Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 steluti_wmdmf_me_bauru_prot.pdf: 1404257 bytes, checksum: d4e77186a5e03cec102f5d2fa890c6a8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Utilizamos uma língua eletrônica a base de filmes ultrafinos de diferentes materiais, e medidas de espectroscopia de impedância, para analisar amostras de açúcar fornecidas pela Usina da Barra S/A, unidade UNIVALEM de valparaíso (SP). As características do açúcar na usina são geralmente determinadas pela cor ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis) e teor de sacarose medido por luz polarizada. Nossa proposta é verificar se a língua eletrônica serve como ferramenta auxiliar na avaliação dos diferentes tipos de açúcar, e também açúcares similares, mas com diferentes cores IMCUSA. Ressaltamos que o fato do açúcar ser uma substância não eletrolítica dificulta grandemente esse tipo de avaliação em dispositivos semelhantes que usam outras técnicas de medidas, como potenciometria ou voltametria cíclica. Entretanto, as amostras na concentração 1mM (abaixo do limite de sensibilidade biológico = 10mM para o paladar doce) foram facilmente identificadas, conseguimos melhorar consideravelmente a resposta das medidas de impedância elétrica corrigindo o pH = 7 de todas as amostras. Verificamos através da técnica de Espectroscopia de Espalhamento Raman possíveis interações entre o filme e as soluções analisadas, obtendo resultados satisfatórios. / An electronic tongue system based on ultra-thin films of different materials and impedance spectroscopy measurements was used in the assessment of sugar samples from Usina da Barra S/A, Univalem branch at Valparaíso (SP). Sugar characteristics in the plant station are generally made by ICUMSA (International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis) colour and sucrose content, measured by polarized light. We intend to check if the electronic tongue serves as an auxiliary tool in the evaluation of different samples and also sugars having similar ICUMSA colours. It is worth mentioning that sugar is a non-electrolyte substance, being quite difficult to be detected in similar devices using other techniques, such as potentiometry and cyclic voltammetry. However, samples at 1 mM (below the human threshold = 10mM for sweetnes) were easily distinguished. We could improve considerably the correlation of the samples at pH = 7. In addition, through raman spectroscopy we check possible interactions between films and analytes, with satisfactory results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_mpb_me_bauru.pdf: 798270 bytes, checksum: 437454937b48d54f9757294afd0b12e5 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho pesquisamos variações das propriedades elétricas de filmes ultrafinos de diferentes materiais, utilizados como unidades sensoriais de uma língua eletrônica, simulando os resultados obtidos em diferentes paladares com um modelo de circuito elétrico equivalente, visando uma melhor compreensão do mecanismo de transdução envolvido. Foram utilizados filmes ultrafinos de quitosana, ftalocianina, polipirrol e perileno, que serviram de elementos transdutores do dispositivo, similar às papilas gustativas na língua humana, pois a diferença de resposta entre eles pode ser utilizada como uma impressão digital dos líquidos analisados. Esses materiais foram depositados sobre lâminas de quartzo e eletrodos interdigitados através das técnicas Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), automontagem e evaporação a vácuo. Inicialmente o trabalho foi na fabricação de filmes ultrafinos para familiarização das técnicas e equipamentos de medidas. Pôde-se verificar boa adesão dos materiais depositados sobre os eletrodos interdigitados mesmo após excessivas lavagens em água Milli-Q, permitindo sua reutilização na língua eletrônica. Os eletrodos cobertos com filmes ultrafinos foram imersos em soluções 1 mM e 1μM ácidas, salgadas, doces, amargas e umami utilizando medida de impedância elétria e um modelo de circuito elétrico equivalente já existente na literatura. Analisamos a sensibilidade de resposta a uma temperatura de aproximadamente '20 GRAUS', avaliando como os parâmetros envolvidos no circuito elétrico equivalente variam de acordo com o tipo de solução analisada, nas concentrações 1 mM e 1μM, e ainda como esses parâmetros são afetados em um mesmo material na presença de diferentes analitos. Os resultados obtidos foram também analisados pelo método estatístico de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA, do inglês Principal Component Analysis) e Espectroscopia Raman. / In this work we study variations in the electrical properties of ultra-thin films of different materials, used as individual sensing units in an electronic tongue, simulating the results obtained in