During the search for a thesis topic, the researchers established contact with a civil servant at Växjö Municipality in Sweden who introduced them to the prospective project of the Reuse Village as part of the city’s waste management plan to enhance circular economy. Hence, the researchers’ purpose for this thesis is to explore the determined values and stakeholders’ involvement linked to the engagement of entrepreneurs towards a circular economy. Moreover, a thorough explanation of the literature review is conducted including the environmental, economic and social sustainability, in addition to the entrepreneurial and stakeholders’ involvement and the different sustainable oriented entrepreneurs and the values that could possibly influence the entrepreneurs. The researchers used mixed research methods that comprise of qualitative interviews, secondary research, and case studies based on documentary secondary data to give a deeper explanation of the stakeholders and entrepreneurial involvement and show their position in the field of circular economy especially in the Reuse Village project. The main findings of the thesis elaborate more on the importance of circular economy that governments and local municipalities are pushing for. The outcome presents the directions that stakeholders lean towards, regarding the Reuse Village, and shows how the relationship between the stakeholders plays a major role in the progress of the notion of circular economy.

abstract: This dissertation examines cultural understandings and lived realities of entrepreneurship across South Africa’s economic landscape, comparing the experiences of Cape Town’s Black entrepreneurs in under-resourced townships to those of White entrepreneurs in the wealthy, high finance business district. Based on 13 months of participant observation and interviews with 60 entrepreneurs, I find major differences between these groups of entrepreneurs, which I explain in three independent analyses that together form this dissertation. The first analysis examines the entrepreneurial motivations of Black entrepreneurs in Khayelitsha, Cape Town’s largest township. This analysis gives insight into expressed cultural values of entrepreneurship beyond a priori neoliberal analytical frameworks. The second analysis compares the material resources that Black entrepreneurs in Khayelitsha and White entrepreneurs in downtown Cape Town require for their businesses, and the mechanisms through which they secure these resources. This analysis demonstrates how historical structures of economic inequality affect entrepreneurial strategies. The third analysis assesses the non-material obstacles and challenges that both Black entrepreneurs in Khayelitsha and White entrepreneurs in wealthy areas of downtown Cape Town face in initiating their business ventures. This analysis highlights the importance of cultural capital to entrepreneurship and explains how non-material obstacles differ for entrepreneurs in different positions of societal power. Taken together, my findings contribute to two long-established lines of anthropological scholarship on entrepreneurship: (1) the moral values and understandings of entrepreneurship, and (2) the strategies and practices of entrepreneurship. I demonstrate the need to expand anthropological understandings of entrepreneurship to better theorize diverse economies, localized understandings and values of entrepreneurship, and the relationship of entrepreneurship to notions of economic justice. Yet, through comparative analysis I also demonstrate that diverse and localized values of entrepreneurship must be considered within the context of societal power structures; such context allows scholars to assess if and how diverse entrepreneurial values have the potential to make broad-scale social and/or cultural change. As such, I argue for the importance of putting these two streams of anthropological research into conversation with one another in order to gain a more holistic understanding of the relationship between the cultural meanings and the practices of entrepreneurship. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar valores econômicos para características componentes de índices de seleção em bovinos de corte na fase de cria. Os dados produtivos analisados foram simulados e representativos de sistemas de produção que fazem uso dos programas de melhoramento genético animal. Os valores de custos e receitas aplicados foram coletados de empresas ligadas ao setor econômico da pecuária de corte nacional. As características assumidas como critérios de seleção, para as quais estimaram-se valores econômicos, foram: probabilidade de prenhez aos 14 meses (PP14), habilidade de permanência (HP) e peso a desmama (PD). Para a estimação de valores econômicos, foi aplicada a metodologia de Modelo Bioeconômico, a qual estima o lucro adicional a partir da alteração no desempenho produtivo da característica de influência genética, enquanto mantendo constante todas as demais variáveis analisadas. O valor econômico da PP14 foi de R$0,71 por percentual de prenhez, avaliado por novilha e de R$1,16 por kg bezerro(a) desmamado, para a característica de PD. Os valores econômicos da HP, avaliados por vaca, foram de R$1,37, R$1,87, R$2,37 e R$2,87, considerando-se o custo de compra da novilha a R$450,00, R$500,00, R$550,00 e R$600,00, respectivamente. Os resultados econômicos obtidos foram padronizados para o valor genético-econômico, medida resultante do produto entre o desvio padrão genético aditivo da característica e o respectivo valor econômico. A HP, apesar de, em valores absolutos, ser a característica de maior importância econômica para o sistema produtivo analisado, apresenta o valor genético-econômico inferior em relação às características de PP14 e PD, as quais têm maior herdabilidade e variabilidade genética. O valor genético-econômico da soma das características PP14 e HP foi maior do que PD, sugerindo serem as características de fertilidade as mais economicamente importantes para o sistema produtivo simulado, específico ao comércio de bezerros desmamados para o mercado. / The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for component of selection indexes in beef cattle herds during suckling phase. Analyzed productive data was simulated and representative of production systems assisted by breeding program. Values of costs and incomes were collected from companies related to the economical study of national cattle raising. Selection criteria, for which economic values was estimated, were: heifer pregnancy at 14 months (PP14), stayability (HP) and weight weaning (PD).) The methodology of Bioeconomic Model was applied to estimation of economic values (VE). This methodology estimates the impact in the profit from the alteration in performance for each trait of genetic influence, keeping constant all the others variables analyzed. The VE for PP14 was R$0.71 for percentage of heifer pregnant, evaluated for heifer, and R$1.16 for kg of calves weaned analyzed for PD. The VE of the HP, analyzed for cow, were R$1.37, R$1.87, R$2.37 and R$2.87 considering the heifer cost purchase of R$450.00, R$500.00, R$550.00 and R$600.00, respectively. The VE were standardized for the genetic-economic value, result of multiplication of additive genetic standard deviation of the trait by respective VE. Although HP, in absolute values, was the trait of larger economic importance to the analyzed productive system, it presents inferior genetic-economic value compared PP14 and PD. This inversion is due to greater heritability and genetic variability of PP14 and PD. The genetic-economic value of the PP14 and HP together, was more important than WW, showing that the traits of fertility are the most economically important for this simulated productive system, specific to the commerce of calves weaned for the market.

This study employs ethnographic research to investigate the extent to which local governance affects both poverty and natural resources management in the Delta region. The research develops a framework for governance of natural resources to understand the daily practices of different actors within the local context using informal observation and interviews. In applying the framework, the study places emphasis on resources for governance, actors' agency, arrangements of access to resources and governance outcomes in the Delta region. Evidence from the study shows that while the state and corporate actors only contextualise resources in terms of economic value, local actors interprete resources beyond economic value to incorporate symbolic and socio-culturally constructed values linked with historic values. The study also identified relational, routine practices and structural factors which differently shape actors' agency for resources management. The context which shapes different arrangements of access to local resources by actors varies. These arrangements are subject to negotiation, power differences and socio-cultural factors. The findings related to governance outcomes reveal both positive (favourable) and negative (unfavourable) outcomes for the livelihood of different actors. The study concludes by exploring implications for local governance in order to address poverty and enhance optimal resource management in the Delta region.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar valores econômicos para características componentes de índices de seleção em bovinos de corte na fase de cria. Os dados produtivos analisados foram simulados e representativos de sistemas de produção que fazem uso dos programas de melhoramento genético animal. Os valores de custos e receitas aplicados foram coletados de empresas ligadas ao setor econômico da pecuária de corte nacional. As características assumidas como critérios de seleção, para as quais estimaram-se valores econômicos, foram: probabilidade de prenhez aos 14 meses (PP14), habilidade de permanência (HP) e peso a desmama (PD). Para a estimação de valores econômicos, foi aplicada a metodologia de Modelo Bioeconômico, a qual estima o lucro adicional a partir da alteração no desempenho produtivo da característica de influência genética, enquanto mantendo constante todas as demais variáveis analisadas. O valor econômico da PP14 foi de R$0,71 por percentual de prenhez, avaliado por novilha e de R$1,16 por kg bezerro(a) desmamado, para a característica de PD. Os valores econômicos da HP, avaliados por vaca, foram de R$1,37, R$1,87, R$2,37 e R$2,87, considerando-se o custo de compra da novilha a R$450,00, R$500,00, R$550,00 e R$600,00, respectivamente. Os resultados econômicos obtidos foram padronizados para o valor genético-econômico, medida resultante do produto entre o desvio padrão genético aditivo da característica e o respectivo valor econômico. A HP, apesar de, em valores absolutos, ser a característica de maior importância econômica para o sistema produtivo analisado, apresenta o valor genético-econômico inferior em relação às características de PP14 e PD, as quais têm maior herdabilidade e variabilidade genética. O valor genético-econômico da soma das características PP14 e HP foi maior do que PD, sugerindo serem as características de fertilidade as mais economicamente importantes para o sistema produtivo simulado, específico ao comércio de bezerros desmamados para o mercado. / The objective of the present study was to estimate economic values for component of selection indexes in beef cattle herds during suckling phase. Analyzed productive data was simulated and representative of production systems assisted by breeding program. Values of costs and incomes were collected from companies related to the economical study of national cattle raising. Selection criteria, for which economic values was estimated, were: heifer pregnancy at 14 months (PP14), stayability (HP) and weight weaning (PD).) The methodology of Bioeconomic Model was applied to estimation of economic values (VE). This methodology estimates the impact in the profit from the alteration in performance for each trait of genetic influence, keeping constant all the others variables analyzed. The VE for PP14 was R$0.71 for percentage of heifer pregnant, evaluated for heifer, and R$1.16 for kg of calves weaned analyzed for PD. The VE of the HP, analyzed for cow, were R$1.37, R$1.87, R$2.37 and R$2.87 considering the heifer cost purchase of R$450.00, R$500.00, R$550.00 and R$600.00, respectively. The VE were standardized for the genetic-economic value, result of multiplication of additive genetic standard deviation of the trait by respective VE. Although HP, in absolute values, was the trait of larger economic importance to the analyzed productive system, it presents inferior genetic-economic value compared PP14 and PD. This inversion is due to greater heritability and genetic variability of PP14 and PD. The genetic-economic value of the PP14 and HP together, was more important than WW, showing that the traits of fertility are the most economically important for this simulated productive system, specific to the commerce of calves weaned for the market.

