The diploma thesis deals with educationally disadvantaged student at public universities in Czechia. Thesis presumes the existence of educational inequality in Czech educational system and the effect of disadvantages based on attained education level of student's parents. These inequalities hadn't significantly changed even after the massification of tertiary education sector. The population of educationally disadvantaged in the thesis is equivalent to first generation student population, meaning the families with unattained tertiary education level. The main objective is to find out designs of policies targeting this group and to explore perception of the population. To achieve the goal, the thesis is using social construction of target framework. In this way, designs of applied policies are analyzed and the social construction of the target population is defined. The thesis uses qualitative research methods, using thematic document analysis of annual reports and long-term plans of all public universities and then uses the academic senate reports and semi-structured interviews with universities' representatives with selection of cases regarding the first analysis findings. The results show that educationally disadvantaged population remains undefined and there is a general lack of relevant...

Background Each year almost 1 in 3 (27%) of women (15-49y) worldwide experience lifetime physical and/or sexual domestic violence by their husbands/partners; that is almost 736 million women worldwide. According to the PDHS 2017-18, the prevalence of DV is 24% in Pakistan. The higher education level of the husband/partner in Pakistan might act as a protective factor against DV in women. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between the husband/partner's level of education and lifetime physical domestic violence against women. Method This quantitative cross-sectional study was based on the secondary data from Pakistan demographic health survey (PDHS) 2017-2018. The Woman's Questionnaire was used for the Data collection, and women (n = 3959) aged 30-49 in Pakistan were included. Descriptive analysis, crosstab chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed to describe the background characteristics of the sample and evaluate the association between exposure and outcome of interest.    Results Almost 24% of the women aged 15-49 have experienced lifetime physical domestic violence by their husbands/partners. In addition, 34% of the husbands/partner had secondary education. A secondary education level lowers the odds of physical domestic violence against women (OR=0.65, CI=0.54-0.77).   Conclusion The association between the husband/partner's level of education and lifetime physical domestic violence against women was established in this study. However, improving the husband/partner’s education level might contribute to eradicating DV against women.

This study addressed the problem of insufficient information concerning the impact of variability in requirements and credentials for Florida Voluntary Prekindergarten (VPK) teachers statewide on VPK program quality. This study examined the variance in the professional credentials of VPK lead instructors in Florida school districts and whether or not this variability makes a significant difference in program quality as measured by VPK Provider Kindergarten Readiness Rates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical tests were conducted, as appropriate, for each of four research questions. Research findings indicated there was no statistically significant difference in the mean VPK Provider Kindergarten Readiness Rates based on the professional credentials for VPK lead instructors when controlling for the socio-economic status of the children enrolled at each site. Recommendations were made for future research to replicate the study using a different indicator of program quality, perhaps a measure of student progress throughout the school year. Also, the first groups of students to participate in Florida’s voluntary prekindergarten (VPK) program are now enrolled in upper elementary grades making a longitudinal study both feasible and worthwhile in evaluating the effectiveness of a largescale preschool program. The researcher further recommended that the idea of improving the qualifications of the prekindergarten workforce must persist, supported by continued research and adequate funding.