distinct tastants with an equivalent electric circuit, envisaging a better comprehension of the transducing mechanism involved. Ultra-thin films of chitosan, copper phtalocyanine, polypyrrole and perylene were used as transducers in the device, similar to the gustative papilae in the human tongue, as their electrical differences can be used as a fingerprint of the liquids analysed. The materials were deposited onto quartz plates and interdigitated electrodes through Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), layer-by-layer and vacuum evaporation techniques. Initially, we start the fabrication of the ultra-thin films to a better familiarization with equipments and tecniques. There was a good adhesion of the deposited films onto the interdigitated electrodes, even after excessive washings in Milli-Q water, allowing the re-use of the eletronic tongue system. The electrodes covered with ultra-thin films were have been soaked in 1mM and 1μM solutions of acidic, sweet, sour and bitter substances, using impedance spectroscopy as the measured technique and an equivalent circuit model already existent in the literature. The sensitivity of response at '20 GRAUS' was evaluated investigating seeking of how the involved parameters in the equivalent electric circuit varied according to the sort of solution analysed at mM and μM concentrations, and how they are affected by each material due to the presence of distinct analytes. The obtained results were also analysed by Principal Component Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy.

Orientador: José Alberto Giacometti / Banca: Lucas Fugikawa Santos / Banca: Marystela Ferreira / Banca: Neri Alves / Banca: Alfredo Roque Salvetti / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi na Unesp / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram preparados filmes ultrafinos de ftalocianinas, polipirrol, quitosana e lignina usando as técnicas de automontagem (LbL, "layer-by-layer"), deposição física à vapor PVD (physical vapor deposition) e Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). Os filmes foram caracterizados usando a técnica de espectroscopia UV-vis e apresentaram características adequadas para fabricar sensores capacitivos com o intuito de comporem uma "língua eletrônica". Para se analisar as respostas capacitivas dos sensores em função da frequência, eles foram mergulhados em soluções de água Milli-Q e do refrigerante Tubaína (Funada), com diferentes valores de pH, teor de sacarose e ºBrix. A partir das capacitâncias para a frequência de 1 kHz utilizou-se a técnica de análise estatística de componentes principais (PCA) para distinguir o teor de ºBrix, sacarose e acidez. Além disso, o trabalho apresenta um método para selecionar os sensores mais adequados, o qual consiste da análise PCA da matriz transposta dos resultados das capacitâncias. Na análise PCA dos resultados obtidos em água Milli-Q foi constatado que, do conjunto de sete sensores, são necessários apenas três sensores para avaliar a variação do pH enquanto que para o teor de sacarose são necessários quatro sensores. Para se avaliar a variação do pH no refrigerante Tubaína são necessários três sensores e quatro sensores para o teor de ºBrix. Na parte final a "língua eletrônica" foi usada para identificar as variações de pH e o teor de sacarose em água Milli-Q e pH e teor ºBrix no refrigerante Tubaína. / Abstract: Ultrathin polymeric films were fabricated from phytalocyanine, polypirrol, chitosan and lignin using the layer-by-layer, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques. Films were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy showing that are suitable to fabricate capacitive sensors to form an "electronic tongue". To probe the capacitive response of sensors on frequency they were immersed in Milli-Q water and in the soft soda Tubaina (from Funada) with different pH, sucrose and ºBrix content. From capacitances measured at 1 kHz the principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to distinguish the ºBrix, pH and sucrose content. Besides this, we present a method to select which sensors are more appropriated, consisting of the PCA analysis of the transposed matrix of the capacitance results. Employing the modified PCA analysis of results obtained from measurements in Milli-Q water we found that, from the set of seven sensors, only three sensors are required to distinguish the pH while only four sensors to distinguish the sucrose. In the case of the soft drink Tubaina three and four sensors are also required to distinguish the pH and ºBrix content, respectively. Finally, the electronic tongue was employed to distinguish the pH and sucrose content in Milli-Q water and the pH and ºBrix in soft drink Tubaina. / Doutor

