Det här är en kvalitativ studie med syfte att undersöka förskollärares uppfattning om hur de gör alla och varje barn delaktiga genom arbete med estetiska lärprocesser, vilket tog sin utgångspunkt i att vi såg att förskollärares perspektiv på hur arbetet genom estetiska lärprocesser gör barn delaktiga och inkluderade inte framkom tydligt i forskning. Eftersom vårt syfte har varit att lyfta förskollärares positiva aspekter av inkluderingsarbete genom estetiska lärprocesser har det under arbetets gång varit utmanande att synliggöra kritiska perspektiv kring forskning och det fenomen vi undersökt. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är systemteori och relationell pedagogik. Empirin samlades in genom nio digitala intervjuer med legitimerade förskollärare och analyserades utifrån en induktiv tematisk ansats.Studiens resultat visar på att pedagogers görande handlar om ett förhållningssätt där de har barnfokus, är engagerade, skapar nyfikenhet, möjliggör för görande över tid och möten med mångfald som utgångspunkt och att de är beroende av pedagogiska förutsättningar för undervisning genom estetiska lärprocesser som bidrar till delaktighet och inkludering. För vidare forskning ser vi att etnografiska studier genom deltagande observationer och intervjuer skulle kunna bidra till en fördjupad förståelse av inkludering av alla barn genom estetiska lärprocesser, samt hur tekniska och digitala hjälpmedel skapar förutsättning för delaktighet och inkludering. / This is a qualitative study with the aim of examining preschool teachers 'perception of how they make everyone, and every child involved through work with aesthetic learning processes, which was becausewe saw that preschool teacher’ perspectives on how work through aesthetic learning processes make children involved and not included emerged clearly in research. Since our purpose has been to highlight preschool teachers' positive aspects of inclusion work through aesthetic learning processes, it has been challenging during the work to make critical perspectives on research and the phenomenon we have investigated. The theoretical starting point of the study is systems theory and relational pedagogy. The empirics were collected through nine digital interviews with legitimate preschool teachers and analyzed based on an inductive thematic approach.The results of the study show that educators' actions are about an approach where they have a child focus, are committed, create curiosity, enable action over time and meetings with diversity as a starting point and that they are dependent on pedagogical conditions for teaching through aesthetic learning processes that contribute to participation and inclusion. For further research, we see that ethnographic studies through participatory observations and interviews could contribute to an in-depth understanding of the inclusion of all children through aesthetic learning processes, as well as how technical and digital aids create the conditions for participation and inclusion.

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This essay uses a case study to examine in a particular school the nature of these interactions. By examining this case using ethnographic methods including walking tours and interviews the essay gains an insight into how the physical environment interacts with the learning environment in the school. The research identifies four main points of interaction. The need for ownership of space, the quality of the study environment, the atmosphere of the school and the need for privacy. These areas of interaction are identified also within the research with teaching staff at the school. From this research there appears to be evidence in favour of open school models which have significant variation and flexibility of space to allow for both teachers and students to adapt the environment to their various needs. The open school model does however invite significant benefits in terms of non-formal learning situations and new forms of interaction between teachers and students.

Digitala verktyg får en ökad spridning i samhället och läroplanen för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lgr 22) förespråkar en ökad användning av digitala verktyg i undervisningen. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur lärare använder digitala verktyg i SO-undervisningen, samt vilka effekter digitala verktyg har på elevers engagemang och lärande sett ur ett lärarperspektiv. Genom en intervjustudie med sex mellanstadielärare som undervisar i SO kunde syftet besvaras. Studiens teoretiska ram bygger på det sociokulturella perspektivet och med hjälp av perspektivet kunde resultaten tolkas. Resultatet av studien visar att lärarna använder digitala verktyg i SO-undervisningen på olika sätt, men att några av de vanligaste argumenten är för att variera undervisningen och tillgängliggöra olika inlärningsmetoder. Några vanliga lärresurser som används är Seterra, Binogi och inläsningstjänst. Lärarna kan se att digitala verktyg medför såväl positiva som negativa effekter på elevers lärande. Framförallt hänvisar lärarna till inkluderande lärandemiljöer där digitala verktyg gör det möjligt för elever att lära sig på olika sätt. Därutöver upplever lärarna att elevers motivation och engagemang blir större. Samtidigt tenderar elevers koncentration i vissa fall att försämras som en konsekvens av de distraktioner som finns runt omkring. Digitala verktyg i sig får så pass stort fokus att visst ämnesinnehåll riskerar att gå förlorat. Som en analys av det empiriska materialet konstateras att elevers digitala kompetens kan skilja sig åt, vilket innebär att en undervisning med digitala verktyg riskerar att exkludera vissa grupper. Därav är lärares digitala och didaktiska kompetens avgörande för undervisningens utformning och elevers lärande. Lärares pedagogiska val behöver ta avstamp i vad som fungerar bäst i sammanhanget för att främja elevers lärande.