Dissertation is very actual because there is development of system university education in Russia and it`s necessary to prepare competent specialist, which has mandatory knowledge’s for different subjects of educational sphere. Methodology base of dissertation is researches by different scientists about preparation modern specialist in youth sphere. / Магистерская диссертация «Разработка компетентностной модели выпускника по направлению подготовки 040700.68 «Организация работы с молодежью» (квалификация «Магистр»)» состоит из двух глав, введения, заключения, списка использованной литературы и приложений. Актуальность магистерской диссертации обусловлена крайней необходимостью в условиях модернизации системы высшего профессионального образования подготовки конкурентоспособного, компетентного специалиста, когнитивная сложность которого отвечала бы требованиям и интересам различных субъектов, заинтересованных в образовательном процессе. Методологической базой работы явились научные разработки отечественных и зарубежных ученых, исследующих вопросы подготовки современного специалиста, проблемы перехода от «квалификационного» подхода к «компетентностному», от российских традиций высшей школы к двухуровневой системе образования. В диссертации ставится проблема формирования модели подготовки выпускника магистратуры по направлению подготовки «Организация работы с молодежью». В работе делается попытка рассмотрения концептуальных оснований высшего профессионального образования и их модернизации, теоретических подходов к пониманию компетентностной парадигмы. Объектом исследования является магистр специальности «Организация работы с молодежью», предметом – модель магистра специальности «Организация работы с молодежью». В первой главе определяются основные тенденции развития высшего профессионального образования, особенности и теоретические подходы к понятиям «компетенция», «компетентностный подход», «качество образования», определяются структурные компоненты системы качества образования и ее нынешнее состояние. Также здесь рассматриваются ключевые положения и общетеоретические принципы смены образовательных парадигм, и проводится аналитический обзор существующей нормативно-правовой базы, регламентирующей данный процесс. Во второй главе сравниваются и оцениваются уровень подготовки магистра по работе с молодежью с уровнем подготовки бакалавра и специалиста того же направления. Объектом эмпирического исследования являются потребители и заказчики образовательных услуг. В работе изучается мнение основных субъектов-кооперантов образовательной деятельности о том, каким должен быть магистр по работе с молодежью, определяются наиболее важные общекультурные и профессиональные компетенции и качества личности, необходимые такому магистру, из которых в дальнейшем формируется компетентностная модель. Методы исследования соответствуют специфике эмпирического объекта и предмету – социологический опрос заинтересованных субъектов, экспертный опрос потенциальных работодателей, глубинное интервью с выпускниками данного направления, работающими по специальности и мозговой штурм с привлечением экспертов. По итогам исследования, кроме модели, представлены также и другие предложения и рекомендации по дальнейшему изучению данной темы. Объем работы составил 153 страницы. В работе содержится 8 приложений, 13 таблиц и 6 рисунков. В библиографическом списке представлены 50 источников литературы.

The following bachelor thesis in Applied Mathematics at the school of Industrial Engineering and Management, aims to investigate which factors affect the trade relation between India and Sweden during the 21st century. This has been done by performing a multiple linear regression analysis. The selected response variable is India's import from Sweden, and the regressor variables are India's direct investments in Sweden, Sweden's direct investment to India, Sweden's import from India, the Swedish krona to Indian rupee exchange rate, as well as the Education level in India. Data is collected monthly and taken from various sources, namely the Central Bureau of Statistics (SCB) and the Swedish Central Bank. Using the OLS method to build and test our model, the results are that the Education level, Exchange rate, and Sweden's import from India are all significant in describing India's import from Sweden in the 21st century, specifically when considering a longer time span. Furthermore, this study found that education is negatively correlated, which could imply a reduced need for knowledge intensive imports as education level increases. / Följande kandidatuppsats inom tillämpad matematik vid institutionen för industriell ekonomi och organisation syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar handelsförhållandet mellan Indien och Sverige under 2000-talet. Detta har gjorts genom att genomföra en multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Den valda beroende variabeln är Indiens import från Sverige, och de oberoende variablerna är Indiens direkta investeringar i Sverige, Sveriges direkta investeringar i Indien, Sveriges import från Indien, växelkursen mellan svenska kronan och indiska rupier, samt utbildningsnivån i Indien. Data samlas in månadsvis och hämtas från olika källor, bland annat Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) och Sveriges Riksbank. Genom att använda OLS-metoden för att bygga och testa vår modell visar resultaten att utbildningsnivån, växelkursen och Sveriges import från Indien är signifikanta för att beskriva Indiens import från Sverige under 2000-talet, särskilt när man betraktar en längre tidsperiod.

This thesis deals with issues of level and structure of education of contemporary Czech population with a view to the target group of disabled people. It talks about historical evolution in this field, current trends and available statistical data, which represent it. A prominent theme of the thesis is a lower number of disabled people with university education in comparison with intact population. We will have a short look at supportive measures for students with special needs at Czech universities as well. Then, a part of the thesis is a survey which examines attitudes of young disabled people towards university education. Key words education level of population of the Czech Republic, education level of disabled people, university education, support of people with special needs at universities, attitudes of young people towards university education

