies for a distributed system of education have been developed, trying to rescue classroom environment, but assuming the restrictions provoked by physical distance and lack os resources. This work treats about system maintenance by the team developers where they use the standard Web development and the use of free software. By this way, it becomes a valuable instrument for knowledge measuring. The text still presents a computational architecture of the purposed model, using systems of free code for its implementation. / Mestre

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T12:20:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELVIA NUNES RIBEIRO.pdf: 12426525 bytes, checksum: d4499bc7cc8a0340d5075c19261a8f7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T12:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELVIA NUNES RIBEIRO.pdf: 12426525 bytes, checksum: d4499bc7cc8a0340d5075c19261a8f7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / This research applies to the social network analysis metrics (SNA), information visualization (VI) and correlation analysis for development of diagnostics of the distance learning on social networks that occur in the virtual learning environment (AVA). The data were extracted directly from the database of the AVA, e-Proinfo. The use of R software version 3.3.1 was chosen for the implementation of the necessary scripts in this research. The R software proved to be a suitable and versatile choice for applications in networks, contemplating the options generally available in SNA specific tools and resources for handling, processing and implementation of new network solutions. The analysis of forum networks identified the intensity of individual and class participation. Non-parametric analysis applied found a high positive correlation between the grade of the student and his contributions to the forum, especially the centrality of output. The correlations of Spearman and Kendall were 0.7921 and 0.6261 respectively. The analysis of social networks, messaging and note tools and the establishment of contacts among the participants turned possible the identification of the level of their involvement in the course. This research contributes to knowledge management by highlighting social networks formed by communications data and course interactions. Access to social networks of a distance course enables the Manager to monitor the level of participation, exchanges of information and the construction of knowledge. This information is useful for the decision-making and can collaborate for educational development. / Esta pesquisa aplica as métricas de análise de redes sociais (ARS), visualização de informações (VI) e análise de correlação para realização de diagnósticos de um curso a distância, nas redes sociais que ocorrem no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA). Os dados foram extraídos diretamente do banco de dados do AVA, e-Proinfo. Optou-se pelo uso do software R, versão 3.3.1, para a implementação dos scripts necessários nesta pesquisa. O software R mostrou ser uma escolha adequada e versátil para aplicações em redes, contemplando as opções geralmente disponíveis nas ferramentas específicas de ARS e recursos para manipulação, tratamento e implementação de novas soluções de redes. As análises das redes de fórum permitiram identificar a intensidade das participações individuais e das turmas. As análises não paramétricas aplicadas constataram uma alta correlação positiva entre a nota do aluno e suas contribuições no fórum, principalmente, a centralidade de saída. As correlações de Spearman e Kendal foram de 0,7921 e 0,6261 respectivamente. As análises das redes sociais, das ferramentas de mensagem e de recados e o estabelecimento de contatos entre os participantes permitiram identificar o nível de envolvimento destes no curso. Esta pesquisa contribui com a gestão de conhecimento por evidenciar as redes sociais formadas pelos dados de comunicações e de interações do curso. O acesso às redes sociais de um curso a distância possibilita ao gestor acompanhar o nível de participação, as trocas de informações e a construção de conhecimento. Estas informações são úteis para as tomadas de decisões e podem colaborar para o desenvolvimento educacional.

This thesis deals with teaching mathematics - schema oriented education in outdoor environment. It seeks advantages of outdoor education and tries to apply them fully in an innovative way of teaching mathematics for primary schools. It connects the innovative methods of teaching mathematics with our nature, in a peaceful and natural way. Nature is not just an expanded space for learning but it is the means of achieving more effective learning. The thesis informs the reader about the history of outdoor education and it enables deeper understanding of nature's potential and its role in education. It takes advantage of Czech and foreign resources on the matter. The thesis wants to enlighten mathematics students and teachers about the positives of outdoor education by providing a collection of ideas, including their real-life realization and their self- reflection, in the form of prepared mathematics outdoor education material. KEYWORDS Substantial Learning Environment, Schema-oriented Education, Outdoor Education, Outdoor Mathematics