長久以來，經濟成長一直是各國努力追求的目標，而經濟成長模型則提供解釋經濟成 長過程的理論基礎。此外各國經濟成長率的差異亦是成長模型所關心的問題。以往， 新古典的成長理論解釋長期的經濟成長率是外生技術進步所造成，財政政策扮演無關 緊要的角色，僅僅影響過渡動態調整。直到近幾年，Romer(1986b)提出內生性成長模 型後，長期的經濟成長率決定於偏好與技術的參數。而Barro(1990) 利用此內生性成長模型的概念，導出政府財政政策是內生性經濟成長的主要因素。 本文擬介紹數種包含政府部門在內的內生性成長模型，首先假設在封閉經濟體系下， 單一資本累積的成長模型。透過以政府支出影響生產函數以及Cobb-Douglas型態生長 函數的假設，我們可以討論單調遞增，遞減以及固定成長率的經濟成長模型，因此本 文模型延伸了Romer)1986b),Barro(1190),Xie(1991),Rebelo(1991) 等人的內生性成 長模型。從這些模型中可看出政府支出對每人消費，資本及產出成長率的影響。由於 政府支出與租稅具有外部性，使得競爭經濟下所求出的投資報酬與經濟成長率低於社 會計劃經濟下所求得的結果。 / The conventional neoclassical growth models attribute the long-run steady-state growth to the exogenous technological progress, and government’s fiscal pol-icy can only affect the dynamic transitional path toward the steady state. In recent years, Romer (1986b)first proposed a growth model in which the long-runrate of growth is endogenized. Following Romer, Barro (1990) examined that the fiscal policy may be one of the major factors influencing the country’s long-runrate of growth. Building on Barro’s model, this thesis presents three models of endogenous growth. Each recognizes that government spending can influence the aggregate production function. The aggregate production function exhibits an overall de-creasing return to scale, constant return to scale, and increasing return to scale. These models show that the fiscal policy has effects on the growth paths of pre capita consumption, private capital stock, and output in a competitive eqilib-rium. Furthemore, the competitive rate of return of capital may be lower than that under the central planning economy, because the external effects of govern-ment spending are excluded from the individual household’s perspective.

O ser humano, já nas primeiras civilizações, tem como objetivo principal na vida prosperar e possuir uma quantidade cada vez maior de riqueza e de bens. A cultura do acúmulo de riqueza e de um consumo cada vez maior de bens e serviços faz parte então dos costumes de qualquer sociedade e economia no mundo. O crescimento econômico é, desta forma, objetivo para qualquer economia ao redor do mundo e logicamente do Brasil. Atualmente conceituado com um aumento da produção, este crescimento econômico gera uma série de impactos negativos (degradação) sobre os recursos naturais e ambientais. No longo prazo, estes impactos negativos podem estar levando a uma deterioração irreversível das reservas destes recursos, prejudicando desta forma o desempenho e a prosperidade das economias. O estudo do nível de degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais e sua relação com o nível de crescimento econômico de uma nação é, desta forma, de grande importância pelos aspectos apresentados. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é, desta forma, exatamente este, estudar a relação entre o crescimento econômico (conceituado como um aumento do nível de renda) e o nível de degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais, às luzes do modelo EKC (Environmental Kuznest Curve), aplicado ao Brasil. Como a degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais é multidimensional, necessitando assim uma série de indicadores, e devido a disponibilidade de dados, foram utilizados dois tipos de indicadores: de qualidade de água e de consumo de energia. / Since the beginning of the human society, men have a main objective in life, getting wealthier and have as many goods as possible. The culture of wealthy accumulation and the consuming of a bigger quantity of goods and services is part of the characteristics of any society and economy around the world. This way, economical growth is an essential requirement for any economy, including Brazil. Defined as an improvement of the production, this economical growth also generates some other negative impacts on environmental and natural resources. In the long-run those impacts can be leading to an irreversible situation, bringing up some serious influences on the economical balance and prosperity. For those reasons, the study of the relationship between the economical growth and the degradation of the natural and environmental resources is important for a society. Thinking on it, we have developed a study that analyzes the relationship between economical growth (defined as an increase of the real GDP) and the degradation of natural and environmental resources, applying the concept of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) model in Brazil. Unfortunately, it’s needed as many indicators of pressure as possible (once that the quality of natural and environmental resources is multidimensional), but, due to that lack of data and to facilitate our study it has been applied the study to two indicators: water quality and energy consume.