It is often noted that Deuteronomy 28 seems to parallel portions of a Neo-Assyrian treaty, 'The Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon', known as EST. However, while there are undeniably points of similarity between Deuteronomy 28 and EST, affinities to Deuteronomy 28 may also be found in curses from Old Aramaic epigraphs of the first-millennium. In this thesis I consider the relationship of Deuteronomy 28 to the curse traditions of the ancient Near East. I argue that the crux of the issue is the linguistic means of the transmission of these ancient Near Eastern curse traditions to Deuteronomy. Consideration of this is then the prerequisite to a study of the cultural means of transmission: treatments of this problem must encompass a far broader range of materials than hitherto considered, including the Old Aramaic inscriptions. My primary aim in this context is to ascertain whether we may characterize the relation of all these texts to Deuteronomy as one of influence or of intertextuality - terminological categories which I introduce in order to clarify the exact nature of the problem with more precision than that of previous studies. Ultimately it will be found that Deuteronomy 28 reflects a complex interplay between Mesopotamian and Levantine traditions, against previous interpreters who had referred Deuteronomy 28 to an exclusively Mesopotamian horizon. Nevertheless, we cannot consider this interplay to have stemmed from the influence of any one Old Aramaic or Mesopotamian text such as EST in terms of a direct literary connection. Rather, as putative Aramaic vectors of mediation must be posited between the Mesopotamian tradition and Deuteronomy due to the linguistic competence of Judaean scribes in the late monarchic period, this must be understood as a relationship of intertextuality. While the specific literary (or ritual) Vorlage is thus unreconstructable in terms of the documentary evidence, we can nevertheless hypothesize what the Northwest Semitic curse tradition from which this Vorlage was a part may have looked like, based upon the textual traditions to which we do have access - and this tradition is reflected in Deuteronomy 28.

This first history of the western liturgy, was written c.842 by Walahfrid Strabo, a cleric from southern Germany. It was probably written to be used in the monastery on the island of Reichenau on Lake Constance (where Walahfrid was abbot from 838-849) as a teaching text for priests who would minister to rural parishes. Often cited but never studied in depth, this is the first translation of the entire text. In the commentary I have attempted to demonstrate that in the middle of the ninth century an intelligent liturgist can give us an accurate and realistic contemporary picture of ecclesiastical and liturgical matters. But unusually Walahfrid presents his material in an evolutionary perspective and with precise citations of his sources, rather in the manner of a modern historian, not in the simple expository or allegorical forms which were more typical of the period. The first part of the libellus examines various features of church buildings per se, such as altars, vocabulary for many architectural features, the use of pictures and images, and the dedication of churches. The second and longer section of De exordiis is a detailed examination of various liturgical aspects of public ceremonies conducted in both churches and monasteries. One of Walahfrid's major concerns in the second half of the libellus is to present the history of the Eucharistic liturgy, with specific references to topics such as fasting, frequency of communion, and the arrangement of the sections of the Mass; another is the origins of certain liturgical actions in baptism, an area which the Carolingians saw in a legislative context, the result of Charlemagne's educational reforms for the clergy, and the proliferation of Christianity throughout the Frankish empire; a third is the development of hymnography, the collection of chants or songs that are neither canonical psalms nor biblical canticles, but enter into the celebration of the liturgy, especially the Liturgy of the Hours (hymns, antiphons, responses, etc.). My comments put Walahfrid's remarks into the wider context of Christian literature, from early Patristic texts up to the innovatory writings of the Carolingian era when the liturgy was in a state of flux, and for monk, priest, scribe, musician, bishop and emperor participation in its development was a lively issue. The detailed examinations of Walahfrid's sources, theological, historical, legislative and literary, are crucial evidence for the transmission of texts and their availability to scholars in the mid-ninth century. I have demonstrated where Walahfrid is in error as a result of the texts he has used or lack of them, where he agrees with modern literature, and where he is the only source. Where it is liturgically relevant, Walahfrid's vocabulary is discussed with reference to both Patristic and Carolingian literature. His use of Greek and Old High German, although well worth intensive study, has not been subjected to detailed analysis in this thesis.

