Cette thèse cherche à savoir dans quelle mesure une crise économique peut résulter d'une dimension particulière de la financiarisation : la gouvernance actionnariale. La financiarisation est la structuration inédite de certaines composantes des activités économiques par un système financier libéralisé à partir des années 1970. Parmi les composantes concernées figure la gestion des entreprises. Sa financiarisation consiste à réduire autant que possible les dépenses de production tout en privilégiant l’endettement comme mode de financement. L’objectif est de générer autant de revenus que possible pour l’actionnaire, sous forme de dividendes et de gains en capital. C'est pourquoi une telle gestion est qualifiée de gouvernance actionnariale. Une démarche en quatre étapes est suivie. En premier, la littérature existante est soumise à la critique. Le problème posé est généralement résolu à partir de modèles formalisant des marchés équilibrés, mais la formation de tels marchés est à peine prouvée. Ce biais n'est pas nouveau et affecte la théorie économique dans son ensemble. La résolution peut donc s’appuyer sur un modèle représentant les activités économiques sans référence à des marchés équilibrés. La seconde étape est de construire cette représentation. Cette dernière peut s’organiser autour de la monnaie, c’est-à-dire une approche monétaire des activités économiques. Ces dernières sont saisies à partir des paiements interdépendants rendus possibles par l’utilisation de la monnaie, en tant qu'unité d'expression des paiements et moyen de les effectuer. Les paiements sont mis en relation avec trois composantes : i) le mode d’émission de moyens de paiement, typiquement le crédit bancaire ; ii) le règlement des déficits résultant des paiements (crédits bancaires non totalement remboursés, faute d'avoir enregistré suffisamment de paiements) ; et iii) la modification des paiements d'une période à l'autre par les agents, afin de les ajuster à leurs objectifs et contraintes. Ces modifications produisent une évolution du réseau de paiements formé à chaque période.La troisième étape est de modéliser un réseau de paiements en évolution. Un système d’équations non-linéaires de récurrence détermine chaque paiement parmi une typologie préalablement établi, ainsi que son mode de financement. Le système détermine aussi le règlement des déficits résultant des paiements. Les multiples récurrences produisent l’évolution. Le tout est saisi en faisant abstraction des biens et des phénomènes afférents, conformément à une approche monétaire. La quatrième étape est de mobiliser le modèle pour résoudre le problème. La crise peut être le résultat de l'évolution elle-même. Des agents modifiant leurs paiements peuvent conduire d’autres agents à enregistrer des déficits. Le réseau de paiements peut donc évoluer de manière à ce que des entreprises soient insolvables. Les faillites subséquentes peuvent être en nombre suffisant pour diminuer la production et de l'emploi, d’où la crise économique. Une telle évolution est définie comme non-viable. Savoir si la gouvernance actionnariale est un facteur de crise revient donc à savoir si la gouvernance actionnariale implique une évolution non-viable du réseau de paiements. Des simulations numériques sont effectuées, avec notamment des sous-configurations de paramètres associées à une plus ou moins grande diffusion de la gouvernance actionnariale parmi les entreprises. Le modèle produit le résultat général suivant : soit la gouvernance actionnariale génère une crise, soit elle rapproche de cette situation, soit la crise se produit indépendamment de la gouvernance actionnariale. Ce résultat vaut quel que soit le degré de diffusion de cette gouvernance parmi les entreprises. Ce résultat vaut également en l'absence d'épargne et avec l'endettement des salariés, contrairement aux modèles déjà existants mais sujets au biais conceptuel relatif à la formation des marchés équilibrés. / The aim of this dissertation is to know to what extent an economic crisis can result from a specific dimension of financialization: the search for shareholder value by firms. Financialization is the unprecedented influences of financial systems over some components of the economic activities after the liberalization of such systems since the 1970s. Among the aforesaid components we can find the management of firms. Such management is shaped so that production expenditures are lowered as much as possible while priority is given to debt for financing decisions. The objective is to create as much 'shareholder value' as possible, to wit, to create as much income as possible for shareholders. The dissertation unfolds in four steps. First, a critical survey is made. The problem is generally solved by means of models putting into equations equilibrated markets. However, the convergence to equilibrium is barely proved. This logical inconsistency is not new and affects economic theory as a whole. Thus, solving the problem can be based on a model which conceptualizes the economic activities without referring to equilibrated markets. The second step is to elaborate on such conceptualization. A possibility is to account for the economic activities on the basis of money, thus giving rise to a monetary approach of these activities. The emphasis is put on the interrelated payments made possible by the use of money, the latter being the unit for payments to be expressed and the means through which payments are made. Payments are conceptualized in relation with three components: i) the process that creates means of payment, generally bank credit; ii) the settlement of negative balances (some agents cannot fully repay their debts as they do not benefit from enough payments); and iii) the modification of payments by agents from one period to another, according to their objectives and constraints. These