This study aims to gain a broader view, within the frame of a comparative international perspective, of the relationship and dilemmas between the theoretical visions of the curriculum and their applicability in practice by mother tongue teachers within the current organizational structures and given resources. The research uses a qualitative and comparative method and semi-structured interviews of ten mother tongue teachers, five Chinese Mandarin and five Spanish, teaching Compulsory School level 7 to 9 in Sweden. The interviews and dialogues with the teachers make it possible to see phenomenon from many different perspectives and build knowledge after the interpretation and exploration of their testimonies and experiences. The study is comparative and one can see that there are more similarities than differences among the interviewed Spanish and Chinese mother tongue teachers. Both groups defined MTE (Mothet Tongue Education) as essential in the lives of children and youths and mention aspects such as intellectual development, identity, and interculturalism linked to the labour market. Also the feeling of a sense of community with other cultures in the world would empower the students with a capacity for social relationships, tolerance, and understanding of different peoples. Thereafter I investigate if the mother tongue teachers find it difficult to interpret and implement the formulations of the SNAE (Swedish National Agency for Education) curriculum and the policies that govern their specific role in the school system. It also implies identifying some of the external, contextual factors that can affect the effective application of the curriculum. Concerning the curricular aspects, the conclusion is that many of the visions described in the texts are not compatible with the situation of mother tongue teaching or to the reality of the students. Organizational factors, incomprehension and lack of platform-based research affect negatively the ambitions of effective and equitable MTE in Sweden. In addition, these teachers are also preoccupied with the future of MTE in Sweden. The political discourse would appear to be driving Europe towards right-wing political ideas in which MTE would not be a priority.

This dissertation focuses on two specific problems related to the design of parametric signal classifiers: dimensionality reduction to overcome the curse of dimensionality and information fusion to improve classification by exploiting complementary information from multiple sensors or multiple classifiers. Dimensionality reduction is achieved by introducing a strategy to rank and select a subset of principal component transform (PCT) coefficients that carry the most useful discriminatory information. The criteria considered for ranking transform coefficients include magnitude, variance, inter-class separation, and classification accuracies of individual transform coefficients. The ranking strategy not only facilitates overcoming the dimensionality curse for multivariate classifier implementation but also provides a means to further select, out of a rank-ordered set, a smaller set of features that give the best classification accuracies. Because the class-conditional densities of transform feature vectors are often assumed to be multivariate Gaussian, the dimensionality reduction strategy focuses on overcoming the specific problems encountered in the design of practical multivariate Gaussian classifiers using transform feature vectors. Through experiments with event related potentials (ERPs) and ear pressure signals, it is shown that the dimension of the feature space can be decreased quite significantly by means of the feature ranking and selection strategy. Furthermore, the resulting Gaussian classifiers yield higher classification accuracies than those reported in previous classification studies on the same signal sets. Amongst the four feature selection criteria, Gaussian classifiers using the maximum magnitude and maximum variance selection criteria gave the best classification accuracies across the two sets of classification experiments. For the multisensor case, dimensionality reduction is achieved by introducing a spatio-temporal array model to observe the signals across channels and time, simultaneously. A two-step process which uses the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and the Lilliefors test is formulated to select the array elements which have different Gaussian densities across all signal categories. Selecting spatio-temporal elements that fit the assumed model and also statistically differ across the signal categories not only decreases the dimensionality significantly but also ensures high classification accuracies. The selection is dynamic in the sense that selecting spatio-temporal array elements corresponds to selecting samples of different