FARIA, Maria da Graça dos Santos. Alusão e citação como estratégias na construção de paródias e paráfrases em textos verbo-visuais. 2014. 118f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-27T13:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mgsfaria.pdf: 2482699 bytes, checksum: 996b3e417effe8e2bdc1b05c035e7345 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-27T14:48:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mgsfaria.pdf: 2482699 bytes, checksum: 996b3e417effe8e2bdc1b05c035e7345 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T14:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mgsfaria.pdf: 2482699 bytes, checksum: 996b3e417effe8e2bdc1b05c035e7345 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Os trabalhos sobre intertextualidade são em grande número, entretanto muito do que foi estudado diz respeito às tipologias intertextuais presentes em textos literários. Nesta pesquisa, apresentamos um caminho diferente, pois buscamos investigar aspectos ainda não presentes nas propostas classificatórias de Genette (2010), Piègay-Gros (1996) e Sant’Anna (2003) em textos literários e também em trabalhos mais recentes, como o de Koch, Bentes e Cavalcante (2007), particularmente sobre variados gêneros textuais, com o propósito de contribuir com as pesquisas intertextuais, destacando, dessa forma, a importância desse fenômeno na construção dos sentidos de um texto, em especial dos verbo-visuais. Uma contribuição deste trabalho encontra-se no fato de ir além de estabelecer critérios para a classificação das manifestações intertextuais em textos verbo-visuais, pois o propósito maior é investigar se a intertexualidade por derivação pode se redefinir a partir da inserção das relações de copresença nas derivacionais. Principalmente, verificamos a hipótese de que existem diferentes recursos linguísticos e/ou imagéticos responsáveis pelas alusões, que podem ser citações ou referências. Também investigamos a hipótese de que as citações e referências e alusões terminam sendo estratégias para um propósito maior do locutor de estabelecer paródias. Por fim, demonstramos que algumas charges e cartuns guardam entre si uma relação de parafraseamento. Trabalhamos com um exemplário formado por textos verbo-visuais publicados na internet como charges, tirinhas e cartuns em que buscamos investigar como as relações intertextuais se manifestam nesses textos que se inscrevem na circulação de textos informativos e que recuperam notícias veiculadas na mídia. A análise permitiu constatar até o momento que as intertextualidades de copresença explícitas e implícitas como citação e alusão mostram que são importantes estratégias - isoladas ou simultaneamente - para a construção de paródias e de parafraseamentos.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as maneiras pelas quais alunos de um 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, estudantes de uma escola pública municipal em Osasco, se utilizam das orientações e intervenções da professora para produzir textos escritos na sala de aula. O corpus que compõe este trabalho é composto por: a) textos acadêmicos; b) textos escolares; e c) transcrições dos momentos de aula em que as produções de texto foram solicitadas (bem como as devolutivas das primeiras versões). Com relação aos textos acadêmicos, nosso objetivo consiste em verificar de que maneiras a pesquisa na sala de aula tem sido abordada por pesquisadores e professores-pesquisadores e quais contribuições estamos em condições de apontar neste trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação, cujos dados produzidos em contexto escolar (textos e transcrições de aula) foram coletados na própria sala de aula em que lecionávamos. As produções escritas dos alunos estão organizadas neste trabalho de acordo com as propostas de texto apresentadas pela professora. Apostamos que, pela interação dialógica entre o gesto de ensinar e o gesto de pesquisar, o professor seja capaz de construir um percurso de escrita e ensino em que o imprevisto é possível. A partir do cotejamento destes dados, bem como da leitura crítica de nossa própria prática pedagógica, verificamos que, ao revisar suas interações, o professor é provocado a sair da posição subjetiva de profissional paralisado e oprimido para, então, despertar em direção a uma nova posição ética. Trata-se de um convite à dezescrita (RIOLFI; BARZOTTO, 2014), a fim de que possamos refletir a respeito de novos modos de nos relacionarmos com os saberes dos alunos. / This dissertation aims to analyze how 5th grade elementary school students from a municipal public school in Osasco use the teacher\'s directions and interventions for the production of written texts in the classroom. The