Introduktion: Barnfetma och övervikt är växande folkhälsoproblem där var femte barn iSverige lider av det. Barn som tillhör svaga socioekonomiska grupper drabbas i störreutsträckning än andra barn. Detta förklaras av föräldrarnas låga utbildningsnivå, lågayrkesstatus och låga inkomstnivåer. Enligt WHO led 340 miljoner barn i åldrarna 5–19 år avövervikt eller fetma globalt år 2016. Obehandlad övervikt och fetma hos barn kan leda tillkroniska följdsjukdomar i vuxenlivet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilkafaktorer inom områdena inkomst, utbildningsnivå och yrke som har störst bidragande orsak tillövervikt och fetma hos barn i familjer med låg socioekonomisk status. Metod: En kvalitativsystematisk litteraturöversikt. Analys av fynd gjordes med tematisk analys. Totalt inkluderades20 artiklar och tre databaser användes till studien; PubMed, CINAHL och Academic SearchPremier. Resultat: Föräldrars utbildningsnivå skapar de hälsoförutsättningar som barnet får.Låg utbildningsnivå var förknippat med sämre förutsättningar, sämre arbetsmöjligheter och eninkomst som inte täcker mer utöver de basala behoven. Låg utbildningsnivå resulterar även ibristande kunskaper om hälsosamma matvanor hos föräldrar. Detta påverkar hur de och derasbarn konsumerar mat som är mer energirik och näringsfattig. Flera studier visar att främstmoderns övervikt, lågutbildning och låga yrkesstatus är en riskfaktor för barnfetma. Slutsats:Högre utbildning är en skyddsfaktor som innebär bättre arbetsmöjligheter samt bättrekunskapsunderlag om hälsan och positiva hälsobeteenden. Insatser för att angripa den ojämlikahälsan i samhället bör prioriteras. Satsningar på att öka utbildningsnivån hos utsatta grupper,förbättra arbetsmöjligheter framförallt för mödrar. / Introduction: Childhood overweight and obesity are growing public health problems whereevery fifth child in Sweden suffers from it. Children belonging to weak socio-economic groupsare affected to a greater extent than other children. This is explained by the parents' low levelof education, low occupational status and low-income levels. According to the WHO, 340million children aged 5–19 years suffered from overweight or obesity globally in 2016.Untreated overweight and obesity in children can lead to chronic diseases in adulthood. Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate which factors in the areas of income, level of educationand occupation have the greatest contributing factor to overweight and obesity in children infamilies with low socio-economic status. Method: A qualitative systematic literature review.Analysis of findings was done with thematic analysis. A total of 20 articles were included andthree databases were used for the study: PubMed, CINAHL and Academic Search Premier. Result: Parents' level of education creates the health state that the child develops. Low level ofeducation was associated with poorer conditions, poorer job opportunities and an income thatdoes not cover more than the basic needs. Low levels of education also result in a lack ofknowledge about healthy eating habits in parents which affect how they consume foods that aremore energy-rich and nutrient-poor. Several studies show that mainly the mother's overweight,low education and low occupational status are a risk factor for childhood obesity. Conclusion:Higher education acts as a protective factor and means better job opportunities as well as abetter knowledgebase about health and positive health behaviors. Health interventions to tackleunequal health in society should be a priority. Efforts to increase the level of education ofvulnerable groups, improve job opportunities, especially for mothers are needed.

Bakgrund: Flertalet studier har påvisat förekomsten av skillnader i hälsa mellan olika sociala grupper i samhället. De tidigare studierna visar att det finns olika förhållanden mellan utbildningsnivå, ålder, socioekonomisk status, socialt stöd respektive kön och den självskattade hälsan. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka den självskattade hälsan hos kvinnor med olika utbildningsnivåer i Västmanlands län, beskriva åldersskillnader samt om det finns några samband mellan självskattad hälsa och socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Metod: Metoden utgår från en kvantitativ ansats där befintlig data från befolkningsundersökningen Hälsa på lika villkor 2012 i Västmanland har använts till analys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det förekommer signifikanta skillnader i självskattad hälsa hos kvinnor i Västmanland med olika utbildningsnivåer, åldrar, socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Det finns samband mellan dålig självskattad hälsa och förgymnasial- och gymnasial utbildningsnivå, ålder (50-64 år), bristande socialt stöd, ekonomiska svårigheter respektive sjukskrivning/ förtidspension samt arbetslöshet. Slutsats: Samband har identifierats mellan självskattad hälsa och utbildningsnivå samt mellan självskattad hälsa och faktorerna ålder, socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Däremot visar studien att skillnaderna i självskattad hälsa mellan utbildningsnivåerna bland kvinnor i Västmanland med större sannolikhet beror på åldersskillnader, skillnader i socialt stöd, ekonomiska svårigheter och sysselsättning än enbart på grund av utbildningsnivån. / Background: Several studies have demonstrated the existence of differences in health between social groups. The previous studies show that there are different relationships between educational level, age, socioeconomic status, social support, sex, and self-rated health. Aims: The aim of this study is to examine differences in self-assessed health among women with different educational levels in Västmanland, describe age differences and study whether there is any associations between self-assessed health and social support, economic situation and employment. Method: This method is based on a quantitative approach where existing data from the population health survey ”Health on equal terms 2012” in Västmanland is used for analysis. Results: The results show that there are significant differences in self-rated health among women in Västmanland with different levels of education, age, social support, financial situation and employment. There is also associations between poor self-rated health and lower educational levels, age (50-64 years), lack of social support, financial hardship and sickness/ disability and unemployment. Conclusion: Correlations have been identified between self-rated health and level of education as well as between self-rated health and age, social support, financial situation and employment. However, the study shows that the differences in self-rated health between educational levels among women in Västmanland more likely due to age differences, differences in social support, financial difficulties and employment than simply because of the level of education.