sensors at different time-instants. Each selected array element is classified using a univariate Gaussian classifier and the resulting decisions are fused into a decision fusion vector which is classified using a discrete Bayes classifier. The application of the resulting dynamic channel selection-based classification strategy is demonstrated by designing and testing classifiers for multi-channel ERPs and it is shown that strategy yields high classification accuracies. Most noteworthy of the two dimensionality reduction strategies is the fact that the multivariate Gaussian signal classifiers developed can be implemented without having to collect a prohibitively large number of training signals simply to satisfy the dimensionality conditions. Consequently, the classification strategies can be beneficial for designing personalized human-machine-interface (HMI) signal classifiers for individuals from whom only a limited number of training signals can reliably be collected due to severe disabilities. The information fusion strategy introduced is aimed at improving the performance of signal classifiers by combining signals from multiple sensors or by combining decisions of multiple classifiers. Fusion classifiers with diverse components (classifiers or data sets) outperform those with less diverse components. Determining component diversity, therefore, is of the utmost importance in the design of fusion classifiers which are often employed in clinical diagnostic and numerous other pattern recognition problems. A new pairwise diversity-based ranking strategy is introduced to select a subset of ensemble components, which when combined, will be more diverse than any other component subset of the same size. The strategy is unified in the sense that the components can be either polychotomous classifiers or polychotomous data sets. Classifier fusion and data fusion systems are formulated based on the diversity selection strategy and the application of the two fusion strategies are demonstrated through the classification of multi-channel ERPs. From the results it is concluded that data fusion outperforms classifier fusion. It is also shown that the diversity-based data fusion system outperforms the system using randomly selected data components. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the combination of data components that yield the best performance, in a relative sense, can be determined through the diversity selection strategy.

Orientador: Cleverton Roberto de Andrade / Resumo: O terpinen-4-ol (TP-4-ol) é um monoterpeno que constitui de 30-48% dos quimiotipos de óleos essenciais de plantas, como a Melaleuca alternifólia, laranjeira, pimenteira entre outras, apresentando propriedade anti-inflamatória, anticancerígena entre outras, caracterizadas como agentes quimiopreventivos e citoprotetores, respectivamente, contra as lesões com potencial de malignização e/ou malignas (LPMM) de língua e as hepato ou nefrotoxicidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo de nosso estudo foi avaliar o TP-4-ol quanto às propriedades quimiopreventivas sobre LPMM de língua e citoprotetoras ou citotóxicas sobre o fígado e rim de ratos quimicamente induzidos por óxido de 4-nitroquinolina (4-NQO). Além disso, avaliamos o TP-4-ol quanto ao seu potencial indutor de hepato e nefrotoxicidade em ratos saudáveis. Os 64 ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente para o experimento de 16 semanas, nos grupo 1 ratos saudáveis ou grupo 2 ratos oncológicos de língua (n=8) e os grupos de intervenções com [g/Kg de TP-4-ol] ratos saudáveis tratados [0,035] do grupo 3 e [0,0035] grupo 4, ratos oncológicos tratados [0,035] do grupo 5 e [0,0035] grupo 6 (n=12). Foram analisados os parâmetros biométricos (peso do corpo, língua, fígado e rim; consumo de água e ração); bioquímicos do fígado (alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina) e rim (ureia e creatinina); macroscópicos da língua (tamanho e lesões fundamentais), fígado e rim (tamanho); e microscópicos da língu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

This diploma thesis deals with the use of the TPR method (Total Physical Response) where the principle is a student who does not speak, only reacts nonverbally to verbal instructions given by a teacher e.g. by moving, drawing, colouring. This method is based on a similarity with learning the mother tongue. The work is divided into a theoretical part consisting of the theoretical background of the given method and the comparison with the process of learning the mother tongue, and a practical part which contains a research survey about the knowledge of using the TPR method at a particular primary school, it also contains general typology of TPR activities and specific examples and an analysis to each type of an activity.