corpus of this dissertation is composed of: a) academic texts; B) school texts; and c) transcripts of class moments in which texts productions were requested (and the returning of the first versions of the texts). Regarding the academic texts, our objective is to verify how classroom researchs has been approached by researchers and teachers-researchers as well as the contributions we may be able to point in this dissertation. It is an action research which data were produced in a school context (texts and class transcriptions), since they were collected in the classroom where we taught. The written productions of the students are organized according to the text proposals presented by the teacher. We consider that by the dialogical interaction between the gesture of teaching and the gesture of researching, the teacher is capable of building a course of writing and teaching in which the unforeseen is possible. From data analysis, as well as the critical reading of our own pedagogical practice, we verified that by revising the interactions, the teacher is provoked to move from the position of stagnant and oppressed professional and arouse to a new ethical position. This is an invitation to dezescrita (RIOLFI; BARZOTTO, 2014), in order to enable a reflection upon new ways of relating to the students\' knowledge.

O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar que a pseudotradução (compreendida como a apresentação de um texto ficcional original como se fosse uma tradução de um original que não existe) e a autorrefração (ou seja, a recriação, pelo próprio autor, de um texto seu em outro contexto, formato ou forma literária) são elementos centrais para a poderosa ilusão de profundidade cultural conjurada pela obra de J.R.R. Tolkien. Ao apresentar uma elaborada moldura metanarrativa, que postula a existência de manuscritos antigos, longas cadeias de transmissão e adaptação de textos e múltiplos idiomas nos quais essa transmissão se dá, Tolkien dá um passo crucial para aproximar sua obra das mitologias reais. / This dissertation aims to show that pseudotranslation (defined as the presentation of an original, fictional text as a translation of a foreign text that does not actually exist) and self-refraction (that is, the recreation, by the author himself, of one of his texts in a different cultural context, format or literary form) are key elements for the powerful illusion of cultural depth conjured up by the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. By presenting an elaborate metanarrative framework and postulating the existence of ancient manuscripts, long chains of cultural transmission and adaptation and multiple languages in which such transmission occurs, Tolkien takes a crucial step to bring his works to the same level of real mythologies.

Orientador: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T13:03:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_MariaAngelicaFreirede_D.pdf: 1018685 bytes, checksum: 6c7e008519bc833dd909093e24238279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Résumé: Cette thèse a pour sujet le phénomène d¿étiquetage discursive dans des textes d¿opinion. Sous une perspective socio-cognitive et textuelle-interactive, on procède à l¿ observation des etiquettes dans son fonctionnement discursif, comme ressources d¿agencement et d¿organisation de contenus précédents ou subséquents, propres à doter le texte d¿une orientation argumentative. La recherche démontre qu¿il s¿agit d¿une importante stratégie pas seulement de référentiaton mais aussi d¿enchaînement, dans la mesure où elle met en évidence le fonctionnement des étiquettes comme: opérateurs d¿argumentation et d¿organisation textuelle; ressources d¿ordre textuelle-discursive pour orienter le lecteur dans le procès de construction d¿un sens; opérateurs qui rendrent explicite les sens (caractère méta). Le corpus de la recherche est constitué de matières d¿opinion publiées dans le magasine « Caros Amigos » (Chers Amis), et sélectionnées dans les numéros publiés entre 1998 et 2005. Après le détachement des étiquettes présentes en chaque texte, on vérifie leur nombre d¿occurrences, si plus ou moins fréquentes, dans le corpus en analyse, et on fait sa classification suivant des critères préétablis, pour proceder, ensuite à la discussion des résultats obtenus. Pour concluire, on constate l¿importance du phénomène étudié pour l¿organisation du texte et pour l¿acheminement du sens à être construit par le lecteur / Resumo: Esta tese toma como tema o fenômeno da rotulação discursiva em textos opinativos. À luz de uma perspectiva sociocognitiva e textual-interativa, procede-se à observação dos rótulos em seu funcionamento discursivo, como recurso sumarizador (encapsulador) e organizador de conteúdos precedentes ou subseqüentes, apto a dotar o texto de uma orientação argumentativa. A pesquisa realizada demonstra que se trata de importante estratégia não só de referenciação, como também de encadeamento, na medida em que evidencia o funcionamento dos rótulos como: operadores de argumentação e de organização textual; recursos de ordem textual-discursiva orientadores do leitor na construção do sentido; operadores de explicitude de sentidos (caráter meta). Constituem corpus da pesquisa matérias opinativas da revista Caros Amigos, selecionadas em números publicados entre os anos de 1998 e 2005. Após o levantamento dos rótulos presentes em cada texto, verifica-se sua maior ou menor freqüência no corpus em análise e procede-se à sua classificação, de acordo com critérios previamente estabelecidos, passando-se, então, à discussão dos resultados obtidos. Conclui-se pela relevância do fenômeno estudado para a organização do texto e para o encaminhamento do sentido a ser construído pelo leitor / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Ezequiel Theodoro da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacopini_Juliano_M.pdf: 6408496 bytes, checksum: 7763a7e2e3091eb5f83ee5e76b41536f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Caminhando. Assim se dá a trajetória dos acontecimentos, e nessa dissertação não seria diferente; ao contrário, assumidamente, o corpo desse trabalho apresenta uma trajetória que se sustenta por estradas já trilhadas, que vieram a ser e que ainda serão. O objetivo desse estudo é tatear possíveis maneiras que o texto teatral pode ser trabalhado em sala de aula. A proposta de adentrar o campo escolar com o texto dramático vem atrelada à questão da oferta da leitura pelo prazer, entendimento e interpretação, e não a leitura como, e apenas, decodificação de signos; a busca de fato é por uma leitura pela produção de múltiplos sentidos, por quais apreensões e significações nascem quando esta é possibilitada de forma ampla, pela interpretação vinculada à bagagem que o sujeito-leitor traz consigo em seu percurso sócio-histórico. Sob esse prisma, de que o sujeito é história, e traz em si suas histórias, cria/ tece na relação em sala de aula tantas outras histórias, o trabalho com o texto dramático possibilitaria a criação de outras tantas histórias. Assim, busca-se leituras ainda não lidas. Leituras pelos olhos de quem se lê ao tempo que lê, de quem se permite ler sem medo de interpretar, de quem se permite ler de forma polissêmica e que encontra no texto que lê várias vozes atravessadas, e que atravessam o leitor. O caminho se fez à luz de discussões e mapeamentos sobre a história da leitura e o leitor sócio-histórico (CHARTIER, 1996, 1999, 2002), sobre a Teoria da Interpretação e Hermenêutica (RICOUER, 1977; CORETH, 1973) e ainda sobre conceitos de gênero e dialogismo (BAKHTIN, 2003, 2004). Na caminhada encontramos novos caminhos e personagens importantes que passaram a fazer parte dessa trajetória, que são o Grupo XIX de Teatro e o Grupo Galpão, dois grupos de referência com trabalho teatral no Brasil e que foram entrevistados sobre as possibilidades para se ler o teatro, trazendo para as discussões presentes neste trabalho novos olhares sobre os caminhos que a leitura, bem como a arte, podem estar vivas e serem vividas no contexto escolar. / Abstract: Moving. That is the course of the events, and in this dissertation it would not be different; on the contrary, on purpose, the content of this work presents a route that exists through ridden roads that come to be and still will be. The objective of this study is to search possible means by which the theatrical text (drama text) can be worked out in the classroom. The wish to enter the school field with the theatrical text is linked with the question of offering reading activities based on pleasure, understanding and interpretation, and not based on sign decoding only; our search aims at a type of reading that produces multiple meanings that are born when it is facilitated intensively by interpretation related to the background the reader has - a background built along his social historical life. From this point of view that the reader is history, and brings about stories, and weaves many other stories in the classroom, the work with the theatrical text would promote the creation of many other stories. So, we look for readings not read yet. Reading through the eyes of one who reads himself when he reads, of one that allows himself to fearless interpretation, of one that reads in a multiple way and that finds out in the text read various crisscrossed voices that cross the reader himself. The route was constructed in the light of discussions and the mapping of the history of reading and the socio-historical reader (CHARTIER, 1996, 1999, 2002) of interpretation Theory and Hermeneutics (RICOEUR, 1977; CORETH, 1973), including concepts of gender and interactionism (BAKHTIN, 2003, 2004). Along the way, we have found other ways and important characters that were added to our trip: Grupo XIX de Teatro and Grupo Galpão, two theatrical reference groups in Brazil - they were interviewed about the possibilities of reading the theater, bringing to the present dissertation new insights about the ways that reading and arts in general can be lived in schools. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

