This dissertation analyzes the usefulness of existing "conventional" <b>collaboration-transparency</b> systems, which permit the shared use of legacy, single-user applications. I find that conventional collaboration-transparency systems do not use network resources efficiently, and they impose an inflexible, tightly coupled style of collaboration because they do not adequately support important groupware principles: concurrent work, relaxed WYSIWIS, group awareness, and inherently collaborative tasks. This dissertation proposes and explores solutions to those deficiencies. The primary goal of this work is to maintain the benefits of collaboration transparency while relieving some of its disadvantages. To that end, I present an alternate implementation approach that provides many features previously seen only in applications specifically designed to support cooperative work, called <b>collaboration-aware</b> applications. The new approach uses a replicated architecture, in which a copy of the application resides on each user's machine, and the users' input events are broadcast to each copy. I discuss solutions to certain key problems in replicated architectures, such as maintaining consistency, unanticipated sharing, supporting late-joiners, and replicating system resources (e.g., files, sockets, and random number generators). To enhance the collaborative usability of a legacy application, the new approach <i> transparently</i> replaces selected single-user interface objects with multi-user versions at runtime. There are four requirements of an application platform needed to implement this approach: process migration, run-time object replacement, dynamic binding, and the ability to intercept and introduce low-level user input events. As an instance of this approach, I describe its incorporation into a new Java-based collaboration-transparency system, called Flexible JAMM (Java Applets Made Multi-user). This dissertation reports the results of a controlled empirical study that evaluated the usefulness of Flexible JAMM versus a representative conventional collaboration-transparency system, Microsoft NetMeeting. The results validate that Flexible JAMM meets its goals, and uncover usability problems in both systems, particularly with respect to using floor control. Additionally, the dissertation reports the results of an informal study that evaluated using Flexible JAMM as a groupware toolkit. This dissertation demonstrates that it is possible to bring collaboration transparency closer to the advantages afforded by collaboration awareness. Furthermore, the prototype system demonstrates that collaboration-aware toolkits can include multi-user versions of some standard single-user components that require no collaboration-specific programming by the toolkit user. Thus, the results of this research advance the state of the art in both collaboration-transparency systems and collaboration-aware toolkits. / Ph. D.

The fashion industry is one of the most challenging sectors for sustainable development, comprising numerous social and environmental challenges. The industry is based on a complex network of global and fragmented supply chains leading to a lack of transparency. Therefore, transparency and supply chain traceability are core priorities in order to increase the fashion supply chain visibility and enable accountability. A potential solution to this issue is the application of new technologies. Blockchain is an emerging technology that has a potential to address the current issues and make supply chain processes more transparent.The combination of the emerging blockchain technology with the concept of transparency in fashion supply chains constitutes the novelty of the research and the contribution to the current body of knowledge. The environmental and social challenges regarding transparency in fashion supply chains are analysed using the theories for Green Supply Chain Management and supply chain power structures. The study relies on interviews with blockchain professionals and industry experts in supply chains and sustainable fashion.The study finds that blockchain has the potential to become the single source of truth for the fashion supply chain and provide transparency across the supply chain. However, this advancement of transparency can only occur in a less complex fashion supply chain with a balanced power structure and more collaboration than the current standard.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur blockchain, den distribuerade ledger-tekniken, kan påverka arbetssättet för digital marknadsföring. Vårt mål är att besvara hur arbetet i digital marknadsföring ser ut idag och vilka egenskaper blockchain har som kan ändra förutsättningarna för arbetssättet inom digital marknadsföring. Genom intervjuer med tio digitala byråer har vi skapat förståelse för deras arbete och deras roll i relation till kunder och konsumenter. Resultatet från intervjuer och litteratur har visat på att de digitala byråernas arbetssätt kan förändras med blockchain genom förändrade kundrelationer och genom ett förändrat förhållande till konsumenterna. Den mest troliga adoptionen av blockchain innefattar adoption av vissa egenskaper från teknologin som kan effektivisera eller automatisera arbetet, samt ändra förutsättningarna för arbetet inom digital marknadsföring. Den stora utmaningen för adoptionen är arbetet med att flytta över tillgångar till nätverket och integrera alla användare, som både tar tid och omfattar stora kostnader. Distributionen och krypteringen av information i en blockchain skapar möjligheter för transparens, säkerhet och integritet, men ingen kan säkert veta om blockchain kommer att bli lönsamt. / This study aims to investigate how blockchain, the distributed ledger-technology, can affect the way that digital marketing operates. Our goal is to understand how the work-process in digital marketing functions today, and what characteristics blockchain has that can change the prerequisites for the digital marketing process. Through interviews with ten digital agencies, we have created an understanding of their work and their relationships with customers and consumers. The results from the interviews and literature have shown that the work of digital agencies can change the relationship with customers and consumers through blockchain. The most likely adoption of blockchain includes adoption of certain features from the technology that can streamline or automatize work, as well as change the conditions for the work in digital marketing. The major challenge for the adoption is the overall effort to move over assets to the blockchain network and integrate all users, which both takes time and includes huge costs. The distribution and encryption of information in a blockchain creates opportunities for transparency, security and integrity, but nobody knows for certain if blockchain will be profitable.