120 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-30T12:28:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Antonio Santos.pdf: 465280 bytes, checksum: 32bb052f29e8191c70a08c0990823848 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-10T16:55:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Antonio Santos.pdf: 465280 bytes, checksum: 32bb052f29e8191c70a08c0990823848 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T16:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Antonio Santos.pdf: 465280 bytes, checksum: 32bb052f29e8191c70a08c0990823848 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A presente pesquisa aborda a identidade cultural do educando nas atividades orais da escola do Ensino Fundamental. Busca-se, através de um processo analítico e crítico de reflexão, verificar os motivos que levaram (e ainda levam) a uma subutilização da oralidade em sala de aula, fato este que afeta negativamente o ensino da língua materna. A pesquisa revelou, ainda, que tanto no campo científico (dos estudos linguísticos) quanto no campo legal (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação) existem subsídios mais do que suficientes para a defesa de uma pedagogia linguística que considere a oralidade como princípio e fim; sem que se esqueça a relevância do aprendizado da escrita numa perspectiva de ampliação do capital cultural do educando. A fala dos indivíduos não é mera transmissão de informação, mas uma forma de constituição da subjetividade, da cognição, uma forma de ação. As diferentes formas de discurso existem tanto para melhorar a eficácia comunicativa, quanto para marcar a identidade. É assim que trabalhar com variação linguística é o mesmo que trabalhar com identidade, e vice-versa. / Salvador

This dissertation deals with the relationship that exists between literacy and textual genres, seeks to identify factors arising literacy teaching practices with genres of discourse. It begins with an ethnographic research whose corpus analysis consists of textual productions taken throughout a practice with native ongoing pilot, within the project entitled Autonomy on the production of texts in different contexts of educations , under the coordination and guidance of Prof. Dr. Rita Maria Diniz Zozzoli. The observation and study that triggered the writing of this work lasted seven months. These ideas have been discussed by various authors, which are: Tfouni (2004), Ali & Rameh (ed., 2006), dealing with the link between literacy and alphabetization ; Bazerman (2006), Bakhtin (2000: 279 - 287), Adam (2008), which speak of the text types / genres. Even with many factors of literacy elicited during data analysis, all equally important, some stemming from the methodology used in the classroom, others coming from the students' own attitudes, what we observe is that repetition is the foundation of experience teaching and learning, for every speech act uses the language, while solving linguistic-discursive problems, the student structure their actions in terms of something given a priori, the language. / A presente dissertação trata da relação que há entre letramento e gêneros discursivos; busca identificar fatores de letramento advindos de práticas pedagógicas com gêneros do discurso. Parte de uma pesquisa etnográfica cujo corpus de análise se compõe de produções textuais colhidas durante toda uma prática com língua materna em curso de leitura e produção de textos, numa perspectiva de pesquisa-ação, dentro do projeto intitulado Autonomia relativa na produção de textos em diferentes contextos de ensino , sob a coordenação e orientação da Profª Dra. Rita Zozzoli. A observação e estudo que deu ensejo à escritura deste trabalho durou sete meses (de maio a novembro de 2008). Foram abordadas posições teóricas presentes em diversos autores, como: Tfouni (2004), Rameh & Araújo (org., 2006), que tratam da ligação entre letramento e alfabetização; Bazerman (2006), Bakhtin (2000), Adam (2008), os quais falam dos gêneros textuais/gêneros discursivos. Mesmo com vários fatores de letramento abordados durante a análise de dados, todos igualmente importantes, alguns com origem na metodologia utilizada em sala de aula, outros advindos das próprias atitudes dos alunos, o que observamos foi que o princípio dialógico, e mais especificamente a atitude responsiva ativa são a base sólida da experiência de ensino-aprendizagem, pois todo ato discursivo recorre à língua; enquanto resolve problemas lingüístico-discursivos, o aprendiz estrutura suas ações em termos de algo dado a priori, ao passo em que tem em vista uma possível resposta como norteada pela sua ação.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce the concept of cross-language mediation, which is well established in some countries abroad but is not widely used in the Czech environment, from various points of view. The work tries to show that cross-language mediation is an engaging, effective and interesting activity preparing the learners for real-life mediating situations employing both mother tongue and English. The work is enriching for its battery of mediation activities designed for the Czech context, mediation assessment criteria and a survey among Czech and foreign teachers summarizing their attitude towards mediation and its role in EFL lessons. KEYWORDS: cross-language mediation, translation, mother tongue in EFL teaching