modifications lead the network of payments to evolve over time. The third step is to put into equations an evolving network of payments in order to solve the problem. A system of non-linear recurrence equations determine all payments from a typology elaborated beforehand, as well as the financing of them. The system also determines the settlement of the negatives balances which result from payments. The numerous recurrences give rise to evolution. The whole system abstracts from goods and the related phenomena, in accordance with the monetary approach. The fourth step is to use the model for the problem to be solved. An economic crisis can be the result of the evolution per se. Agents which periodically change their payments can lead other agents to record negative balances. Thus, the network of payments can evolve in such a way that some firms are insolvent. The subsequent bankruptcies can be large enough to decrease production and employment, as in an economic crisis. In that case, the evolution of the network of payments is defined as non-viable. To know if the search for shareholder value leads to an economic crisis thus amounts to know if the search for shareholder value leads to a non-viable evolution of the network of payments. Numerical simulations are made, notably with the configurations of parameters that are associated to a more or less search for shareholder value by firms. The model leads to the following general result: either the search for shareholder value results in an economic crisis, either it moves the economic activities closer to a crisis, either the latter occurs irrespective of the search for shareholder value. This result applies whether management is totally oriented by shareholder value or only a few. This result also applies without savings and with the indebtedness of wage-earners, contrary to the models of the survey; however they fail due to the difficulties to prove the formation of their equilibrated markets.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T13:40:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1279042 bytes, checksum: 426954acc0c09687bc9d876edb097898 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T13:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1279042 bytes, checksum: 426954acc0c09687bc9d876edb097898 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is focused on the transformations undergone by the Spanish economy over the second half of the twentieth century and the first decade of this century, there included the 2008 crisis is analyzed as the process of economic integration of Spain, which had as dynamic pole of the real estate development impacted on the level of employment and income. Highlight the consequences that such a model resulted on the competitive dynamics of the country, causing greater vulnerability to economic crises. The paper points out that the construction industry spent over decades, as the sector that received government incentives since the period of Franco's dictatorship to the great crisis of 2008 In addition to these facts, it highlighted the importance of the financial sector served to deepen this model of development, to promote conditions conducive to the acquisition of homes by households, creating an innovative process that enabled converting the appreciation of property prices in liquidity for consumption. To enhance the level of employment was associated with the performance of the construction sector, an econometric estimation was carried out to verify this behavior for the period 1996 to 2012 The analysis is grounded in keynesian minskyana and theoretical approach. / Este trabalho tem como tema central as transformações sofridas pela economia espanhola ao longo da segunda metade do século XX e a primeira década do século XXI, aí incluída a crise de 2008. Analisa-se como o processo de integração econômica da Espanha, que teve como polo dinâmico do desenvolvimento o setor imobiliário repercutiu sobre o nível de emprego e renda. Destacam-se as consequências que tal modelo resultou sobre a dinâmica competitiva do país, ocasionando maior vulnerabilidade às crises econômicas. O trabalho ressalta que o setor da construção civil passou, ao longo de décadas, como sendo o setor que mais recebeu incentivos governamentais desde o período da ditadura franquista até a grande crise de 2008. Além desses fatos, é destacada a importância que o setor financeiro exerceu para o aprofundamento deste modelo de desenvolvimento, ao promover condições propícias para a aquisição de vivendas por parte das famílias, gerando um processo inovador que possibilitou converter a valorização dos preços dos imóveis em liquidez para o consumo. Para reforçar como o nível de emprego estava associado ao desempenho do setor da construção civil, foi realizado uma estimação econométrica para verificar tal comportamento para o período de 1996 até 2012. A análise está assentada na abordagem teórica keynesina e minskyana.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 893029 bytes, checksum: 43402e6688dff527d2cff38eb298de03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims at presenting the productive and innovative dynamic of the Productive and Innovative Local Arrangement and Systems (ASPILs), focusing on the ASPILs of the northeast of Brazil. In this research, it was used the model of the evolutionary theory based on the concept of National System of Innovation that generated the concept of ASPIL. Thus the dynamic of the arrangements of the northeast of Brazil is presented by using the typology developed by Cavalcanti Filho (2011) that aims at separating the productive arrangements and systems from the functional and structural variables that exist on the productive and innovative dynamic of the arrangements and its variations having as base the systemic character of the