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-08-18T18:15:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA MONICA QUEIROZ FERNANDES AGUIAR.pdf: 764980 bytes, checksum: ba96e9fdf69392c782de9ed14cd83182 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA MONICA QUEIROZ FERNANDES AGUIAR.pdf: 764980 bytes, checksum: ba96e9fdf69392c782de9ed14cd83182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / This dissertation has as aim to discuss about the familiar agriculture, that is need the sustainable development cause it is important to expand, to attend relevant businesses at the national and international mark, as an elevate degree of satisfaction and quality, to arouse to asks to sense of critics to relationship with the sustainability ideas. The importance this appear it is an opportunity of presents several ways using the protect of agricultural and agrarian political with a practical vision, discussions about popping, average for theories, because of the possibility and urgency a discover a balance to found results that to show the best side of the agriculture sector of rural credit as mechanism of growth, to put into effect of the sustainable development to amply for amplify actions to send to field of the sustainability of our Planet. This dissertation its a bibliography, and has an approach that contemplates a proposal of priories about the sustainability, indicating several theories premises connected with to familiar agriculture, to revision and to promote the essential life values. / O escopo desta dissertação consiste em delinear discussões centradas na temática da agricultura familiar, a qual necessita do desenvolvimento sustentável para se expandir, atender os mercados interno e externo, com um grau elevado de satisfação e qualidade, provocando interrogações ao senso de criticidade no que concerne à ideia de sustentabilidade. A relevância deste assunto traz a oportunidade de apresentar caminhos alternativos, com amparo de políticas agrícolas e agrárias, sob o ponto de vista prático; bem assim de debates fundamentados em renomados autores sob o prisma teórico, haja vista ser possível e urgente a descoberta de um ponto de equilíbrio na busca de resultados que induzam à melhoria do setor agrícola. Em torno da agricultura familiar existem inúmeras questões para se discutir, tais como a aplicabilidade do crédito rural como mecanismo de crescimento, a efetivação do desenvolvimento sustentável com fins de ampliar ações que se encaminhem para a sustentabilidade do Planeta. De cunho bibliográfico, esta dissertação está pautada em uma abordagem, a qual contempla a proposta de priorizar a sustentabilidade, a partir de vários pressupostos teóricos vinculados à agricultura familiar, a fim de rever e promover valores essenciais à vida.

O ser humano, já nas primeiras civilizações, tem como objetivo principal na vida prosperar e possuir uma quantidade cada vez maior de riqueza e de bens. A cultura do acúmulo de riqueza e de um consumo cada vez maior de bens e serviços faz parte então dos costumes de qualquer sociedade e economia no mundo. O crescimento econômico é, desta forma, objetivo para qualquer economia ao redor do mundo e logicamente do Brasil. Atualmente conceituado com um aumento da produção, este crescimento econômico gera uma série de impactos negativos (degradação) sobre os recursos naturais e ambientais. No longo prazo, estes impactos negativos podem estar levando a uma deterioração irreversível das reservas destes recursos, prejudicando desta forma o desempenho e a prosperidade das economias. O estudo do nível de degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais e sua relação com o nível de crescimento econômico de uma nação é, desta forma, de grande importância pelos aspectos apresentados. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é, desta forma, exatamente este, estudar a relação entre o crescimento econômico (conceituado como um aumento do nível de renda) e o nível de degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais, às luzes do modelo EKC (Environmental Kuznest Curve), aplicado ao Brasil. Como a degradação dos recursos naturais e ambientais é multidimensional, necessitando assim uma série de indicadores, e devido a disponibilidade de dados, foram utilizados dois tipos de indicadores: de qualidade de água e de consumo de energia. / Since the beginning of the human society, men have a main objective in life, getting wealthier and have as many goods as possible. The culture of wealthy accumulation and the consuming of a bigger quantity of goods and services is part of the characteristics of any society and economy around the world. This way, economical growth is an essential requirement for any economy, including Brazil. Defined as an improvement of the production, this economical growth also generates some other negative impacts on environmental and natural resources. In the long-run those impacts can be leading to an irreversible situation, bringing up some serious influences on the economical balance and prosperity. For those reasons, the study of the relationship between the economical growth and the degradation of the natural and environmental resources is important for a society. Thinking on it, we have developed a study that analyzes the relationship between economical growth (defined as an increase of the real GDP) and the degradation of natural and environmental resources, applying the concept of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) model in Brazil. Unfortunately, it’s needed as many indicators of pressure as possible (once that the quality of natural and environmental resources is multidimensional), but, due to that lack of data and to facilitate our study it has been applied the study to two indicators: water quality and energy consume.