News articles generated by artificial intelligence rather than human reporters are referred to as automated journalism. This thesis explores how to create a trustworthy representation of news articles that mainly are generated by algorithmic decisions. The hypothesis of this thesis takes the background (characteristics of the underlying system design) and the foreground (millennials news consumption behaviour) contexts into consideration in order to provide an optimal approach for trustworthy representation of auto-generated articles. A theory about algorithmic transparency in the news media has been investigated to reveal information about the systems selection processes. The principles of glanceability and the heuristic principles are applied to proposed design solutions (interactive features). The outcomes show that newsreaders are positive towards a system that is trying to encourage them to fact-check the articles. Additionally, the outcomes also contributed to the understanding of how newsreaders can consume auto-generated news.

The building of the town hall Brno Kohoutovice is situated on the site next to the local hospital. Currently, there is a widespread paved area, which has become the place for markets and other cultural activities. Town hall completed urban structure, built on the most visible plot, and closes the plaza on the east side. From the south, the square is open to Kohoutovická valley. It is closed and opened at the same time by a colonnade. Functional composition is expressed in both - size and material. On a solid concrete base, which holds cultural and social events, lie two light steel boxes dedicated to the town hall. The middle part is cantilivered into the square, which symbolizes the proximity of town hall offices to the citizens. It is dedicated to the departements, which are in daily contact with the public. The upper part with large terrace has representative function. There are the internal departements and a ceremonial hall.

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The importance of transparency, reliability and credibility in Sustainability Reports in the fashion industry has increased in recent years. We as a society have become more aware of the environmental and social impact we have on the planet. The study highlights the importance of progression of communication, transparency and CSR over a five year period in Sustainability Reports. As well, analyzes short- and long term goals communicated through a Sustainability Report by three Swedish fashion companies. Furthermore, this study investigates the increasing demand for transparency that makes it crucial for companies to disclose their efforts towards sustainability in a transparent and reliable manner. It was conducted through a thematic analysis where themes within the reports were collected. The results from the study show that there has been a progression to some extent with an increase of communication regarding credibility and focus on circularity. It showcases findings of transparency, communication, and CSR principles throughout the Sustainability Reports demonstrating a positive viewpoint. The evidence of the progression shown by the three companies in their short- and long term goals in the reports strengthens the underlying theme, how there currently is limited research on the importance of examining the evolution of their sustainability claims and assesses their actual impact on the environment and society as a whole. Additionally, the study addresses the challenges fashion companies face when creating Sustainability Reports.