economic system as well as the political and cultural dimension that have influence the arrangements dynamic. Among the selected cases, it was noticed the presence of two systems e 14 productive arrangements that are most of times dynamically dependent on the systems located outside their territory having as the most important lack of efficiency the innovative and financial dimensions. On the other hand, the systems and arrangements that are dynamic have in general the local culture as the driving force for innovation. Despite having productive and commercial dimensions present in the territory, the dimensions have fragilities that come not only from the deficiency of the innovative and financial dimension but also from cultural and historical formation of the region that has strong influence on the dynamic arrangement. It was observed the need of policies for a better interaction between the actors present in the arrangements with the strengthening of the knowledge of the agents with the objective of strengthening the innovative dimension as well as driving budget lines that are integrated with the arrangement characteristics. / Esta dissertação tem como tema central o mundo do trabalho em seus múltiplos elementos, isto é, as formas de organização da produção e do processo de trabalho, as alterações nas condições de realização desse processo, e seus reflexos no mercado de força de trabalho e no modo de vida da classe trabalhadora. Analisam-se os impactos da crise econômica sobre o mundo do trabalho e como as transformações provocadas pelos planos de reestruturação produtiva, por ela ensejados, alteram a realidade econômica dos indivíduos, particularmente daqueles que vivem da venda da força de trabalho. O desenvolvimento econômico capitalista, caracterizado pelas crises periódicas de superprodução, tem levado ao surgimento de formas de organização da produção cada vez mais flexíveis, que permitem o rápido ajuste da produção, em resposta as oscilações ocorridas na demanda, com o movimento cíclico das economias. Observa-se que, em geral, isto tem como consequência uma piora gradativa nas condições de trabalho e um aceleramento no ritmo de vida das pessoas. Este processo é marcado, de um lado, por uma espécie de desregulamentação tácita dos direitos dos trabalhadores e perda de representatividade dos sindicatos, enquanto entidade portadora de interesses comuns de classe, e do outro lado, pelo encurtamento do tempo livre e prolongamento do tempo de trabalho, fora do seu ambiente natural. Este processo econômico está aprofundando as contradições da sociedade capitalista e criando um cenário complexo no mundo do trabalho.

My thesis includes two major parts ? theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part based on the literary resources focused on this economical part. This part explains some terms related to the labor market and unemployment, e.g. work, jobs, unemployment including its sorts and indicators, governance activities to reduction of unemployment, etc. Practical part, specialized on the situation of the region ?Táborsko?. This part is more extensive and involves following major points: o specification of the region ?Táborsko? o analysis of the labour market and unemployment in this region o questionnaire with unemployed people o discussion.

The obejctive of my diploma paper is to determinate negative impact of economic depression on particular company by using strategic management methods and procedures, then on the basis of all analysis set down risks and strategic alternatives which would lead to risks elimination or its impact mitigation. To meet this target I analysed the company by means of chosen strategic management methods. I used following methods in my thesis: STEP analysis, Porter's model, level of turbulence model, financial analysis, SWOT analysis, scenario metod etc.

abstract: The economic crisis in 2008 triggered a global financial shockwave that left many wondering about the origins of the crisis. Similarly, in the early twentieth century, Wall Street faced catastrophic losses that set the stage for the Great Depression, which resulted in a decade of economic depression, leaving millions of people out of work. Using discourse analysis to understand how economic crisis is framed through the mainstream press, this research project analyzed the stock market crash of 1929-1932 and the mortgage-backed financial crisis of 2007-2009 through the lens of two mainstream publications, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. Comparative analysis focused on explanations for the causes of the crises, attributions of blame, culprits, and proposed solutions emerging in news coverage of the 1929 panic and the 2007-2009 financial crises. Mainstream media accounts of the 2007-2009 crisis are then compared with `alternative media' accounts of crisis causes, culprits, and solutions. These comparative analyses are contextualized historically within economic paradigms of thought, beginning with the classical economists led by Adam Smith and transitioning to the Chicago School. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Communication Studies 2013