Multimodal theory has developed out of social semiotics and can be seen as a response to the rise in the use of new technologies for the creation, distribution and consumption of media texts and the need to find new ways of describing and explaining their role in representation and communication. Its development is historical. It is a response to change over time. The incorporation of the visual into social semiotics marks a key moment in the development of multimodal theory. Visual literacy is discussed in relation to changes in modes of representation and a critique of this concept is provided. This is conducted in relation to how the visual modality has been integrated into social semiotics as a platform for research into multimodal communication more generally. Framing is developed along three main lines of enquiry (semiotic, cognitive and affective) as alternative ways of accounting for some of these shifts in communication and each are presented in the form of case studies. Framing and its close relationship with composition in media texts is discussed and this understanding, one that emphasise proximity as a multimodal principle, is applied to the visual design of content, the realisation of context through the provision visual cues, and later to embodiment and urban space. The three case studies, the application of framing to a range of media texts, the critical judgements made about the role visual in contemporary theory and the application of these concepts to multimodality are presented as part of an intellectual journey.

This thesis is based on the premise that questions about human affairs, including questions about art, need to be considered in the context of our deep history as a species. Darwinian theories of human existence have given scholars in evolutionary psychology the chance to analyze human cognition, emotions, and behaviour by considering the trajectory of our evolution and how that has shaped our current situation. Taking a Darwinian literary approach, this thesis tries to answer one of the main questions about James Joyce’s novel, Ulysses: What is the purpose behind a style that many find so difficult in this novel? In order to answer this question, I explore the adaptive purposes of literature (in general) and stylistic experimentation (in particular). I argue that art can be seen as a form of sexual display where stylistic difficulty and originality are ways of indicating fitness for survival. In this way, both the author and readers of Ulysses spend their time and energy to produce and consume the difficult style of Ulysses because they find pleasure in an activity that is adaptively useful. Furthermore, I suggest that earning social status could have been an evolutionary motive for both the authors and readers of difficult modernist texts, including Ulysses. To support this, I show how gaining social status is part of other sexual ornamentation that handicap the displayer by imposing excessive difficulty in terms of the time and energy needed to put on those displays of fitness. / Graduate / 2018-10-23

This study reports on the use and benefits of fiction as a method to teach English as a second language in primary school. The study was conducted by reading previous research and conducting one-on-one interviews with six active teachers. The teachers all taught English in first to third grade, and they all had received education for it. The interviews contained questions about the use of fiction in both English and Swedish education. The results show that the general idea of using fiction to teach English is positive; however, only one teacher used it in practice. The other teachers list films and speaking exercises as their main tools for teaching English. According to previous research and interviews, the results of using fiction are positive, as it enhances vocabulary, comprehension and pronunciation. It has been shown that reading fiction enhances vocabulary, as the children are interested in what they read and therefore learn more as it engages them.