This study employs ethnographic research to investigate the extent to which local governance affects both poverty and natural resources management in the Delta region. The research develops a framework for governance of natural resources to understand the daily practices of different actors within the local context using informal observation and interviews. In applying the framework, the study places emphasis on resources for governance, actors¿ agency, arrangements of access to resources and governance outcomes in the Delta region. Evidence from the study shows that while the state and corporate actors only contextualise resources in terms of economic value, local actors interprete resources beyond economic value to incorporate symbolic and socio-culturally constructed values linked with historic values. The study also identified relational, routine practices and structural factors which differently shape actors¿ agency for resources management. The context which shapes different arrangements of access to local resources by actors varies. These arrangements are subject to negotiation, power differences and socio-cultural factors. The findings related to governance outcomes reveal both positive (favourable) and negative (unfavourable) outcomes for the livelihood of different actors. The study concludes by exploring implications for local governance in order to address poverty and enhance optimal resource management in the Delta region.

Résoudre la crise climatique est un défi intrinsèquement économique. Il s'agit d'inventer une nouvelle économie, moins dépendante des énergies fossiles et capable, face à l'attrait de l'immédiat, de défendre suffisamment les intérêts des générations futures. Partant de ce constat, cette étude repose sur l'idée qu'une réponse normative crédible face aux changements climatiques ne peut passer que par un droit qui soit axé sur la promotion de la transition énergétique et qui garantisse une articulation équilibrée entre les préoccupations économiques de court terme et les préoccupations, à plus long terme, liées à la préservation du climat. L'étude de La prise en compte des aspects économiques du défi climatique dans le régime juridique international du climat vise à déterminer l'importance que les membres du système multilatéral de lune contre les changements climatiques accordent à la nécessité de promouvoir la transition énergétique et d'encadrer l'expression des préoccupations économiques nationales dans le cadre de leur coopération. Fondée sur une analyse de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques, du Protocole de Kyoto et de leur droit dérivé, cette recherche démontre la portée limitée des outils élaborés pour réformer les modes de développement ainsi que le haut niveau de protection que la norme internationale garantit aux intérêts économiques immédiats des États. Elle démontre également que la coopération climatique multilatérale tend désormais à être marquée par un mouvement de renationalisation des questions relatives à la promotion de la transition énergétique et à l'articulation des valeurs économiques et environnementales. / Tackling climate change is indisputably an economic challenge. It requires a shift towards a new kind of economy Jess dependent on fossil fuel, and capable to protect the interests of future generations. Given that context, it thus appears essential that international climate policies mainly focus on promoting energy transition and maintaining a balanced approach between short-term economic interests and longer-term benefits associated with mitigating climate change. Based on this assumption, the thesis questions the importance granted by members of the UN climate change regime to the need of setting rules that favor a low-carbon growth model and regulate the pursue of immediate national economic interests. Through a detailed analysis of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol and their law-making process, this study first underlines the limited scope of the international tools (such as market mechanisms) specifically designed by member States to promote a low-carbon economy. It also demonstrates that international climate rules ensure to all member States a high level of protection of their national short-term economic interests. Finally, the thesis shows that UN climate cooperation now tends to be characterized by a movement of renationalization of issues related to the promotion of energy transition and the articulation of economic and environmental values.

