This essay uses a case study to examine in a particular school the nature of these interactions. By examining this case using ethnographic methods including walking tours and interviews the essay gains an insight into how the physical environment interacts with the learning environment in the school. The research identifies four main points of interaction. The need for ownership of space, the quality of the study environment, the atmosphere of the school and the need for privacy. These areas of interaction are identified also within the research with teaching staff at the school. From this research there appears to be evidence in favour of open school models which have significant variation and flexibility of space to allow for both teachers and students to adapt the environment to their various needs. The open school model does however invite significant benefits in terms of non-formal learning situations and new forms of interaction between teachers and students.

O espaço educacional frequentado pelas crianças tem por gênese o projeto físico de suas instalações, as condições sociais que permitem e impulsionam a sua elaboração, o modo como a criança o vivencia e as simbolizações que emergem na conjunção destes fatores. A leitura do espaço é analisada nesta Tese sob os dois primeiros aspectos com o propósito de reavaliar o devido papel formativo das vivências espaciais das crianças. Para melhor compreender estas relações, foram elencados projetos voltados aos espaços ocupados pelas crianças à luz das aferições experimentadas e do ideário ao qual é submetida no espaço. A constante readaptação e transformação do espaço infantil conforme seu desenvolvimento cognitivo e corporal implica no conceito de espaço aqui desenvolvido como aberto, que é o modo como as transições para novas situações mediam expansão e acolhimento. Para isso, toma-se como objeto de pesquisa os espaços que remontam às experiências das Escolas Classe Escola Parque propostas pelo educador Anísio Teixeira e da Escola Aberta japonesa originada na experiência britânica das escolas informais do pós-guerra. Ambos os modelos alcançaram escala de experiências na rede pública de ensino fundamental I, em Brasília, e nas novas áreas de desenvolvimento urbano na região metropolitana de Tóquio, respectivamente. A transformação dos espaços escolares ocorreu tanto na escala interna da escola como em sua constituição urbana, e de modo a abarcar este processo, os projetos foram avaliados em três distintos momentos. Primeiro, como uma apreensão dos fatos que levaram à constituição do modelo, no qual o papel do planejamento e da projeção espacial dos arquitetos é ressaltada. Na sequência, apresenta-se o ideário que propiciou o surgimento destes agrupamentos escolares voltados às crianças. Por fim, confronta-se a teoria do espaço projetado pela voz das próprias crianças entre 9 e 10 anos, por meio de oficinas participativas que elucidam a experiência no espaço escolar. Ao longo da Tese são demonstradas diversas representações do espaço escolar como instrumento de pesquisa na elucidação de questões do projeto arquitetônico escolar. / The educational space attended by the child has its genesis in the facilities design, the social conditions that allow and drive its elaboration, the child spatial interaction and the symbolizations that emerge as a conjunction of these factors. How children interpret space is analyzed in this Thesis regarding the first two aspects, aiming to reassess a proper formative role in the child\'s spatial experiences. The object of this research is the transformation of school spaces design in the light of the child\'s experiences and the former concept to which it is submitted in space. The constant readjustment and change of children\'s space according to their cognitive and corporal development implies the central argument of space developed here as \"open space\", which is how transitions to new situations are dealt either with expansion or embracement. The analysis of spaces designed for children at the accomplished experiences of the Escolas Classe Escola Parque proposed by the educator Anísio Teixeira and the Japanese Open School model originated at the British experience of informal post-war schools are used throughout the research to illustrate these premises. Both models reached the scale of experiences in the elementary public school system of Brasília and at the new development area of of Tokyo Metropolis, respectively. The transformation of school spaces are dealt both internally and at the urban scale, and as a methodology of the analysis, the projects were evaluated in three different moments. First, a compilation of the facts that led to the constitution of the model, in which the role of planning and spatial projection of the architect is highlighted. Next, the ideology that propitiated the emergence of these school groupings directed to the child is presented. Finally, the theory is confronted by the voice of the children themselves, through workshops which enable children´s experience of school spaces to emerge. Multiple representation supports are used in this Thesis as instruments of research to elucidate questions that arise at the practice of school design.

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)