This thesis follows a research at the Mineralogy and Petrology Museum of the University of Athens (Greece). The purpose of the research is to examine how digital technologies can support museums in attracting new visitors during the economic crisis, and provide design suggestions. The research was conducted under the interpretive paradigm using the ethnographic methodology and the participatory design approach. The staff, volunteers and artists related to the museum participated in interviews, thinking aloud sessions and a workshop. In addition, several observations were conducted during guided tours of visitors. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings provided themes of identified issues and opportunities concerning the implementation of digital technologies in the museum, such as the underlying policies of the University of Athens, the role of the museum in society, material in the collections that attracts visitors, the importance of the staff in guided tours and the technologies currently being used. Suggestions were put forward during the workshop and were elaborated later on. The thesis aspires to contribute to studies that concern the sustainability of cultural establishments that are being afflicted by the economic crisis currently veils Europe.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-01-26T13:50:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luíza Lima Araújo.pdf: 1127807 bytes, checksum: bb1262e732eddaa4e7d82ee7be91ff43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T13:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luíza Lima Araújo.pdf: 1127807 bytes, checksum: bb1262e732eddaa4e7d82ee7be91ff43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-28 / The number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the offer of undergraduate courses have grown in Brazil. The pharmaceutical market contemplates wide action in areas as drugstores, pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, pharmaceutical industries, food industries, research, clinical pharmacy, and clinical analysis, among others. The curriculum guidelines for pharmaceutical education demand students are trained to work in all areas of their profession. The aim of this study were research which are the opportunities and working fields for pharmacists in the market in São Paulo, until two years after the conclusion of the course of pharmacy, and what are the students’ perception about their future insertion or perspective of the labor market. The results show that the area that absorbed the most of the graduates was drugstore (32,4%), despite only 12,5% of students are willing to be included in this area. The insertion speed at the labor market was considered fast, in until six months, by around 60% of the pharmacists and it is expected to be fast by around 80% of the students. The pharmaceutical area is one of the few that keeps growing even during Brazilian economic and political crisis period. / O número de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e da oferta de cursos de graduação têm crescido no Brasil. O mercado farmacêutico contempla ampla atuação em áreas como drogaria, farmácia de manipulação, farmácia hospitalar, indústria farmacêutica, indústria alimentícia, pesquisa, farmácia clínica, análises clínicas, entre outras. As diretrizes curriculares para a formação dos farmacêuticos determinam que os alunos sejam capacitados para atuar em todas as áreas da profissão. O objetivo deste estudo foi pesquisar quais as oportunidades e campo de trabalho para os profissionais farmacêuticos no mercado na Grande São Paulo, até dois anos após a conclusão do curso de farmácia e qual a percepção dos alunos do curso de farmácia sobre a futura inserção ou perspectiva do mercado de trabalho. Os resultados apontam que a área que mais absorveu os egressos recém-formados foi a drogaria (32,4%), a despeito de apenas 12,5% dos graduandos desejarem se inserir nessa área de atuação. A velocidade de inserção no mercado de trabalho foi considerada rápida, em até seis meses, por cerca de 60% dos egressos e é esperado que seja rápida por cerca de 80% dos graduandos. A área farmacêutica é uma das poucas áreas que continua crescendo mesmo durante o período de crise política e econômica do país.

A presente dissertação trata das relações entre os momentos críticos da economia e os usos e adaptações do direito econômico no contexto de crise. Como recorte específico, estudou-se a influência da crise econômica brasileira da década de 1980 sobre a cultura jurídica, em especial sobre o pensamento jurídico que se ocupou do direito econômico. No primeiro capítulo, o direito econômico é apresentado em sua dimensão histórica, ressaltando como fases de crise contribuíram para sua formação doutrinária e legislativa. Adiante, são mostradas manifestações do direito econômico no Brasil entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, antes da consolidação científica da área, de forma a evidenciar as respostas dos juristas às transformações e adversidades da economia nacional em um período marcado pelo crescimento da atuação do Estado no domínio econômico. Já no capítulo derradeiro, em conjunto com uma análise panorâmica da economia brasileira durante as décadas de 1970 e 1990, são apresentadas manifestações de juristas acerca de temas vinculados à crise econômica nacional, utilizando-se como divisões do texto as formas institucionais sugeridas pela escola regulacionista. / This dissertation links the critical moments of the economy and the uses and adaptations of the economic law in the context of crisis. As specific focus, we studied the influence of the Brazilian economic crisis of the 1980s on the legal culture, particularly on the legal thinking concerning the economic law. In the first chapter, the economic law is presented in its historical dimension, emphasizing how periods of crisis contributed to its doctrinal and legislative development. Following this line, we demonstrate manifestations of economic law in Brazil between the 1930s and 1960s, before the scientific consolidation of the area, in order to show the answers of lawyers and legal scholars to the changes and adversitys of the national economy in a period marked by the growth of state action in the economic domain. In the last chapter, together with an overview of the Brazilian economy during the 1970s and 1990s, we present legal topics related to the national economic crisis, using as text divisions the institutional forms suggested by the regulation school.