ELM Resources, a not-for-profit, mutual-benefit corporation, provides web-based transmission and data translation services for student loan data between loan providers and schools/universities. This corporation has a relatively new training staff of five to seven employees and over 1,800 client organizations. Because of the heavy demands placed on the training staff, ELM training administrators sought alternatives to their current training program of onsite training and web conferencing. Blended learning was identified as one possible solution. In this project, blended learning is defined as using a combination of face-to-face training and technology-delivered training. By adding web-based, on-demand tutorials, along with other training media, ELM hoped to increase access to training while keeping costs low. This project explores the impact of these tutorials on ELM and its clients. Reported are an interview with the Director of Training and several surveys distributed to school staff, lenders, and ELM training specialists. A critique of the project addresses the need for future research to collect performance data. Evaluation results indicate that the changes to the training program have established a positive relationship between ELM and its clients, and have given ELM a definite competitive edge. The advantages especially noted in the evaluation results include the usefulness of the tutorials as both a reinforcement of previous training and a self-testing tool, their brief and highly visual format which teaches one process at a time, and the convenience in accessing and using the tutorials. Disadvantages include the tutorial's inherent impersonal nature, the loss of the ability to ask questions, and lack of optional narration. This paper discusses unanticipated benefits to the trainers, such as the use of the tutorials within face-to-face training sessions, and to other ELM staff members, including Help Desk personnel. The decrease in training-related Help Desk calls after the introduction of the training changes suggests a positive impact on learning.

Den tekniska utvecklingen har varit storskalig i världen och människors vardagsliv har ändrats mycket det senaste seklet. I kontrast till detta har den svenska skolan inte sett samma hastiga tekniska utveckling. Samtidigt visar resultat från PISA att elevers resultat i matematik sjunker. Här identifieras två problem som måste lösas. Därför syftade denna undersökning till att underlätta elevers matematikstudier genom att skapa en ny digital lärmiljö. Lärmiljön kom att kombinera matematiska lösningsförslag med nätcoaching. Det gjordes med hjälp av det digitala läromedlet Mathleaks och lärplattformen TalkMath. Därefter analysera hur entill-en nätcoaching fungerade i denna nya lärmiljö. Undersökningen syftade även ta reda på hur elever uppfattar lärmiljön och om den kan vara ett komplement till lösningsförslag. Lärmiljön skapades med grund i pedagogiska teorier såsom Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv, teorier om coaching, synkron kommunikation samt teorier om en-till-en nätcoaching. Två metoder användes för att samla denna data. För det första sparades alla konversationer automatiskt i en databas. För det andra så användes en enkät för att samla elevernas uppfattning av lärmiljön. Ramverket Undersökande relation användes för att analysera alla konversationerna mellan elev och coach. Studenterna valdes ut från en svensk gymnasieskola där en av författarna jobbar, eleverna var i åldrarna 15-18 år. Resultaten indikerade att denna nya lärmiljö var ett bra komplement till lösningsförslag. Det drogs även slutsatsen att lärmiljön hjälpte elevers kognitiva progression. Undersökningen visar att en digital lärmiljö kan vara ett bra komplement för elever som studerar matematik med lösningsförslag. / The digital and technical development of the world have been large-scale and people’s day-today life has changed immensely the last century. In contrast, the Swedish school system has not been seeing the same rapid technical development. As students’ results in mathematics are declining an approach to battle this trend can be to apply this technological development on students’ studies in mathematics. Therefore, this thesis sought to ease students’ mathematics studies by creating a digital learning environment. By combining workedexamples with online coaching the environment was created through the platforms Mathleaks and TalkMath. Then examine how online one-to-one coaching works in this environment. It also sought to analyse how students perceive this teaching environment and if it can be used as a complement to worked-examples. The environment was created based on pedagogical theories such as Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective, coach theories, synchronous communication as well as theory around one-to-one online coaching. Two methods were used to gather data. First, the conversations were automatically stored in a database. Secondly, a survey was used to gather the students’ opinion of the teaching environment. The framework Relationship of Inquiry was used to analyse all conversations between students and coaches. Students were chosen from an upper secondary school in the ages of 15-18 where one of the authors worked. Results indicated that the teaching environment that was created was a good complement to worked-examples. The environment was shown to help student’s knowledge progression. This shows that digital teaching environments can be a valuable addition for students when studying mathematics.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to contribute with increased knowledge about preschool teachers' use of gender perspectives in the work with the indoor learning environment. The research questions in the study concern to what extent and in what ways the preschool teachers describe that they use a gender perspective in the work with the preschool learning environment indoors, and what can be made visible in the preschool teachers' descriptions with the help of Hirdman's (1988, 2003) gender system theory. The selection of the study’s participants were preschool teachers, and the data collection method was semi-structured interviews that visualized the preschool teachers' work around gender perspectives. The result that has been produced from the nine interviews was, among other things, that the preschool teachers agree that the indoor learning environment should be designed to be accessible and suit all children according to their different needs, regardless of gender. We chose to use Hirdman's gender system theory where the preschool teachers' answers in the study have been analyzed based on the theoretical concepts of separation, hierarchies and gender contracts. A conclusion produced by the study was that there are both strategies and shortcomings in the work with gender in the learning environment, but that most of the preschool teachers use a gender perspective in different ways when working with the preschool's indoor learning environment. It was made clear in the gender analysis that the preschool teachers’ work with a gender perspective in the indoor learning environment to some extent takes place in accordance with Hirdman’s gender system theory. The theoretical concepts in the analysis show that there is separation in the preschool teachers’ work with gender-stereotypical materials, hierarchies where the preschool teachers choose to act more neutrally towards certain gender-stereotypical materials and that the gender contract is reinforced by the preschool teachers’ assumptions of what role they think the children want in roleplay. / Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att bidra med ökad kunskap om förskollärares användning av genusperspektiv i arbetet med lärmiljön inomhus. Forskningsfrågorna i studien handlar om i vilken utsträckning och på vilka sätt som förskollärarna beskriver att de använder genusperspektiv i arbetet med förskolans lärmiljö inomhus, samt vad som kan synliggöras i förskollärarnas beskrivningar med hjälp av Hirdmans (1988, 2003) genussystemteori. Urvalet av studiens deltagare var förskollärare och datainsamlingsmetoden var semistrukturerade intervjuer som synliggjorde förskollärarnas arbete kring genusperspektiv. Resultatet som har framställts från de nio intervjuerna var bland annat att förskollärarna är eniga om att lärmiljön inomhus ska utformas till att vara tillgänglig och passa alla barn efter deras olika behov, oberoende av kön. Vi valde att använda oss av Hirdmans genussystemteori där förskollärarnas svar i studien har analyserats utifrån de teoretiska begreppen isärhållande, hierarkier och genuskontrakt. En av studiens slutsatser var att det förekommer både strategier och brister i arbetet med genus i lärmiljön, men att de flesta förskollärarna trots allt använder sig av genusperspektiv på olika sätt när de arbetar med förskolans lärmiljö inomhus. Det tydliggjordes i genusanalysen att förskollärarnas arbete med genusperspektiv i lärmiljön inomhus till vissa delar sker i enlighet med Hirdmans genussystemteori. De teoretiska begreppen i analysen visar att det förekommer isärhållande i förskollärarnas arbete med könsstereotypa material, hierarkier där förskollärarna väljer att agera mer neutralt till vissa könsstereotypa material och att genuskontraktet förstärks av förskollärarnas antaganden av vilken roll de tror att barnen vill ha i leken.