Globalisation has made logistics more important than ever in developing countries. If one business function raises their costs on a service, the end customer will usually pay the price in the store. When the end customers cannot afford the end price on a product, they will turn to other alternatives. This thesis examines how process management would affect the local population within the Dominican Republic. By beginning to question why some functions exist the effect will be economically visible in a DuPont according to the theories. Supply chain management seeks to manage the whole processes from A to Z in the most efficient way possible. The study was conducted during 8 weeks in the Dominican Republic. Eleven managers were interviewed to see how important SCM is for DR. The conclusions of the study is that Supply Chain Management is very important for DR. Well managed supply chains allow higher quality goods such as medicine and food to be accessed at a lower price by the local population. By targeting the economical position of working capital in a process an organisation can reach an increased ROI without the use economical means (increase the income/delivery service or reduce the costs). / MFS study financed by the Swedish International Development cooperation Agency, SIDA

A des dates et à des vitesses différentes selon les pays, l’aluminium a changé tout à la fois le monde industriel et les modes de vie. Au début du XXème siècle, le monde en développement était déjà partagé entre l’Amérique du Nord où acier et béton commençaient à façonner les villes reliées par le chemin de fer, et l’Europe où il fallait détruire pour reconstruire et où le changement a pris plus de temps. Aluminium et hydroélectricité ont effectué leurs débuts ensemble, ouvrant une longue période de croissance que leur complémentarité a accélérée. Les réussites techniques dans les deux domaines ont eu un effet boule de neige. L’expansion a duré ¾ de siècle jusqu’à ce que l’augmentation des usages domestiques de l’électricité contraigne la production d’aluminium à trouver de nouvelles sources de courant, au sein des États-Unis d’abord. Les pays en développement ont adopté le chemin suivi auparavant et assuré la continuité. Depuis 2003, la Chine est le premier producteur mondial d’aluminium. La modernisation a touché tous les domaines en même temps, sant apparaître des besoins considérables d’accompagnement. L’économie et la gestion ont construit et développé des bases théoriques et pratiques en réseau, amplifiant l’efficacité des progrès techniques. Ce qu’il a paru intéressant de mettre en lumière dans cette étude, ce sont les interactions durables entre la théorie économique et la production industrielle d’un métal qui a façonné le siècle. / At different times and speeds, depending on the countries concerned, aluminium has transformed both the world of industry and our ways of life. In the early 20th century, the developing world was already divided between North America, where steel and concrete were beginning to shape cities linked by railroads, and Europe, where it was necessary to demolish before rebuilding, and the transformation therefore took longer. Aluminium and hydroelectricity emerged together, heralding a long period of growth that was accelerated by their complementarity. Technical progress in both domains had a snowball effect. The expansion lasted three-quarters of a century, until the rising household demand for electricity forced aluminium producers to look for new sources of energy, firstly in the United States. The developing countries followed the same path and provided continuity. China has been the leading aluminium producer in the world since 2003. Modernisation affected both domains at the same time, creating considerable needs for support. Economics and management sciences have developed theoretical and practical foundations in a network, amplifying the effectiveness of technical advances. The interest of this study lies in our revelation of the lasting interactions between economic theory and industrial production.

5 Tématem diplomové práce je fenomén lidské práce a její vztah k životnímu prost edí a p írod v rámci r stov orientovaného kapitalismu. První ást práce pomocí fenomenologické analýzy inných modalit, jak je nacházíme v díle Vita Activa Hannah Arendtové, odpovídá na otázky Co je to lidská práce? Jak se lidská práce liší od zhotovování? Jaký je vztah t chto inných modalit k p írod a životnímu prost edí? Druhá ást analýzy je zam ena na historické prom ny práce v období novov ku, jež se p ekrývá s nástupem pr myslového kapitalismu. Poslední ást pak analyzuje fenomén práce v soudobé environmentální sociologii - role práce v teorii b žícího pásu výroby (Allan Schnaiberg) a teorie akumulace kapitálu (J. B. Foster). Klí ová slova: práce, zhotovování, Hannah Arendtová, fenomenologie, kapitalismus, p íroda, b žící pás, ekonomický r st, akumulace, planetární meze, Alain Schnaiberg The aim of the thesis deals with the phenomenon of human work and its relationship to the environment and nature in the context of growth-oriented capitalism. The first part of the thesis includes phenomenological analysis of the two basic modalities: labor and work, which can be found in the Hannah Arendt's book The Human Condition. Second part of theses descirbe the crossing of those modalities during the modern times. In this part I try to...