The use of social robots is often seen as a solution for handling future challenges such as caring for a growing population of elderly people. However, previous research has shown that robots can be perceived as threatening and for a successful implementation of robots in society we are dependent on the public’s acceptance of the technology. This thesis investigates whether transparency about robots’ lack of human-like psychological capabilities can reduce the perceived damage of robots on humans and human identity (henceforth “perceived damage”), and whether the effect of such transparency is moderated by the human-like appearance of the robot. Ninety-two study participants, randomly assigned to either a transparent or neutral condition, were presented with pictures and descriptions of four robots that varied in human-likeness. The capabilities of the robots were differently described in the two conditions, using either non-psychological (e.g., “programmed responses”) or psychological terminology (e.g., “respond in natural manner”). Participants subsequently filled in a scale measuring perceived damage. The results showed that the transparent condition was associated with lower perceived damage than the non-transparent condition for the most human-like robot. There was no significant interaction effect between transparency and human-like appearance. The findings suggest that transparency about robots' lack of human-like psychological capabilities can have a positive effect on perceived damage when the robot has a very human-like appearance. However, further research is needed to investigate whether transparency reduces perceived damage in real-world interactions with robots.

The food industry faces many challenges in its sustainability work, and consumers demand that companies in the food industry should increase their transparency. For the food industry to be more transparent, it must improve its traceability throughout the supply chain. Previous research let us know that traceability is not a new thing, but the way that new technologies such as blockchain revolutionize the way data can be communicated. Many companies have just started to use this to trace the supplies along their supply chain and are not using the data collected in the most efficient way. Therefore, this thesis presents data from two illustrative case studies to show the opportunities and challenges of using blockchain traceability technology. The opportunities show the benefits of being the first mover in the market to create new boosts for the products together with increasing consumer loyalty through more transparency. This paper also concludes that it's expensive to implement new technology in the supply chain and challenging to encourage consumers to make a local, organic, or sustainable choice despite the higher cost of the products.

Den kommunala exploateringsverksamheten driver en suboptimerad hantering av dataoch information, vilket leder till ineffektiva exploateringsprocesser. Vid genomgång avrevisionsrapporter från kommunal exploateringsverksamhet framgår brister hänförligatill data- och informationshantering. Denna interdisciplinära studie syftar till att belysahanteringen i exploateringsprocessen från initiering till genomförande. Genom att byggapå tekniska framsteg inom blockchainteknik ställs frågan om vilka effekter nämnd teknikkan möjliggöra i kommunal exploateringsverksamhet. I denna kontext är det av frågavilka förutsättningar tekniken har med utgångspunkt i gällande författning och befintligexploateringsprocess, samt vilka ekonomiska effekter detta betingar. Med grund i en förstudie om blockchainteknikens kärnattribut i kombination med enlitteraturstudie om kommunal exploateringsverksamhet och offentlig infrastruktur, utfördeskvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuobjekt var chefer för kommunala exploateringskontoroch myndigheten för digital förvaltning. En litteraturstudie om blockchainteknikenstillämpning utfördes parallellt med en rättsdogmatisk undersökning om nämnda tekniskaförutsättningar i kommunal exploateringsverksamhet. En analys av intervjuernapåvisar revisionsrapporternas iakttagna brister. Blockchaintekniken visar potential i atttillhandahålla en distribuerad databas som är transparent, tillförlitlig och säker. Detföreligger inga juridiska hinder för att tillämpa blockchainteknik. Resultatet indikeraratt kommunal exploateringsverksamhet bearbetar flera parallella uppsättningar av dataoch information kontinuerligt. Härvid kan blockchainteknik användas för att byggaen gemensam offentlig infrastruktur som tillgodoser data- och informationsförsörjninggenom exploateringsprocessen. Upprättandet av sådan infrastruktur är möjlig, men kräveren långsiktig juridisk lösning för att utse datavärdskap, ansvar, samt fördelningenav kostnader för anläggande och drift. Ett sådant arkitekurramverk med färre osäkerheter,bättre indexering och mer effektiv handläggning ger överblickbarhet, insyn ochmöjlighet att mäta förvaltningsresultat vilket kan öka värdet av kommunala exploateringstillgångar.