Introduction: A trusting relationship between medical learners and clinical teachers is vital for educational and clinical productivity. Perceptions of a trusting relationship are influenced by the learner’s perception of the interpersonal risk (i.e. being humiliated) for engaging in learning behaviours (e.g. asking questions, seeking feedback, learning from mistakes). Perceptions of low interpersonal risk are linked to learners feeling comfortable engaging in learning behaviours. What is less clear is how the clinical environment may influence a medical learner’s perception of trust. Methods: Using constructivist grounded theory, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 medical clerks and 10 clinical educators affiliated with a single institution. Interviews explored participants’ personal experiences of positive, negative or challenging learner-teacher relationships in the clinical environment. Results: Through qualitative analysis, we developed a theory of Co-Navigation which describes how teachers and learners have common points of interaction to solidify or diminish trust as they navigate the dynamics of the clinical environment. These points in the relationship that each must co-navigate include: preparing to work together; asking questions; engaging in clinical work; and addressing learner mistakes. Perceptions of whether the opportunity solidified or dissolved trust, arose from learners’ perception of the amount of effort their teacher made to mitigate stress learners experienced in the learning environment. Limitations: Our interview participants were recruited as individuals; we did not examine their perceptions of their relationships with each other. Co-recruitment of teacher-learner dyads may be a strategy to further refine this theory in future research. Conclusion: The Co-Navigation theory helps teachers and learners identify key opportunities in the relationship and suggests approaches to solidifying trust at these critical junctures. It highlights the role the clinical environment plays in facilitating and constraining opportunities to establish trust. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc) / This thesis project aimed to understand how the clinical environment shapes the way medical learners interact and build relationships with their clinical teachers. We interviewed medical students and clinical teachers who worked together during the medical learner’s clerkship year of clinical training in various healthcare specialties. In the interviews, we discussed learner experiences of positive and negative relationships with clinical teachers. We developed a theory which describes four opportunities that medical learners and clinical teachers will encounter that can support the development of a trusting relationship. This thesis project will contribute insight into types of interactions that can be highlighted as strategic points for educational interventions and administrative reform, to support the development of trusting learner-teacher relationships during clerkship.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att, ur ett internationellt perspektiv, identifiera gemensamma framgångsfaktorer i den pedagogiska miljön för barn och ungdomar med autism i grundskola och anpassad grundskola. Vi har undersökt vilka samband det finns mellan skolans lärmiljö samt lärarens kommunikation och lärande hos elever med autism. Vi har även undersökt om lärmiljön i skolan samt lärarens kommunikation påverkar trivsel i skolan för elever med autism. De granskade artiklarna analyserades tematiskt och sammanställdes i fem olika teman. Inom temana lärarens roll, tekniska hjälpmedel, social träning, relationer och lokaler har vi hittat resultat som leder till större engagemang hos eleverna, förbättrad social interaktion, ökat lärande samt högre trivsel. I vår studie har vi funnit framgångsfaktorer som vi som speciallärare kan påverka och förmedla i skolan. Vi har även funnit metoder och modeller som påverkas av organisation och ekonomi. Vår studies resultat är intressant för både yrkesverksamma lärare samt skolledning.

As digitalization continues to advance, digital tools have become omnipresent in the classroom, and Student Response Systems (SRSs) have emerged as a valuable tool for teachers. However, the added value and efficacy of integrating gamified SRSs, compared to non-gamified SRSs, in the classroom has yet to be fully explored. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to non-gamified SRSs. The present study examines how a gamified learning environment in SRSs impacts vocabulary acquisition compared to a non-gamified learning environment. To analyze this effect, a quantitative study was designed using statistical analyses such as the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. SRSs, namely Gimkit and Socrative, were selected to measure vocabulary acquisition. A total of 61 high school students studying English were enrolled in this study. Eighteen target words have been picked from two different vocabulary books designed to help students reach the C1 level in English. The selected words have all been identified as adjectives. The students were split into two class-based groups, and each was assigned a SRS to use for two 20-minute study sessions, happening at an interval of three days. To measure the effect of the two SRSs on vocabulary acquisition, three tests were conducted over three weeks. The students took a pre-test, an immediate post-test after the second study session, and a final delayed post-test two weeks later. The statistical analysis and the results of the three tests measuring vocabulary acquisition revealed a statistically significant improvement in vocabulary test scores for both groups in the short- and long-term. However, no statistical significance was shown for the test scores between the two groups: gamified and non-gamified learning environments. Hence, a gamified learning environment using SRSs was shown to have no statistical significance on vocabulary learning and retention compared to a non-gamified one. While digital tools are widely embraced, this study suggests that gamified SRSs, compared to non-gamified SRSs, may not offer a significant advantage in terms of vocabulary acquisition and retention. It is, therefore, important for the teachers to get to know their students and find the type of SRSs that suit their learning style best. Further studies could investigate the impact of gamified and non-gamified SRS on the students’ vocabulary acquisition and motivation over a school year to understand the effects better.