I studien undersöktes hur det dagliga ledarskapet inom offentliga verksamheter tar sig uttryck i relation till det offentliga styrningsidealet samt hur detta kan förstås i relation till chefsnivå. Studien tog sitt stöd ur teoretiska aspekter i form av vårt offentliga etos, styrning ledning och chefsnivåer. Studien har genomförts med semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer där det målstyrda urvalet bestod av fyra institutionella chefer samt fyra administrativa chefer. Resultatet påvisa tendenser till både likheter och skillnader vad gäller arbetet med styrningsideal inom offentlig förvaltning i förhållande till chefsnivå. Detta diskuteras och kan förstås genom att det råder olika logiker beroende chefsnivå. Bifynd upptäcktes även i form av att arbetet med styrningsideal kan bero på vilken verksamhetspraktik organisationen verkar inom. Slutsatsen är således att arbetet med styrningsideal är komplext inom offentliga verksamheter men där demokrativärden generellt tenderar att vara det primära. / The purpose of this study is to explore the daily leadership within public administration concerning control ideas and how it can be understood and seen from a managerial level. The thesis bases its conclusions on theoretical aspects such as our public ethos, control management and managerial level. The thesis derives from eight semi-structured qualitative interviews which of the goal-oriented selection consists of four institutional managers and four administrative managers. The result of the study identifies trends such as similarities and differences in terms of control ideas within public administration concerning the managerial level. Furthermore, the results are discussed and can be understood in terms of that different logics are depending on managerial level. The thesis also finds incidental findings which are that control ideas also can depend on which business internship it operates within. The study concludes that the work with governance ideals is a complex topic within public administrations however, democratic values tend to be the primary focus.

Η συγκεκριμένη μελέτη, διερευνά εκτενώς τις αξίες στα Νεοελληνικά αναγνώσματα εξαταξίου Γυμνασίου περιόδου 1940-1950, το θεματικό και ιδεολογικό περιεχόμενο τους, σε μια ιδιαίτερη ιστορικό-πολιτική φάση της πολεμικής και μεταπολεμικής Ελλάδας. Η έρευνα έδειξε ότι ανάλογα με τις πολιτικές και θρησκευτικές συνθήκες στα Νεοελληνικά αναγνώσματα έμπαιναν κείμενα που αποσκοπούσαν στην προαγωγή των σκοπών που επεδίωκε η πολιτική κατάσταση. Η εσωτερίκευση αξιών ήταν επιλεκτική για να υπηρετηθούν οι εκάστοτε σκοποί της εξουσίας. Αξίες που βοηθούν στη πολιτικοποίηση όχι στη κομματικοποίηση δεν προωθούνται σε αυτά τα κείμενα. Παρατηρούμε ότι το σύστημα αξιών της περιόδου αυτής είναι μια σύνθεση εθνικών, θρησκευτικών και ηθικών αξιών. Ο κεντρικός θεματικός πυρήνας των κειμένων παραμένει σχετικά σταθερός, με βασικό άξονα προσανατολισμού την πατρίδα, τους Ελληνικούς τόπους, τη φύση, τη θρησκεία και την οικογένεια. Το αξιολογικό περιεχόμενο στα αναγνωστικά της περιόδου αυτής επικεντρώνεται στην προβολή κυρίως εθνικών, θρησκευτικών και ηθικών αξιών. Εμφανίζει περισσότερο έναν εθνοκεντρικό, παραδοσιακό και συντηρητικό προσανατολισμό αξιών, που ανταποκρίνεται στη συντηρητική υφή της κυρίαρχης ιδεολογίας της εποχής εκείνης, και μεταβάλλεται σε μια συστηματική προσπάθεια κατήχησης και δογματικού διαποτισμού. Όλες οι αξίες συνεργάζονται και αλληλοσυμπληρώνονται, και τελικά αποτελούν ένα ενιαίο ιδεολογικό σύστημα αξιών, συμβατό με την ιδεολογία του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος, που ηγεμονεύεται από την κυρίαρχη ιδεολογία του πολιτικοκοινωνικού συστήματος. / This study explores at length the values in Modern Greek Literature readings six-grade secondary Gymnasium period 1940-1950, the thematic and ideological content in a particular historical-political phase of the war and the post-war Greece. The investigations showed that depending on the political and religious conditions the texts had aimed at promoting the objectives pursued by the political situation. Thus was selective internalization of values to serve the respective objects of power. Values that help politicization rather than political parties are not promoted in these texts. Notice that the value system of this period is a synthesis of national, religious - moral values. Central core theme of the text remains relatively stable, with the main orientation axis of the homeland, the Greek places, nature, religion and family. The evaluative content to readers of this period show mainly focuses on national religious and moral values. It displays a more ethnocentric, traditional and conservative orientation of values, which correspond to conservative texture of the dominant ideology of the time, and changes in a systematic effort indoctrination and dogmatic indoctrination. Altogether the values complement each other, and ultimately form a single ideological value system, compatible with the ideology of the educational system, which overmaster by the dominant ideology of social and political system.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-57).