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre la situation de l’emploi et le salaire pour les diplômés universitaires en Chine à l’entrée du marché de travail pendant les dernières années. Après la revue de littérature, nous avons supposé trois hypothèses sur la compétence personnelle basée sur la théorie du capital humain. Dans cette recherche, les données retenues proviennent de deux sources : (1) les canaux officiels, y inclus les rapports diffusés et les statistiques publiées par le ministère de l’Éducation ou le Bureau national des Statistiques en Chine. (2) les canaux non gouvernementaux, soit les institutions d’enquêtes indépendantes et les organisations académiques en Chine. Nos résultats d’observation nous permettent de constater que les diplômés chinois sont exposés à une vive concurrence dans un marché où l’offre de travail y est excédentaire. Les caractéristiques personnelles, la qualité de l’enseignement, le niveau de scolarité et la discipline d’étude, peuvent affecter dans une certaine mesure l’emploi et le salaire de départ. Finalement, nous concluons ce mémoire avec des propositions de pistes de solution aux caractéristiques chinoises qui visent à réduire la difficulté d’emplois des diplômés. / The objective of current study is to understand the situation of employment and the entrance level salary for graduates in China of recent years. According to the literature review, we assumed three hypotheses regarding individual competence based on the theory of human capital. The data in this research came from two sources: (1) the official channels, including reports and statistics published by the Ministry of Education or the National Statistics Bureau in China. (2) non-governmental channels, including investigation and research work by the institutions independent in China. Our analysis showed that Chinese graduates were exposed in a oversupply labor market. However, some personal character in academic background, such as the teaching quality, education level and study subject, may have an impact on employment and entrance level salary to some degree. In the end we draw a conclusion with Chinese-style solution, which aims at reducing the problem of unemployment.