Após o período de abertura comercial ocorrido a partir de 1990, tem-se observado um amplo movimento de reestruturação produtiva no país, com implicações econômicas, sociais e espaciais. No Médio Vale do Itajaí, estas modificações também vêm sendo observadas. Desta forma, a pesquisa procurou detectar as causas, avaliar as conseqüências, principalmente do ponto de vista de uma nova organização produtiva do espaço. Como agente principal desse processo, considerou-se a grande empresa têxtil. Para tanto, procedeu-se a um amplo levantamento de informações junto as principais empresas têxteis e do vestuário da região em consideração, que posteriormente foram agregadas com o intuito de permitir estabelecer algumas conclusões, a respeito do que efetivamente vinha ocorrendo. Além disso, análises considerando-se as grandes empresas também foram realizadas. Dentre as principais informações que se levantou estão a produção individual das empresas, que foram agregas, dados referente aos níveis de empregos, exportações, importações, etc. Além das informações de natureza quantitativa, procurou-se também levantar informações de natureza qualitativa, que devidamente consideradas, permitiram estabelecer as causas determinantes do processo de reestruturação produtiva observado na região. Como ponto de partida do processo de mudanças no cotidiano das grandes empresas, contestou-se a tese que atribuía a abertura comercial papel preponderante como nas transformações espaciais e econômicas que ocorreram na região. Propõe-se uma análise considerando-se a queda da rentabilidade do capital como causa determinante do processo. Desta forma, dado a natureza do tipo de atividade, ou seja, a têxtil vestuarista, constatou-se de que o processo de reestruturação, além de implicar em fortes investimentos tecnológicos, envolveu também a desverticalizaçao da produção, na sua forma de terceirização, implicando, portanto, numa dimensão espacial do processo. Além de forte desemprego num primeiro momento, fruto de uma reorganização da produção em nível de cada empresa, houve também desativações de linhas de produtos, criação de novos produtos, bem como uma forte flexibilização das relações capital trabalho, com implicações significativas sobre os salários pagos na região. Após esse amplo ajuste ocorrido, verificou-se um crescimento ainda maior nos níveis de produção, não obstante as importações ainda estivessem ocorrendo, apontando claramente de que o processo não tinha nenhuma correlação. Paralelamente a uma maior introdução de novas tecnologias, na sua forma de máquinas e equipamentos mais modernos, observa-se também o resgate de antigas formas de organização da produção, como o trabalho a domicilio, evidenciando que o processo de modernização, neste caso em particular, não pode prescindir de utilizar-se de expedientes que já eram considerados como arcaicos, ultrapassados. O capital, na sua busca por intensificar a mais valia, visando ampliar a acumulação, não deixa de recorrer a antigas técnicas e expedientes quando lhe for conveniente. Diante disto, o fenômeno da reestruturação produtiva ocorrido na região implicou numa ampla reestruturação do espaço, incorporando, via forte terceirização de partes do processo, principalmente a parte de costura, novas regiões produtivas, algumas das quais muito distantes do Médio vale do Itajaí. / After the commercial opening period in the 1990s, it was noticed a wide movement to restructure production in the country that brought implications to the economic, social and space fields. In the Médio Vale of Itajaí this modifications have also been observed mainly from a point of view of a new spatial productive organization. The big textile business is considered the main agent of this process. A broad survey was carried on in order to get information from the main clothing and textile companies from this region. Besides that, analyses of the big companies were also done. Among the most important information taken it can be seen individual production of the companies as well as data related to the levels of job, imports, exports, etc. Quantitative and qualitative information were used which allowed establishing the determinant causes of the process of productive restructure observed in the region. As a starting point of the changing process in the routine of the big companies, the thesis that the commercial opening played a preponderant role in the spatial and economic transformations of the region was contested. An analyses considering the fall of the capital profitability as a determinant cause of the process was instead proposed. This way, given the nature of this kind of activity, clothing textile, it was observed that the restructure process, besides leading to significant technological investments, involved also the desverticalization of the production, which means outsourcing, influencing, therefore, the spatial dimension of the process. As a result, unemployment could be seen, because of the production reorganization of each company as well as the cutting of some production lines, the creation of new products, and a strong flexibilization of the capital-work relations, with significant implications over the region salaries. After this broad adjustment, a bigger grow in the level of production was verified, although the imports were still present, pointing clearly to the fact that the process had no correlation. Parallel to a bigger introduction of new technologies, in the form of more modern machinery and equipment, it was observed the return to old ways of organization production, as the work at home, fact that put into evidence that the modernization process, in this specific case, cannot avoid using devices considered old-fashioned. The capital, in its search for intensifying the best value, focusing in broadening the accumulation, uses old techniques and devices whenever convenient. Thus the productive restructure of the region implied in a wide spatial restructuration, with the outsourcing of some parts of the process, mainly sewing, new productive regions, including some of them far from the Médio Vale do Itajaí.