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giomar Viana.pdf: 714360 bytes, checksum: bc9e5e74220aa3be119157bab7ac81c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of human capital in regional concentration of Parana s State economical growth, at the beginning of the 21st century. To do so, the panel method has been used, from Least Squares Dummy Variables Estimator (LSDV) method, with 399 Parana s State municipalities as a sample between 1999 and 2006. Hence, the data used was the Gross National Product (GNP) as a dependent variable, as well as Human capital (HC), Physical capital (PC), Social Capital (SC), Natural Capital (NC) and municipal socio-human investment (SHC I), segmented by region, as explanatory variables. In order to determine these variables, the following proxies have been used: the GNP that represents economical growth (dependence variable); the average number of years of study for the 25 year-old-population and above for HC; the level of electrical energy consumption in industry, for PC, the number of cooperatives, syndical entities and other kinds of non-profit organizations for every 1000 inhabitants, for SC; the added value in agriculture, for NC; and public municipal investments in health, sanitation, education and culture, for SHC-I. The reported results stress a high level of explanation of the proposed variables to justify economical growth and, except social-human investment, all of them have an impact on the level of economical growth of the regions. Even so, it has been proved that the human capital is one of the main factors to determine economical growth, working as a catalyzing mechanism of regional development. However, its full performance occurs from its interaction with the other factors, especially the physical and the social capital. Before that, the study innovates because it is one of the first studies regarding analysis of regional disparities, as of the set of municipalities of the whole State in panel data. On the other hand, this study moves forward in the understanding of the interaction among natural, human and social capital, allowing a new analysis to determine the economical growth. Therefore, the development of human capital is one of the alternatives to stimulate economical growth of Parana s regions, working as a tool to reduce regional economical disparities of the State. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a influência do capital humano na concentração regional do crescimento econômico paranaense, no início do século XXI. Para tanto, optou-se pela metodologia de dados de painel, a partir da utilização do método Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV), tendo como amostra os 399 municípios paranaenses, entre 1999 e 2006. Desse modo, os dados utilizados foram o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB-municipal), como variável dependente, além do capital humano (CH), capital físico (CF), capital social (CS), capital natural (CN) e investimento social-humano (I-CSH) municipais, segmentados por mesorregião, como variáveis explicativas. Para a determinação dessas variáveis, foram utilizadas as seguintes proxies: O PIB representando o crescimento econômico (variável dependente); o número médio de anos de estudo para a população de 25 anos e acima, para CH; o nível de consumo de energia elétrica na indústria, para CF; o número de cooperativas, entidades sindicais e demais tipos de organização sem fins lucrativos para cada mil habitantes, para CS; o valor adicionado na agricultura, para CN; e os investimentos públicos municipais em saúde, saneamento, educação e cultura, para I-CSH. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam um alto nível de explicação das variáveis propostas para justificar o crescimento econômico, sendo que, com exceção do investimento humano-social, todas impactam no nível de crescimento econômico das mesorregiões. Mesmo assim, constatou-se que o capital humano é um dos principais fatores na determinação do crescimento econômico, servindo como um mecanismo catalisador do desenvolvimento regional. Contudo, seu pleno desempenho se dá a partir de sua interação com os demais fatores, principalmente o capital físico e social. Diante disso, o estudo inova por ser um dos pioneiros quanto à análise das disparidades regionais, a partir do conjunto de municípios de todo o Estado em dados de painel. Por outro lado, o estudo avança na compreensão da interação entre o capital natural, humano e social, permitindo uma nova forma de análise para a determinação do crescimento econômico. Assim, o incremento do capital humano apresentou-se como uma das alternativas para que se dinamize o crescimento econômico das regiões paranaenses, servindo como uma ferramenta para reduzir as disparidades econômicas regionais do Estado.

Mon mémoire portera sur la musique des jeux vidéo dans le cadre d’un effondrement systémique ou d’une autre forme de décroissance de l’économie. C’est dans ce cadre que j’exposerai mes idées quant aux différentes formes que pourraient prendre l’industrie vidéo-ludique et sa musique dans un contexte qui semble difficile à envisager. Quelles sont les sources de créativité dans un monde où les indicateurs liés aux sociétés modernes auront vraisemblablement changé du tout au tout ? Comment envisager que le jeu vidéo puisse rester attrayant, intéressant et passionnant dans un modèle économique décroissant ? Ce sont les problématiques auxquelles je vais tenter d’apporter des réponses ici. / My thesis consists on confronting video-game music with a case of systemic collapse or economical degrowth. Regarding these environmental and societal problematics, I’ll suggest ideas concerning the way we could look at the future of video-games, by thinking on the form the medium and its music could take in a context that we often fail to contemplate. How can creativity still emerge in a world where common society’s indicators will most likely be totally different from what they are today? Could we find ways for video-games and video-game music to be as interesting and inspiring as it is today in a context of economical degrowth? Those are problematics that I’ll specifically address in my thesis, by trying to find an approach and potential answers that suits a realistic future state of the world.