Le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière, qui traduit la mise en œuvre du rôle professionnel, est essentiel à l’accessibilité, à la continuité, à la qualité ainsi qu’à la sécurité des soins, dont ceux dispensés aux enfants et à leur famille. Or, il semble que les infirmières éprouvent certaines difficultés à déployer pleinement leur étendue de pratique, ce qui pourrait également compromettre la satisfaction professionnelle, un enjeu majeur pour la rétention du personnel dans les organisations de soins de santé. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer l’étendue effective de la pratique d’infirmières en pédiatrie, ses déterminants et son influence sur la satisfaction professionnelle. Le cadre de référence, un modèle original développé dans cette thèse, prend appui sur la théorie des caractéristiques de l’emploi (Hackman & Oldham, 1974), le modèle tension-autonomie (Karasek, 1985), la théorie du rôle (Biddle, 1979) et les travaux de D’Amour et al. (2012) portant sur l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Afin d’atteindre le but de cette étude, le modèle développé met en relation les caractéristiques du travail et les caractéristiques individuelles d’influence potentielle sur le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Il présuppose également un lien entre l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et la satisfaction professionnelle. Un devis corrélationnel descriptif a été retenu pour cette étude. Une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’infirmières de cinq secteurs d’activités d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique universitaire du Québec a été réalisée (N=301). Les associations entre les variables ont été examinées en utilisant des analyses bivariées, multivariées et un modèle d’équations structurelles. Les analyses effectuées révèlent une bonne concordance du modèle développé (ratio x²/dl= 1,68; RMSEA = ,049; CFI = ,985). Au total, le modèle explique 32,5 % de la variance de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et 11,3% de la variance de la satisfaction professionnelle. Les résultats font état d’un déploiement non-optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière (3,21/6; É.T.= ,707). Les variables significativement associées au déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière sont: la latitude décisionnelle (β = ,319; p <0,01), la surcharge de rôle (β = ,201; p <0,05), l’ambiguïté de rôle (β = ,297; p <0,05), le besoin de croissance individuelle de l’infirmière (β = ,151; p <0,05) et le niveau de formation (β = ,128; p <0,05). Il est également démontré que l’étendue de la pratique infirmière est associée positivement à la satisfaction professionnelle (β = ,118; p <0,01). Une description plus détaillée des résultats de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière en fonction du niveau de formation et du poste occupé met en lumière que les infirmières bachelières ont une étendue de pratique significativement plus élevée (3,35; É.T =,746) que les infirmières collégiales (3,12; É.T =,669). L’occupation d’un poste de clinicienne est aussi associée à une plus grande étendue de pratique infirmière. Précisément, les infirmières qui occupent un poste d’infirmière obtiennent un score de 3,13/6 (É.T =,664) alors que le score des infirmières qui occupent un poste de clinicienne s’élève à 3,48/6 (É.T =,798). Cette étude innove en présentant un modèle de référence qui a le potentiel de générer des connaissances importantes en sciences infirmières en lien avec le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de pratique infirmière. Prenant appui sur ce modèle novateur, les résultats révèlent les caractéristiques du travail sur lesquelles il y a urgence d’agir afin d’accroître le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et par le fait même la satisfaction professionnelle. / Optimal deployment of the scope of nursing practice, through which nurses’ professional role is expressed, is essential for ensuring accessibility, continuity, quality, and safety of care, including those provided to children and their families. Even so, it seems that nurses encounter certain difficulties when it comes to fully deploying their scope of practice. The impossibility of carrying out care activities that form part of the scope of nursing practice can also compromise job satisfaction, a major issue for healthcare organizations in terms of staff retention. The aim of this study is to measure the actual scope of nursing practice in pediatrics, its determinants, and its influence on professional satisfaction. The reference framework, an original model developed in this thesis, is based on job characteristics theory (Hackman & Oldham, 1974), the job demand-control model (Karasek, 1985), role theory (Biddle, 1979) and the work of D’Amour et al. (2012) on scope of nursing practice. To achieve the study objectives, the model developed here examines the relationships between job characteristics and individual characteristics that can potentially influence the deployment of scope of nursing practice. The model also proposes a link between scope of nursing practice and professional satisfaction, a distinct dimension of job satisfaction. A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. A survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire completed by nurses in five activity sectors of a pediatric university hospital (N = 301). Variability in both actual scope of nursing practice and professional satisfaction was explained using sequential multivariate regressions assuming an additive and moderating effect for individual characteristics. The potential mediating effect of scope of nursing practice between job characteristics and professional satisfaction was verified using structural equations modelling. The analyses reveal good fit for the model developed (x²/df ratio index = 1.68, RMSEA = .049, CFI = .985). Altogether, the model explains 32.5% of the variance for actual scope of practice and 11.3% of the variance for professional satisfaction. The results show non-optimal deployment of the scope of nursing practice (3.21/6; SD = .707). The analyses demonstrated the significant influence on actual scope of nursing practice of certain variables of the model: decision latitude (β = .319; p <0.01), role overload (β = .201; p <0.05), role ambiguity (β = .297; p <0.05), nurse growth need (β = .151; p <0.05) and education level (β = .128; p <0.05). They also showed that actual scope of nursing practice exerts a positive influence on professional satisfaction (β = .118; p <0.01). A more detailed examination of nurses’ actual scope of practice in relation to education level and position occupied showed the scope of practice for baccalaureate-educated nurses to be significantly higher than that of nurses with college diplomas, with scores of 3.35 (SD = .746) and 3.12 (SD = .669) respectively. Occupying a nurse clinician position also had a positive influence on actual scope of nursing practice. Specifically, the mean score for staff nurses was 3.13/6 (SD = .664), while that for nurse clinicians was higher, at 3.48/6 (SD = .798). The results of this study break new ground by presenting a model with the potential to generate important knowledge in nursing related to the optimal deployment of nurses’ scope of practice. Based on this innovative model, the results highlight job characteristics that require urgent action in order to broaden the deployment of nurses’ scope of practice and thereby to increase professional satisfaction.